Establishment of a LacZ marker rescue assay to detect infectious RD114 virus

Cats have an infectious endogenous retrovirus, named RD114 virus, and there is a possibility that RD114 virus has contaminated live attenuated vaccines, for which feline cells are used as a substrate. To monitor infectious RD114 virus in vaccines for cats, we developed a LacZ marker rescue assay to detect infectious RD114 virus. Among four human cell lines examined, TE671 cells (human rhabdomyosarcoma) were most susceptible to RD114 virus and supported RD114 replication efficiently. Infection was enhanced approximately 5 times by the addition of polybrene at concentrations of 2 to 8 microg/ml in the medium during viral adsorption. A 4-hr viral adsorption period was sufficient to obtain the maximum titer. By inoculating samples into TE671 cells transduced with the lacZ marker gene, the limiting diluted sample (i.e., less than 10 infectious units) was detected at 12 days post-inoculation by the LacZ marker rescue assay. Based on the results obtained in this study, we propose a standard protocol of the LacZ marker rescue assay to detect infectious RD114 virus.     

Generation of Sperms Containing EGFP‐LacZ Following Transfection of Chicken Testis with a Eukaryotic Dual Reporter Vector

Male germ cells modified by foreign genes can be used to generate transgenic chicken. In this study, in vivo transfection of chicken testis with an EGFP‐LacZ dual reporter expression vector was performed. Large‐scale plasmid DNA preparation of the EGFP‐LacZ eukaryotic expression vector was carried out and efficient transfection of chicken testicle cells using the prepared plasmid DNA was confirmed in vitro. The reporter plasmid was directly injected into adult rooster testes. Semen samples were collected on 10‐days post‐transfection and every other day thereafter; and a total of six collections were made. Semen slides were subjected to fluorescence microscopy and β‐galactosidase activity assay to identify sperms carrying the reporter genes. The presence of EGFP and LacZ was further confirmed by PCR amplification with sperm genomic DNA as template. The testicles of those birds were subjected to cryostat sectioning, fluorescence microscopy and β‐galactosidase activity assay. The results showed that sperms with green fluorescence were not observed on semen slides; however, sperms positive for β‐galactosidase were detected. Specific amplicons of EGFP and lacZ were detected in four of the six sequentially collected semen samples. Fluorescence microscopy of the corresponding semen slides revealed yellow‐green fluorescence, but not clear green fluorescence. The β‐galactosidase activity assay and GFP histochemistry using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated positive staining for subsets of testicle cells. Together, these results showed that direct injection of the dual reporter vector into adult rooster testis allowed in vivo transfection of chicken sperm precursor cells, which further developed into sperm containing EGFP‐LacZ.     

表达多个外源基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建及其细胞培养特性研究

将SV40启动子控制下的LacZ报告基因表达盒与分别在CMV启动子控制下的含有猪瘟病毒（CS-FV）E2基因及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）GP5基因的表达盒插入到伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）Bartha-K61株TK基因中，通过蓝斑筛选获得了一株插入CSFVE2、PRRSVGP5与LacZ基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒，命名为rPRV-E2-GP5。经Western blot、间接免疫荧光试验证实E2、GP5基因在重组病毒感染细胞中获得了表达。重组病毒感染Vero、PK-15、IBRS2和CEF细胞后的增殖滴度和致细胞病变特征与亲本病毒比较，无显著差异。本试验结果表明在PRV基因组中可以插入多个外源基因，为进一步研究多价基因工程载体疫苗奠定了基础。     

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in 15 dogs and cats with specific biochemical and microbiological anomalies.

A great deal of controversy and speculation surrounds the etiology of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) in human patients and the existence of a similar illness in animals. To evaluate the association with a presumptive staphylococcal infection and bacteremia, seven dogs and eight cats diagnosed with CFS (two meeting the CDC working case definition) were submitted to rapid blood cultures and fresh blood smears investigations. Nine out of 15 blood cultures proved Staph-positive and four isolates were specified as S. xilosus (3) and S. intermedius (1). The presence of micrococci-like organisms in the blood was of common observation among these subjects, in association with fatigue/pain-related symptoms and biochemical abnormalities suggestive of a myopathy. Following treatment with a low dosage arsenical drug (thiacetarsamide sodium, Caparsolate, i.v., 0.1 ml/kg/day) all patients experienced complete remission. Micrococci disappeared from the blood at post-treatment controls made 10-30 days later. The outcomes were compared with those of five healthy controls and five 'sick with other illness' patients showing significant difference.     

