橡胶树气刺微割高效割胶技术对比试验

比较相同条件的老龄割胶树位采用d4气刺微割、d3抗病增胶灵和d2乙烯利水剂进行不同割胶频率刺激割胶的生产情况,结果表明不同频率割胶产量及用工效率差异明显,降低采胶频率,割胶刀次减少,干胶产量下降7%～20%,干胶含量相当,株次产量差异显著,d4气刺微割株次产显著高于d3抗病增胶灵和d2乙烯利水剂刺激割胶。d4气刺微割省工明显,日用工时比d3和d2刺激割胶节省31.25%,年用工时分别比d3和d2刺激割胶节约用工10.42%、22.5%;年度用工效率d4气刺微割分别为d2和d3刺激割胶的5.2倍、3.8倍,用工效率d3与d2相比提高1.4倍;人均割胶劳动效率d4气刺微割比d2和d3刺激割胶分别提高3.6倍和3.2倍。气刺微割采胶速度快,产量稳定,死皮恢复好,耗皮节省能延长胶树经济寿命,通过降低割胶频率可以增加人均日割株与承割岗位数,大幅提高人均产量和效益,配以轻简化采收技术的推广应用,完善高产高效采胶技术,能有效提高割胶劳动生产率。     

浅析橡胶树气刺微割技术

介绍了气刺微割技术的概念、原理和技术发展过程,分析了气刺微割技术的实用性能,从技术、投资、基础研究等方面探讨了气刺微割技术存在的问题,阐述了气刺微割技术未来的发展方向.     

浅析橡胶树气刺微割技术

介绍了气刺微割技术的概念、原理和技术发展过程,分析了气刺微割技术的实用性能,从技术、投资、基础研究等方面探讨了气刺微割技术存在的问题,阐述了气刺微割技术未来的发展方向。     

低割面阴刀(由下往上割)新割胶技术综述及初探

综述了国内外橡胶树低割面阴刀割胶技术的研究结果.河口农场初试亦表明低割面阴刀割胶比常规割制有胶乳干含和产量提高、死皮明显降低的显著效果。     

西双版纳垦区1/2S.1/2d割制强度的调适

<正> 西双版纳垦区在割胶生产上,迄今仍不分品系、割龄,普遍采用1/2S·1/2d(不加刺激)强度为100％的割胶制度。显然,这是不科学的,并且由于长期在割胶刀数和深度上控制不严,已造成了橡胶树的大量死皮,影响了经济效益。因此,根据西双版纳的气候特点与橡胶树的产胶排胶规律的关系,应从割胶刀数和割胶深度上来调节采用1/2S·1/2d割制的不同品系、不同树龄的割胶强度,以保护和提高产胶能力,使整个生产周期持续高产稳产。本文仅就上述问题进行讨论,提出浅见。     

云南微割采胶新技术试验初报

报道了云南第一年橡胶树微割试验结果,微割处理干胶产量,净增产率为7.08%～27.09%;干胶含量略低于对照;割胶速度为对照的2～3倍;耗皮量为对照的20%～25%;胶乳生理参数保持正常水平。     

云南江城橡胶树气刺微割试验初报

2014年云南江城橡胶公司进行了气刺微割采胶新技术试验示范,结果认为气刺微割技术能有效开发老龄胶树产胶潜力,增产10%~30%,提高劳动生产率1倍以上;鉴于试验中表现出气刺微割处理死皮病发病率明显高于对照,提出采用气刺微割采胶新技术应增施肥料和控制增产幅度在10%~20%。     

基于GIS的西双版纳天然橡胶气象信息服务系统

利用GIS技术建立西双版纳实时气象数据和橡胶种植信息数据库,应用于橡胶树割胶生产的监督与管理,建立起一套适用的橡胶树开割、停割预报模式,从而对西双版纳州的橡胶种植区域及区域内实时天气(降水、温度)情况进行适时查询、监测、预报,最大限度的减少不利气象条件对橡胶树割胶生产造成的损失。     

橡胶无性系应用乙烯利改革割胶制度试验的研究

<正> 自从一九六七年马来西亚应用乙烯利刺激橡胶树获得大幅度增产效果以来,世界各主要植胶国都广泛开展了对乙烯利刺激割胶的研究,取得了很大的成绩,并且逐步总结了一套刺激增产技术。乙烯利刺激在割胶生产上已得到应用和推广。我国从一九七一年开始,广东、广西、云南、福建等垦区也先后开展了乙烯利刺激割胶的试验研究,大量资料表明,乙烯利刺激割胶具有增产、降低成本、省工、省皮的明显效果。     

