Transmission of chronic nociception by spinal neurons expressing the substance P receptor

Substance P receptor (SPR)-expressing spinal neurons were ablated with the selective cytotoxin substance P-saporin. Loss of these neurons resulted in a reduction of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia associated with persistent neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. This loss appeared to be permanent. Responses to mildly painful stimuli and morphine analgesia were unaffected by this treatment. These results identify a target for treating persistent pain and suggest that the small population of SPR-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord plays a pivotal role in the generation and maintenance of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain.     

华山松成熟胚的器官发生研究初探

探索华山松的离体培养技术,对发展该树种的遗传调控技术和建立相关快繁体系等都具有一定的理论和实际意义.该试验以华山松的成熟胚为外植体,研究了培养基、生长调节剂和蔗糖等因子对其再生体系建立各阶段的影响.结果表明:①不定芽诱导培养基为DCR+BA 3.0～5.0 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂5.0 g/L,最高诱导率可达到67.57%;②在相同浓度下,BA诱导不定芽的效果好于KT;③继代培养时必须降低培养基中的无机盐和生长调节剂含量;④添加0.1 mg/L IBA和2 g/L活性炭有利于丛生芽和茎段的伸长生长;⑤在附加4.0～5.0 mg/L IBA的1/2 DCR培养基上,从诱导的愈伤组织内可以分化出较粗短的不定根,但植株移栽时较难成活.试验反映出的不同树种的离体胚在培养基上放置取向效应的差异机制问题和华山松的生根问题,有待于进一步研究探讨.      

燕麦成熟胚的组织培养及植株再生

以燕麦成熟胚为外植体,通过对不同基因型、培养基的激素种类和配比、盾片放置方式的研究,探索影响燕麦成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及分化的因素.结果表明:基因型对燕麦愈伤组织的诱导及分化有显著影响;不同基因型材料诱导愈伤及分化所需激素及其比例不同,‘白燕2号’和‘陇燕3号’的最佳诱导培养基为MS+4mg/L 2,4-D+1mg/L NAA,分化培养基分别为MS+0.4mg/L NAA+0.2mg/L KT+1.0mg/L 6-BA和0.8mg/L NAA+0.8mg/L KT+1.0mg/L 6-BA;‘丹麦444’的最佳诱导培养基为MS+2mg/L 2,4-D,分化培养基为0.2mg/LNAA+0.4mg/L KT;接种时将成熟胚盾片朝下直接接触培养基放置,可获得更高的诱导率;‘陇燕3号’的成熟胚有利于燕麦再生体系的建立.     

Substance P and somatostatin regulate sympathetic noradrenergic function

Peptidergic-noradrenergic interactions were examined in explants of rat sympathetic superior cervical ganglia and in cultures of dissociated cells. The putative peptide transmitters substance P and somatostatin each increased the activity of the catecholamine-synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase after 1 week of exposure in culture. Maximal increases occurred at 10(-7) molar for each peptide, and either increasing or decreasing the concentration reduced the effects. Similar increases in tyrosine hydroxylase were produced by a metabolically stable agonist of substance P, while a substance P antagonist prevented the effects of the agonist. The data suggest that the increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity was mediated by peptide interaction with specific substance P receptors and that peptides may modulate sympathetic catecholaminergic function.     

不同施肥条件下小白菜的物质积累与养分吸收

采用盆栽试验,研究在冲积性菜园土不同施肥条件下小白菜生育期的物质积累及其对N、P、K养分吸收的变化规律.结果表明,小白菜物质积累主要集中在移栽后30～45 d,占全生育期的50%以上;每棵小白菜全生育期平均吸氮、吸磷、吸钾818.6、87.1、713.3 g,各处理小白菜吸收N、P2O5、K2O的质量比为1∶0.23∶1.06;小白菜植株的氮素吸收总量与产量显著相关(r=0.935*),磷素吸收总量与产量极显著相关(r=0.970**),钾素吸收量与产量的相关性没有达到显著水平.     

Sensory and motor functions of spinal cord substance P

Low doses of D-Pro2-D-Phe7-D-Trp9-substance P, as specific substance P antagonist, depressed the scratching and biting behaviors elicited by intrathecal injections of substance P, and cutaneous application of algesic substances. Higher antagonist doses caused hindlimb paralysis. This suggests that substance P is a neurotransmitter for primary nociceptor afferents and may also have an important function in motor control.     