囊胚注射转基因ES细胞制作嵌合体的研究

在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞制作的饲养层上培养并成功的维持了携带LacZ基因的胚胎干细胞系（S8），在此基础上，以S8为供体细胞，以远交系昆明白小鼠3．5d胚胎为受体，通过显微注射法将供体细胞转移到受体的囊胚腔内，经过恢复培养，移植到代孕鼠昆明白雌鼠的子宫中；后代在嵌合体出生一周后进行判定。本试验用8～13代的S8细胞共注射胚胎597枚，经1～3h恢复培养，有585枚胚胎重新具有膨大的囊胚腔，细胞轮廓分明，滋养层细胞间连接也清晰可见，胚胎成活率为97％；胚胎移植后，代孕母鼠共移植胚胎228枚，经17～19d的妊娠期后，产仔37只（2只死胎），产仔率为16％；有35只仔鼠（雄鼠18只，雌鼠17只）存活到可以判断毛色，共获得8只S8细胞毛色嵌合体小鼠，嵌合体的产生率为21．6％。结果表明用S8细胞经囊胚注射后能够获得嵌合体，并且嵌合体明显发生了性偏离现象。本试验为国内利用囊胚注射携带LacZ基因的胚胎干细胞获得嵌合体小鼠的首例报道。     

表达H3N2亚型猪流感病毒HA基因重组伪狂犬病病毒的构建

将SV40启动子控制下的LacZ基因表达盒和CMV启动子控制下的H3N2亚型猪流感病毒（SIV H3N2）的HA基因插入到伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）通用转移载体pBdTK-Uni中，获得转移载体pLTK-HA。将该载体与PRV Bartha-K61株基因组DNA通过脂质体法共转染Vero细胞，经过10代蓝斑筛选、纯化和PCR鉴定获得了一株插入SIV HA基因的重组伪狂犬病病毒，命名为rPRV-HA。Western blotting和间接免疫荧光试验证实HA基因在重组病毒感染的细胞中获得了表达。用不同的细胞（PK-15、IBRS-2、Vero和鸡胚成纤维细胞）对该重组病毒与亲本病毒的增殖滴度和致细胞病变进行比较，未见显著差异，对第30代重组病毒的HA基因进行序列分析，表明该重组病毒遗传性状稳定。     

Exogenous DNA internalisation by sperm cells is improved by combining lipofection and restriction enzyme mediated integration

1. Three types of exogenous DNA inserts, i.e. complete linearised pVIVO2-GFP/LacZ vector (9620 bp), the LacZ gene (5317 bp) and the GFP gene (2152 bp) were used to transfect chicken spermatozoa through simple incubation of sperm cells with insert. 2. PCR assay, Dot Blot hybridisation and Southern hybridisation showed the successful internalisation of exogenous DNA by chicken sperm cells. 3. Lipofection and Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration (REMI) were used to improve the rate of internalisation of exogenous DNA by sperm cells. 4. Results from dot blot as well as Southern hybridisation were semi-quantified and improved exogenous DNA uptake by sperm cells through lipofection and REMI. Stronger signals were observed from hybridisation of LacZ as well as GFP specific probe with the DNA from lipofected exogenous DNA transfected sperm DNA in comparison with those transfected with nude exogenous DNA.     

伪狂犬病病毒Bartha株TK-/LacZ+突变株的构建及其生物学特性研究

本研究将伪狂犬病病毒Bartha株基因组与含有LacZ标志基因的TK基因转移质料pUEKPZ共转染猪肾传代细胞PK－5，细胞出现病变后，反复冻融3次收毒，按1：5稀释接种于IBRS－2细胞。在X－gal存在下挑取蓝斑，蓝斑筛选3次，再进行空斑试验，同时用PCR扩增LacZ基因，经3次空斑纯化，随机挑取的空斑均能扩增出LacZ基因，证实所获得的重组病毒为伪狂犬病病毒Bartha株TK^-/LacZ^ 突变株。TCID50试验表明，TK失活对Bartha株在细胞上增殖无影响；Balb/C小鼠试验表明，该突变对Balb/C小鼠的安全性明显高于Bartha亲本毒株。     