橡胶树品种云研77-2、云研77-4早期产胶特点研究

对橡胶树高产抗寒新品种云研77-2、云研77-4早期(1-7割年)产量特性研究结果:开割后产量逐年大幅上升,产量水平高于对照品种GT1,在第4割年开始乙烯利刺激割胶后,产量大幅下降,低于对照;云研77-4产量变化幅度最大,云研77-2次之,对照GT1变幅不明显,表现出云研77-2、云研77-4早期高产,产量增幅大和不耐乙烯利刺激的产胶特点;对乙烯利刺激不同的耐受力是橡胶树品种重要的产胶特点之一。     

乙烯利刺激对橡胶树热研7-33-97幼龄开割树的乳胶生理影响

通过对未开割胶树进行2％乙烯利刺激,在刺激后的6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h、72 h和CK （未用乙烯利刺激）割胶,分析对橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97幼龄开割树的乳胶生理影响。结果表明,乙烯利刺激稀释胶乳后72 h发生强烈稀释,蔗糖在刺激后48 h开始大量转运进入乳管;乙烯利刺激不同时间后割胶,与对照CK相比：随着割胶刀次递增,干胶含量递减,蔗糖、无机磷（除刺激24 h和72 h外）和硫醇含量在第2刀出现1个最低点,随后逐步升高。差异显著性分析表明,刺激72 h后割胶与短时间刺激干胶含量差异显著,长时间刺激（24 h）后割胶与短时间刺激（6～12 h）割胶蔗糖含量差异显著,72 h内刺激割胶无机磷含量差异不显著。故涂乙烯利刺激72 h后割胶较合适。     

浅谈西双版纳州民营橡胶割胶技术培训的实践与体会

通过多年从事民营橡胶割胶技术培训的实践与感受,阐述了西双版纳州民营橡胶业在割胶技术方面仍然存在基本技能差、知识匮乏、缺乏系统培训、割胶技术标准贯彻和执行差等重要问题,制约着生产力的提高;提出通过提高培训质量、改进培训方法、增加培训经费、加大技术示范和推广力度等手段,整体推进民营橡胶割胶技术的建议.     

百花山野生观赏植物资源及园林应用

通过对百花山野生植物资源的调查和整理，筛选出了有较高观赏价值的种类，对其主要观赏性状及园林用途做了详细的分类，并对其开发利用途径进行了探讨。     

Carbohydrate reserves as a competing sink: evidence from tapping rubber trees

Carbohydrate reserve storage in trees is usually considered a passive function, essentially buffering temporary discrepancies between carbon availability and demand in the annual cycle. Recently, however, the concept has emerged that storage might be a process that competes with other active sinks for assimilate. We tested the validity of this concept in Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg. (rubber) trees, a species in which carbon availability can be manipulated by tapping, which induces latex regeneration, a high carbon-cost activity. The annual dynamics of carbohydrate reserves were followed during three situations of decreasing carbon availability: control (no tapping), tapped and tapped with Ethephon stimulation. In untapped control trees, starch and sucrose were the main carbohydrate compounds. Total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), particularly starch, were depleted following bud break and re-foliation, resulting in an acropetal gradient of decreasing starch concentration in the stem wood. During the vegetative season, TNC concentration increased. At the end of the vegetative season, there were almost no differences in TNC concentration along the trunk. In tapped trees, the vertical gradient of starch concentration was locally disturbed by the presence of the tapping cut. However, the main effect of tapping was a dramatic increase in TNC concentration, particularly starch, throughout the trunk and in the root. The difference in TNC concentration between tapped and untapped trees was highest when latex production was highest (October); the difference was noticeable even in areas of the trees that are unlikely to be directly involved in latex regeneration, and it was enhanced by Ethephon stimulation, which is known to increase latex metabolism and flow duration. Thus, contrary to what could be expected if reserves serve as a passive buffer, a decrease in carbohydrate availability resulted in a net increase in carbohydrate reserves at the trunk scale. Such behavior supports the view that trees tend to adjust the amount of carbohydrate reserves stored to the level of metabolic demand, at the possible expense of growth.     

