The problems of vaccination against chlamydial abortion in sheep]

Different vaccines used against chlamydial abortion in sheep are described. Problems associated with insufficient immunity after vaccination are discussed. Reasons for failure of certain vaccine preparations are addressed. Finally new developments in vaccine production are introduced which might be useful in solving problems still existing in the prevention of chlamydial abortion in sheep by vaccination.     

草鱼免疫防病技术操作方法

近几年北方地区水产养殖业迅猛发展,地区间商品鱼外调减缓,传统的以鲤鱼为主的养殖模式已不适应消费市场需要,草鱼在淡水常规饲养鱼类中,一直受到消费者的喜爱,市场价格持续稳定,养殖前景看好.但一些养鱼户想调整养殖品种结构,加大草鱼放养比例或向精养方向发展,而又不敢.     

The effectiveness and safety of an immunization against parvovirus and rabies in anesthetized puppies

The efficacy and safety of a vaccination during anaesthesia was examined in 20 puppies from 8 litters of one kennel. The animals were vaccinated in a state of reflex-free anaesthesia (neuroleptanalgesia in combination with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen). 20 puppies from the same litters were used as controls. A parvovirus living vaccine (Canimed) and a rabies vaccine from inactivated viruses (Rabisin) were used for the vaccinations. The titers of neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus were significantly lower in the group of anaesthetized animals compared to the control group on the 10th and 20th day p.vacc. The average titers of antibodies against parvovirus of both groups, however, do not allow any statistically significant statements. It is nevertheless remarkable that 6 of the anaesthetized puppies (three different litters) showed no increase in antibodies. The results of the investigations lead to the recommendation not to vaccinate anaesthetized puppies. The risk of reducing the efficacy of vaccinations with vaccines from inactivated agents is greater than with living vaccines.     

Passive immunization of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), against Flavobacterium psychrophilum,the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome

Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (CWD) and rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), causes high mortality in cultured salmonids. The present study was designed to determine the role antibody plays in conferring protection to rainbow trout fry, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), by passive immunization with convalescent serum or serum from adult rainbow trout immunized with F. psychrophilum, and goat anti-F. psychrophilum serum. In each experiment, rainbow trout fry were injected intraperitoneally with antiserum and challenged by subcutaneous injection with a virulent strain (CSF-259-93) of F. psychrophilum 24-h post-immunization. Relative percentage survival (RPS) ranged from 9-42% when rainbow trout fry (mean weight 1.3 g) were injected with a 1:2 dilution of 25 microL of convalescent serum ranging in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titres from 1600-102400. Rainbow trout fry (mean weight 1.0 g) passively immunized with 25 microL of serum from immunized adult fish exhibited RPS values of up to 57%. In each of these experiments, RPS increased with increasing antibody titres against F. psychrophilum. Passive immunization with 25 or 50 microL goat anti-F. psychrophilum serum, however, did not confer protection to fry (mean weight 1.3 g). These results suggest that trout antibody plays a role in conferring protection to F. psychrophilum, but antibody alone is unable to provide complete protection.     

半滑舌鳎池塘及工厂化养殖技术要点

半滑舌鳎俗名龙力、鳎板、鳎米鱼,为我国传统的名贵鱼类,分布在我国黄渤海、东海、南海海域,是常见的大型舌鳎。雌鱼的体长可达80cm、体重为2．5kg～3kg,雄鱼体长可达30cm、体重0．3kg～0．4kg。半滑舌     

Monoclonal antibodies against the structural proteins of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus isolates

Abstract. Five VHSV isolates from different host species and Spanish geographical locations and three viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) international reference serotypes (F₁, F₂ and 23˙75) were studied by several characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) including a neutralizing MAb to four structural proteins of VHSV. We report here the lack of reaction between anti-M1 and some of the isolates of VHSV and the homogeneity of most of the isolates with respect to the MAbs tested. The reagents obtained will improve diagnostic tests which currently use polyclonal antibodies.     

A new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhea virus]

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using the nonstructural protein p125/80 of the bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus as antigen, was used for screening BVD-specific antibodies in 468 bovine sera. The results were compared with those obtained in a standard neutralization test (NT). Both tests reacted positive with 457 sera. The ELISA gave positive results with eight sera which were negative in the NT whereas one serum was positive in the NT and negative in the ELISA. Two sera could not be tested in the NT because they were toxic for the cultured cells. In addition the sera were screened in an ELISA using the equivalent heterologous nonstructural protein of hog cholera virus as antigen. The results obtained in both ELISAs showed a correlation of 94%.     

The significance of sheep and goats as carriers of zoonoses in this country]

The significance of sheep and goats in this country in connection with the zoonoses rabies, tick-borne encephalitis, contagious ecthyma, Q-fever, chlamydiosis, brucellosis, campylobacteriosis, echinococcosis and toxoplasmosis is discussed.     

不同季节刺参养殖池塘水体菌群结构与功能特征研究

为解析不同季节刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖池塘水体菌群结构与功能特征,本研究选取中国北方典型岸基半开放刺参养殖池塘为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段,分别构建了辽宁长海刺参养殖池塘四季水体菌群16S rRNA基因测序文库.结果显示,辽宁长海刺参养殖池塘水体菌群丰度和多样性以夏...     