威百亩处理对无土栽培基质中可培养微生物的影响

威百亩处理无土栽培基质对基质中可培养微生物影响的研究结果表明,(1)与对照相比250 ml/m3及以下用量的威百亩处理在处理30 d时,对基质中细菌数量不产生显著影响,而375 ml/m3威百亩处理则可显著降低基质中细菌数量;(2)与对照相比250 ml/m3及以上用量的威百亩处理15 d时真菌数量可显著降低,处理30d时250 ml/m3用量的威百亩处理真菌数量略有增加,而375 ml/m3用量的威百亩处理真菌数量则有较大幅度的降低;(3)与对照相比在处理15 d时,125~375 ml/m3处理对放线菌数量影响不大,而在处理30 d时,125~375ml/m3的处理均使放线菌数量降低,其中以375 ml/m3的处理使放线菌数量降低最为显著。     

几种氨基酸对水稻离体种胚培养的效应

以三系水稻恢复系桂99和广优2号为主要试验材料,研究了色氨酸、精氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸在水稻种胚培养中的作用,目的在于对水稻种胚离体培养的培养基进行更优化选择。试验结果表明,诱导培养基中添加不同种类及不同浓度的氨基酸对水稻种胚培养结果影响较大,而且因试验品种不同而存在较大差异。     

Primary studies on tissue culture from mature embryos in diploid and tetraploid wheat

Using mature embryos (MEs) as the explants, the callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency in diploid and tetraploid wheat of four genotypes were studied. The tested four genotypes wheat included cultivable emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schuble), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and the common wheat progenitors Triticum dicoccoides and Triticum aegilopides. Results indicated that there were significant differences in the efficiency of callus induction, callus differentiation and plant regeneration among the tested genotypes. The efficiency of differentiation and regeneration shows strong genotype dependence. The rates of callus induction, embryogenic callus differentiation, plantlet regeneration and culture efficiency respectively were 95.00%, 90.00%, 32.40%, and 27.70% in cultivable emmer wheat, which were significantly higher than other tested genotypes. Therefore, this study has provided a basis for genetic transformation, gene cloning and molecular plant breeding in wheat and other related species. __________ Translated from Molecular Plant Breeding, 2007, 5(4): 480–484 [译自: 分子植物育种]     

不同小麦品种成熟胚离体培养的研究

以湖北省当前推广小麦品种鄂恩4号、鄂麦14和豫麦70成熟胚为外植体,采用MS基本培养基,配制20种不同激素浓度及盐胁迫组合的培养基,研究不同基因型、2,4-D浓度及NaCl含量对成熟胚愈伤组织形成的影响。结果表明,不同基因型出愈率差异较大,2,4-D浓度对愈伤组织的形成存在差异,鄂恩4号出愈率最高,在MS 2,4-D8.0mg·L-1培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率达100%,豫麦70次之,在MS 2,4-D6.0mg·L-1培养基上出愈率为90.0%,鄂麦14较差,在MS 2,4-D8.0mg·L-1培养基上出愈率为83.3%。2,4-D浓度在4.0～8.0mg·L-1范围内,对愈伤组织形成有促进作用;盐胁迫条件下,当NaCl浓度大于0.3%时,明显抑制愈伤组织的形成,其中鄂恩4号的耐盐性较强。     

糯玉米早熟高效栽培技术

随着人民生活水平的提高,玉米由以前的主粮变为现在的辅粮,并且在品质、品种上发生了翻天覆地的变化,品质大幅度的提高,品种由单一的普遍玉米发展到现在的糯玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米、水果玉米、笋用玉米等多品种类型,其中糯玉米是消费者喜食的品种。糯玉米早熟栽培不但可以满足消费者早春对其的需求,也可以大幅度提高农民的经济收益。糯玉米早熟栽培过程中应采取如下措施:     

鸡胆囊的交感传入神经元定位研究

选用体重1．5～2．5kg的成年母鸡6只，将CT—HRP溶液注入胆囊壁，动物存活3～4d后，经左心室灌流固定，取胸、腰和荐段各脊神经节，制成50gm的连续冰冻切片，TMB法呈色反应，置明视野显微镜下观片统计。结果发现：支配鸡胆囊的交感传入神经元胞体位于T2～T7脊神经节，其峰值位于T6脊神经节。     

Deuterium oxide: direct action on sympathetic ganglia isolated in culture

Immature ganglia from chicks and rodents were maintained as organized, developing cultures for 2 months or more, during which time they were continuously exposed to deuterium oxide in their medium. Observations of the living cell communities with the light microscope indicated that deuteration within viable limits (up to 25 percent) accelerates and increases the growth of sympathetic neurons and favors their repeated subdivision as a very large size is attained, thus inducing them to recapitulate cyclically the early stages of neurogenesis. Living deuterated cells appear more opaque and heteromerous than control neurons; furthermore, electron micrographs reveal an unusual abundance of granular and fibrillar elements in the nuclei of both neurons and supporting cells. Sheaves of complexly organized fibrillar components appear in the neuronal perikaryon; and ribosomes, Golgi elements, and microtubules are conspicuously numerous. Both fine structure and function of these ganglia therefore appear to have been modified directly by action of the deuterium isotope.     

Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase: evidence for increased activity in sympathetic neurons during psychotic states

Tritiated dopamine was infused into psychiatric patients during acute psychotic episodes and in remission. An index of the activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase of salivary gland sympathetic neurons was determined by measuring the distribution of tritiated metabolites in salivary fluid. Increased synthesis of norepinephrine occurred in acute schizophrenia and in the manic state of manic-depressive psychosis but not in the depressed phase.     

Spinal sympathetic neurons: possible sites of opiate-withdrawal suppression by clonidine

Morphine, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, and clonidine rapidly depressed transmission through sympathetic preganglionic neurons in cats with the spinal cord transected. Naloxone promptly antagonized this effect of the opiates but not that of clonidine which was reversed by alpha 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists. The independent depression of preganglionic neurons by clonidine may contribute to the ability of this drug to depress the symptoms of opiate withdrawal that are characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity.     

甜玉米成熟胚的组织培养及其植株再生研究

以45种甜玉米为材料,对成熟胚愈伤组织的诱导和继代培养、植株再生、再生苗移栽等方面进行了研究。45种基因型玉米成熟胚经诱导多可产生愈伤组织,但各种基因型之间愈伤组织诱导率差异较大,变异范围为0~100%。不同基因型愈伤组织的增殖力也有显著差异。将愈伤组织转入分化培养基,选系B12-2-2和A50可再生出完整植株。     

Prolonged Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarizations in hippocampal neurons of aged rats

The possibility that calcium is elevated in brain neurons during aging was examined by quantifying afterhyperpolarizations induced by spike bursts in CAl neurons of hippocampal slices from young and aged rats. The afterhyperpolarizations result from Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance increases and are blocked in medium low in Ca2+ and prolonged in medium high in Ca2+. The afterhyperpolarization and associated conductance increases were considerably prolonged in cells from aged rats, although inhibitory postsynaptic potentials did not differ with age. Since elevated intracellular Ca2+ can exert deleterious effects on neurons, the data suggest that altered Ca2+ homeostasis may play a significant role in normal brain aging.     

籼稻成熟胚的组织培养特性研究

籼稻成熟胚培养由于取材容易,因此在转基因研究中具有广泛的应用前景.但籼稻成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率不高,继代易褐化,分化率不高,严重阻碍着基因工程技术在水稻育种中的应用.本研究选用了27不同类型的籼稻品种和常规粳稻品种作为实验材料,在同一培养方式下,分析了不同籼稻品种成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率和分化率之间的差异及籼稻品种与粳稻品种成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率与分化率之间的差异,为目前应用细胞工程和基因工程技术来改良籼稻品种提供理论依据.获得了如下主要研究结果:水稻基因型是影响籼稻成熟胚组织培养力高低的关键因素;籼型杂交水稻不育系和保持系比常规籼稻品种、杂交水稻F1种子和恢复系品种成熟胚的培养力低;杂交水稻F1种子受亲本恢复系基因型的影响较大.     

谷秆两用稻成熟胚组织培养及植株再生的初步研究

谷秆两用稻 ( Grain- Straw- Dual- Use- Rice)是一种谷、草兼优的新型水稻 ,其稻谷产量与常规稻相当 ,米质优 ;其稻草蛋白质含量比常规稻约高 1倍以上 ,达到 8%左右 (常规稻仅为 4%左右 ) .这种优质稻草可作为饲料 ,也是一种栽培食用菌的优质材料 ,已显示出广阔的应用前景 .但是谷秆两用稻稻草蛋白质中的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸含量较低 ,特别是其秸秆中碳水化合物含量与一般水稻秸秆的相差不多 ,这种稻草的营养价值还有较大的提高潜力 .然而 ,常规的育种手段缺乏有效的资源且难以克服远缘杂交的生殖障碍 ,在谷秆两用稻相关性状的遗传改良上效果…