猪戊型肝炎病毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及其分子流行病学

对已发表的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)不同基因型毒株全序列进行分析,针对ORF3的保守区设计引物和探针优化建立了HEV荧光RT-PCR检测体系。分析表明该反应体系具有良好的扩增效率、特异性和稳定性,且检测灵敏度比普通RT-PCR方法高10～100倍。利用所建立的荧光定量PCR方法对采集自浙江及其周边上海、江苏等地区规模化猪场的样品以及HEV抗体阳性人血清样品进行了HEV核酸检测。其中,77份人血清样本仅有2份为HEV核酸阳性(2.6%)。而猪粪便样品阳性率则高达20.5%(56/273),且所调查的猪场均存在HEV感染。进一步的分子流行特征分析表明,浙江及周边地区的猪HEV毒株多为基因Ⅳ型,与其他地区的Ⅳ型HEV毒株同源性较高(83.4%～89.5%),但它们之间也存在较多的变异位点。猪源HEV毒株PJ-1则与多数Ⅲ型HEV毒株同源性较高(88%),进化分析也表明其为基因Ⅲ型。人血清样品中检测到的2份HEV毒株Human-1与Human-2与本地区Ⅳ型猪源毒株在分子进化关系上具有很高的亲源性,它们分布于同一分支内,而不构成独立分支。以上分析结果表明浙江及其周边地区猪HEV感染较为广泛,且以基因Ⅳ型毒株为主,但也存在...     

伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株TK—／LacZ＋突变株的构建

本研究以地高辛标记的含TK基因的BamHI/KpnI片段为探针，通过Southern杂交确定伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株基因组中一大小约5．9kb的KpnI片段中含有TK基因，回收该片段并克隆于PUC18铁KpnI位点，然后进一步克隆其中含TK基因的PstI/KpnI片段，并将LacZ表达盒插入到该片段中的BamHi位点，构建转移质粒pUEKPZ，该将质粒与伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株基因组共转染PK－15细胞，待完全病变后在X－gal存在下筛选蓝斑，蓝斑纯化3次后，经PCR扩增，Southern杂交证实获得的病毒为伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株TK－／LacZ 突变株。     

Clinical oral doses of dexamethasone decreases intrinsic clearance of quinidine, a cytochrome P450 3A substrate in dogs

We investigated the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) at clinical doses on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine (QN) in dogs. Dogs (5 healthy 1-year-old male beagles) were orally administered DEX once daily for 5 days at 2.5 or 7.5 mg/day. QN (2 mg/kg) was intravenously injected 3 weeks before and one day after the DEX treatment. The plasma concentration of QN was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. Plasma concentrations of albumin and alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were determined by a bromocresol green method and a single immunodiffusion method, respectively. In order to calculate unbound concentrations of QN in plasma, the binding kinetics of QN in plasma was examined by an ultrafiltration method using pooled plasma from the 5 dogs when they were drug-free. Total body clearance of QN was decreased dose-dependently By the DEX treatment, although the decrease was not statistically significant. Elimination half-lives significantly increased (more than twice at 7.5 mg), and intrinsic clearance significantly decreased (about 50%). The volume of distribution increased significantly (about two-fold). Plasma levels of AGP significantly decreased, and the unbound fraction of QN in plasma significantly increased. Our results demonstrate that clinical doses of DEX significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of QN, a CYP3A substrate in dogs, by decreasing CYP3A activity and plasma AGP levels. There is a possibility that adverse drug-drug interaction occurs during DEX therapy through its effects on CYP3A activity and plasma AGP levels.     