Growth performance and gum arabic production of Acacia senegal in northwest lowlands of Ethiopia

Despite the wide distribution of natural stands of Acacia senegal in Ethiopia, commercial exploitation of gum arabic is constrained by lack of tapping and development techniques. We evaluated the gum arabic yield from natural stands of A. senegal and the growth of 6 provenances in different parts of the country. For the gum yield evaluation from natural stands, four tapping positions and three tapping seasons were tested in a factorial RCB design. The second experiment in Metema evaluated survival and growth of six provenances. A. senegal trees in natural stands respond well to tapping if tapped during the appropriate season and at the correct position on the tree. The mean gum yield did not vary significantly by tapping season (p=0.63). Higher mean yield was, however, collected from trees tapped in October (96 g·tree^?1 per two harvests). The mean yield differed significantly (p=0.009) between the tapping positions. Mean separation (α=0.05) shows that trees tapped at mid stem gave higher yield (160 g·tree^?1 per two harvests). The interaction effect of tapping season and position was not significant. Higher mean yield ((70 ± 112) g·tree^?1) was recorded in mid October-mid stem in two harvests. The second experiment indicated statistically significant difference in mean survival (p=0.0298), height (p=0.000) and root collar diameter (RCD), (p=0.012) between the six provenances. Highest survival, height and root collar diameter growth was observed from Abderafi provenance (100%, (148±11) cm, (38±11) mm, respectively). We recommend October and mid-stem and branches as appropriate tapping season and position. We recommend planting of the Abderafi provenance for the study area due to its superior growth and survival. Our study contributes to the proper selection of provenances for plantation development and improved tapping technology for better production of gum arabic in the country.     

森林游憩开发中的盈利模式研究

森林游憩的深度开发 ,呼唤盈利模式的研究与运用。尝试提出森林游憩开发的技术路线 ,并对其开发的盈利模式进行探讨。     

Effect of tapping tools and date of tapping on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acacia polyacantha</Emphasis> gum yield in South Kordofan State,Sudan

A study was conducted in South Kordofan, Sudan to determine the effect of tapping, tapping tools and date of tapping on the gum yield of Acacia polyacantha. A two-factor experiment was conducted for two seasons in 2008-2009. One location was used for two seasons and two locations for one season. The first factor (4 levels) was the tools of tapping: Makmak, Farrar, and Sonki, and the control which was not tapped. The second factor (2 levels) was the date of tapping that comprises mid October and mid November. These treatments were arranged in Randomaized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Gum yield (g/tree and g/ picking) was recorded for five pickings. Economic analysis was done using the partial budget technique. The results showed highly significant (p < 0.01) differences on gum yield (g/picking and g/tree). The results indicated that the process of tapping increases gum production by 88.4% and 79.8% compared with un-tapped trees, respectively. The date of tapping has no significant effect on gum yield (g/tree and g/picking) of A. polyacantha. Tapping of the tree with Makmak in mid- November was found to be economically beneficial compared to using the other tools and the control. These results could identify a new source of income for the poor farmers in South Kordofan mainly because of the wild occurrence of Kakamut as a potential gum producing tree species grown naturally in the area.     

驼梁山野生观赏植物资源调查研究

分析研究了驼梁山野生观赏植物的种类、分布以及园林用途,简要介绍了30种观赏价值较高的观赏植物,并对保护开发这些资源提出了建议,为丰富和突出驼梁山旅游资源以及园林特色,开发利用野生观赏植物提供了基础依据。     

橡胶芽接树RRIM600不同割制比较试验

１—６割龄ＲＲＩＭ６００不同割胶制度比较试验的结果表明，１—３割龄以采用ｓ／２ｄ／３割制，４割龄后转为ｓ／２ｄ／２割制为好。胶树茎围增长快，死皮轻，后期产量也高。     

对橡胶树不同品种实行新割制后存在状况的调查与思考

对云南景洪农场六作业区橡胶树RRIM600、PR107、GT1、云研1号等品种实行刺激割胶新割制后的存在状况进行调查,结果表明:胶树的病残株率随着割龄的增加而增高,在开割7年后现存株率、有效割株率及单位面积有效割株数随着树龄的增加而降低;RRIM600在所有割龄段中,相对于其它参试品种表现出较强的适应性,存株率、有效割株率及单位面积有效割株数明显较高、死皮明显较轻。研究提出应在更大范围去深入调查,再认识RRIM600的优良性状,作出新的评价,合理地应用于生产。