Multiple oral dosing of ketoconazole influences pharmacokinetics of quinidine after intravenous and oral administration in beagle dogs

In this study, we investigated the effect of multiple oral dosing of ketoconazole (KTZ) on pharmacokinetics of quinidine (QN), a CYP3A substrate with low hepatic clearance, after i.v. and oral administration in beagle dogs. Four dogs were given p.o. KTZ for 20 days (200 mg, b.i.d.). QN was administered either i.v. (1 mg/kg) or p.o. (100 mg) 10 and 20 days before the KTZ treatment and 10 and 20 days after start of KTZ treatment. Multiple oral dosing of KTZ decreased significantly alpha and beta, whereas increased t(1/2beta), V(1), and k(a). The KTZ treatment also decreased significantly both total body clearance (Cl(tot)) and oral clearance (Cl(oral)). No significant change in bioavailability was observed in the presence of KTZ. Co-administration of KTZ increased C(max) of QN to about 1.5-fold. Mean resident time after i.v. administration (MRT(i.v.)), and after oral administration (MRT(p.o.)) of QN were prolonged to about twofold, whereas mean absorption time (MAT) was decreased to 50%. Volume of distribution at steady state (V(d(ss))) of QN was unchanged in the presence of KTZ. These alterations may be because of a decrease in metabolism of QN by inhibition of KTZ on hepatic CYP3A activity. In conclusion, multiple oral dosing of KTZ affected largely pharmacokinetics of QN after i.v. and oral administration in beagle dogs. Therefore, KTZ at a clinical dosing regimen may markedly change the pharmacokinetics of drugs primarily metabolized by CYP3A with low hepatic clearance in dogs. In clinical use, much attention should be paid to concomitant administration of KTZ with the drug when given either p.o. or i.v.     

Nematocidal activities of thiabendazole and ivermectin against the larvae of Strongyloides ratti and S. venezuelensis

With the aim of developing therapeutic agents for strongyloidosis, the disease caused by infection with Strongyloides stercoralis, we established a novel assay technique using S. ratti and S. venezuelensis as models for S. stercoralis. The newly developed assay technique was found to more accurately represent treatment-induced larval paralysis than existing assays. Our method uses paper disks impregnated with the test solution, which even allows materials that are sparingly soluble in water to be tested. An inverted microscope was used to observe the larval states, and these states were recorded using a digital camera. We observed the activities of ivermectin and thiabendazole against larvae and calculated larval motility and velocity. These two factors were then combined to determine the overall viability of larvae at selected concentrations. The activities of the anthelmintics were compared by calculating the concentrations at which 50% viability was demonstrated, or in other words, the concentration at which paralysis was caused in 50% of the individuals (50% paralysis concentration; PC(50)). Evaluations after 24h of exposure yielded the following reproducible PC(50) values for ivermectin and thiabendazole, respectively: S. ratti, 2.4 and 140 microM; and S. venezuelensis, 2.3 and 190 microM. After treatment with ivermectin, there was a tendency for larval motility to be greater than that of the controls at low concentrations, a result that might be associated with its mechanism of action.     

原花青素对玉米赤霉烯酮诱导牦牛颗粒细胞氧化损伤的保护作用研究

旨在探究原花青素（procyanidins,PC）在玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEA）诱导牦牛颗粒细胞产生氧化损伤后,对颗粒细胞生长增殖、抗氧化性以及激素分泌的影响。本试验选取3～5岁的健康牦牛（n=3）,完成卵巢颗粒细胞的分离培养,并通过免疫荧光染色鉴定颗粒细胞纯度。通过CCK-8法分别比较不同浓度ZEA （0（对照组）、5、10、20、40、60、80和100 μmol·mL^-1）、不同浓度PC （0（对照组）、0.05、0.5、2.5、5、10、50和100 μg·mL^-1）以及50 μmol·mL^-1 ZEA+5 μg·mL^-1 PC联合处理对牦牛颗粒细胞活性的影响。通过ELISA法检测对照组（未添加ZEA及PC）、50 μmol·mL^-1 ZEA组和50 μmol·mL^-1ZEA+5 μg·mL^-1PC联合处理组牦牛颗粒细胞活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）以及雌二醇（E₂）水平。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测不同组颗粒细胞中部分增殖生长、凋亡、抗氧化及E₂合成相关基因的表达水平。结果显示,本研究所分离培养得到的细胞表达颗粒细胞标志蛋白FSHR,具有较高的纯度,可以满足后续试验要求。添加不同浓度ZEA后,颗粒细胞活力随着ZEA浓度的升高而显著降低（P<0.05）。在一定浓度范围内（0~5 μg·mL^-1）,随着浓度的上升,PC对颗粒细胞的活力有显著提高作用（P<0.05）,且在浓度为5 μg·mL^-1时对细胞活力的提高作用最明显。与ZEA处理组相比,ZEA与PC联合处理后颗粒细胞的数量增加且细胞活力极显著提高（P<0.05）,颗粒细胞增殖生长相关基因PCNA和IGF-Ⅱ 以及抗凋亡相关基因XIAP和BCL-2的表达显著上调（P<0.05）。相反,促凋亡相关基因BAX和CASP3的表达显著下调（P<0.05）。同时,ZEA+PC联合处理后能显著降低牦牛颗粒细胞活性氧水平并促进颗粒细胞分泌E₂（P<0.05）,颗粒细胞中的抗氧化相关基因SOD2、GPX1及CAT和E₂合成相关基因STAR、CYP11A1及HSD3B的表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。上述结果表明,PC可提高经ZEA处理后颗粒细胞的生长增殖能力,上调颗粒细胞的活力,提高抗氧化能力,降低ROS水平以及提高E₂的分泌水平。综上所述,PC对ZEA诱导的牦牛颗粒细胞氧化损伤有一定保护作用。本研究为ZEA毒性的防治和畜牧业生产中PC的应用提供了一定的研究数据和理论支持。     

Development of high-grade B-cell lymphoma concurrent with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a dog

Second malignancies are frequent complications in human patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, the clinical details and outcome of this phenomenon were unclear in their canine counterparts. Here, we report a dog with high-grade lymphoma concurrent with T-cell CLL. A 10-year-old male golden retriever presented with lymphadenopathies. The lymph nodes contained large-sized lymphocytes, raising suspicion of high-grade lymphoma. Meanwhile, small lymphocytic lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood was consistent with CLL. Interestingly, molecular biological analyses revealed that CLL cells were of the T-cell type, whereas lymphoma cells were of the B-cell type. Chemotherapy using the L-VCA short protocol was effective for 155 days, but the dog died on day 194 after diagnosis, despite rescue therapies.     

利用SYBR Green检测衣原体Real-Time PCR方法的建立

利用SYBR Green建立了检测种特异性衣原体的Real-Time PCR方法。本方法应用衣原体种特异性的高度保守特异引物，能够扩增627bp特异片段；使用定量标准基因组DNA，本方法能准确检测最少250fg衣原体DNA。Real-TimePCR方法与免疫荧光方法的检测结果表明：检测4种衣原体临床样本，Real-TimePCR敏感性均在96％～98%；特异性均为100％；这两种方法符合率达97％以上（n=60）；批内和批间重复性试验结果表明，本方法具有良好的准确性。本方法的建立对于快速、准确检测临床样本种特异性衣原体提供了一种切实有效的方法。     

Cooperia punctata trickle infections: parasitological parameters and evaluation of a Cooperia recombinant 14.2 kDa protein ELISA for estimating cumulative exposure of calves

We examined the effects of isoquinoline alkaloids in vitro in an effort to identify a treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis larva migrans in humans. Infective third-stage larvae of S. ratti and S. venezuelensis were used as model nematodes for S. stercoralis. Nematocidal activity was evaluated by the 50% paralysis concentration (PC(50)). Most of the tested isoquinoline alkaloids had activity for S. ratti and S. venezuelensis. We then evaluated in vitro cytotoxicity, which was the 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of the compounds using HL60 tissue-culture cells. Three of the compounds (protopine, D-corydaline, and L-stylopine) which exhibited strong nematocidal activity, showed little cytotoxicity. In addition, we examined the relationship between nematocidal activity and cytotoxicity using the PC(50)/IC(50) ratio. A ratio equivalent to or lower than that calculated for the currently prescribed strongyloidosis treatments, ivermectin, albendazole and thiabendazole, was observed for allocryptopine, protopine, dehydrocorydaline, D-corydaline, L-stylopine, and papaverine. In contrast, the PC(50)/IC(50) ratios for protopine, D-corydaline, and L-stylopine were substantially more favorable. Therefore, protopine, D-corydaline, and L-stylopine were identified as potential effective treatments for strongyloidosis.     

Phenotypic characterization of canine lymphoma, using monoclonal antibodies and a microlymphocytotoxicity assay

Cells acquired from lymph node biopsy specimens obtained from 58 dogs scheduled to undergo chemotherapy for lymphoma were immunophenotyped, using a microlymphocytotoxicity (MLCT) assay comprising a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAB) specific for canine cell surface antigens. Cells from 54 of the dogs concurrently were tested cytofluorometrically, using surface immunoglobulin (SIg) as a marker for B cells and the MAB DT2 specific for peripheral blood T cells. The MLCT results indicated frequent coexpression of antigens identified by DT2 antibody and, to a lesser extent, by 1A1 antibody on SIg-positive cells, suggesting that these antigens may be associated with other types of less-differentiated lymphoid cells, in addition to being associated with mature T cells. Class-II major histocompatibility antigens, as recognized by MAB H81.98.71, HB10a, and H40.315.7, were detected on most SIg-positive cells, but generally were lacking on SIg-negative, DT2-negative cells. The MAB Wig4, reactive with canine monocytes, recognized relatively few cells (11 of 58). Response to chemotherapy was not correlated with reactivity to MAB DLy6 specific for resting lymphocytes or to MAB W3G10 specific for a polymorphic antigen associated with the canine major histocompatibility complex. The MLCT assay appears to be efficient, rapid, and inexpensive for immunophenotyping cells from lymphoma biopsy specimens.     

酸马奶源发酵乳杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌O8的体外抑菌研究

为了探究天然发酵酸马奶中发酵乳杆菌对致病性大肠杆菌O₈（E.coli O₈）的抑菌机理,本试验从酸马奶中分离筛选出抑菌效果最佳的菌株,对其进行16S rDNA序列鉴定,经NCBI网站BLAST对比鉴定菌种;对菌株进行培养发酵,制备无细胞发酵上清液（CFS）;通过排酸、排过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、不同蛋白酶处理等方法初步确定CFS中的抑菌活性物质性质及其含量;采用牛津杯法和二倍稀释法确定CFS对致病性E.coli O₈ 24 h生长曲线的最佳抑菌浓度;试剂盒法测定CFS对致病性E.coli O₈的细胞膜和细胞壁通透性的影响。结果显示,从酸马奶中分离出22株对致病性E.coli O₈有抑制作用的菌株,对抑菌作用最好的菌株进行16S rDNA序列鉴定及系统进化树分析后确定其为发酵乳杆菌属;CFS中主要的抑菌物质为蛋白,含量为399.5 μg/mL;最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）分别为25.0和49.9 μg/mL;CFS能使致病性E.coli O₈的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）含量在1 h内快速升高,之后呈缓慢增长趋势,且使致病菌培养液中的蛋白含量明显升高。综上所述,发酵乳杆菌CFS的主要抑菌物质为蛋白,蛋白浓度越高抑菌能力越强;CFS通过破坏或改变致病性E.coli O₈细胞膜和细胞壁的通透性,使其释放出AKP和胞内蛋白,从而在短时间内起到抑制致病性E.coli O₈生长的作用。     

Lack of inhibitory effects of several fluoroquinolones on cytochrome P-450 3A activities at clinical dosage in dogs

Inhibitory effects of several fluoroquinolones (FQs) on liver CYP3A activities were examined by in vitro and in vivo tests in dogs. Midazolam (MDZ) hydroxylation rate was used to determine the CYP3A activities in liver microsomes. Enrofloxacin (EFX), ofloxacin (OFX) orbifloxacin (OBFX) and ciprofloxacin (CFX) were tested. None of the FQs changed Vmax, Km or intrinsic clearance (Vmax/Km) of MDZ. For in vivo test, we examined the effects of oral administration of EFX and OFX on the pharmacokinetics of quinidine (QN), a CYP3A substrate. EFX or OFX (10 mg/kg) was administered once a day for 3 days. QN (2 mg/kg) was intravenously injected at 2 h after the final dose of FQs administration. The same dose of QN was intravenously injected 3 weeks before the start of FQs administration for control. Neither EFX nor OFX changed the pharmacokinetic parameters of QN. These in vitro and in vivo consisted results suggest that these FQs lack the inhibitory effects on CYP3A activities in dogs. Hence, given these results, the risk of drug-drug interaction is unlikely to occur between FQs and CYP3A substrates in clinical situation in dogs.