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against Pasteurella piscicida, the causative agent of fish pasteurellosis

Six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against Pasteurella piscicida whole cells, cultured under iron limitation conditions, were characterized and specificity tested. Two of the mabs (WE15H1D7 and WE3D6C11) appeared to be specific for P. piscicida lipopolysaccharide, while mabs WE14C10F9 and WE12D7D8 crossreacted with Photobacterium species. The remaining two mabs, WE9D6D8 and VP4B11, crossreacted with other bacterial genera. All mabs reacted with material present in the extracellular products of the pathogen as well as to whole cells, suggesting that the antigens to which antibodies are directed slough off the cell membranes or are secreted to the culture medium. The potential of the mabs as tools for the diagnosis of pasteurellosis is discussed.     

亚甲基蓝在珍珠漂白加工中的应用

本研究设计用亚甲基蓝作为珍珠荧光增白工序中的调色剂,利用亚甲基蓝在某些特殊溶剂中呈现出的淡蓝色,当它渗透到珍珠球体上与表层的淡黄光彩混合互补后成为白光,使这种影响珍珠品位的黄色从视觉上消失,而达到提高白度的目的。亚甲基蓝是一种氧化还原染料,广泛的用于织物,纸张,生物制品的染色以及配制混和指示剂等［１］。将它应用于珍珠漂白工艺中尚未见报道。１　材料与方法１１　实验材料１１１　颜色较深的三角帆蚌出蚌原珠。有黄色系列,依照深浅程度有黄色（Ｙ＋）、金黄色（Ｙ＋＋）;红色系列,依照颜色深浅有红色原珠…     

新加坡观赏渔业分析及对我国的借鉴意义

当今,在水族箱内饲养观赏鱼已遍及全球,已成为一种休闲时尚,可以说,每类观赏鱼的发展,都是一个长期文化交流和贸易交往的结果。从观赏鱼的出口量情况看,新加坡最大,而且新加坡观赏鱼管理制度化、组织化、规范化、普及化,重视观赏鱼养殖的可持续发展,是中国观赏鱼外向型发展应该吸取的;对于中国观赏鱼产业健康全面发展面临的挑战,更应值得深思,而且观赏渔业作为一个新兴产业,在促进社会主义精神文明建设和国民经济的快速发展等方面有非常重要的意义。     

The diagnostic significance of the protein-creatinine ratio in urine for the differentiation of feline nephropathies

The normal U-P/C-range in cats was established with urine samples of 19 cats. The upper limiting value was fixed at 0.33 (mean +/- 2s). U-P/C is a reliable parameter for diagnosing proteinuria in the uremic cat. However, only very high U-P/C-values allow a conclusion on the type of nephropathy, whereas with moderately increased U-P/C values, do not allow any distinction between feline nephropathies.     

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the serological detection of antibodies against the European hog cholera virus]

An ELISA for the detection of antibodies against hog cholera virus (HCV) was developed. The HCV-specific glycoprotein gp53 served as diagnostic antigen after immobilization using a monoclonal capture antibody. Due to the higher affinity of HCV-specific antibodies to the viral gp53, sera cross reacting with bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus were discriminated by the slope of the titration curves.     

Particular problems for the conservation of diadromous fish

1. Known diadromous fish number <250 species, and <1.5% of fish species. 2. They comprise ca. 3% of species regarded as ‘endangered’. 3. Amongst them are species of great importance to fisheries, and out of proportion to their number. 4. They occupy complexes of connected habitats between or through which passage is needed at two or more life history phases. 5. They therefore pose special problems for conservation which relate to: a. diversity of habitats; b. huge areas occupied; c. the spatial separation of the various habitats used; d. need for fish passage; e. often heavy exploitation. 6. These problems are often the opposite of those experienced with species that occupy local habitats and which are in danger of local extirpation.     

半滑舌鳎头部无眼侧皮肤表面特殊感受器的电生理反应

采用电生理学方法对半滑舌鳎头部无眼侧皮肤表面特殊感受器的感觉生理功能进行研究。结果表明,机械刺激时,无眼侧特殊感受器神经产生诱导放电信号,表明无眼侧特殊结构能对机械刺激产生反应;化学物质刺激时,随着反应浓度的增加,无眼侧特殊感受器神经的诱导信号的反应幅度和频率明显增加,表明无眼侧特殊结构对化学刺激产生反应;不同化学物质刺激强弱顺序:沙蚕提取液>L-精氨酸>L-甲硫氨酸>L-赖氨酸>L-组氨酸>二甲亚砜>L-甘氨酸>L-丙氨酸。实验表明,无眼侧特殊结构具有对机械刺激和化学刺激产生反应的双重感觉功能。据推测,这种皮肤感觉器官可能是一种与摄食有关的,在摄食中发挥积极作用的体表感觉器官。     

The market value of freshness: observations from the swordfish and blue shark longline fishery

One important component in determining the market value of fish is freshness, essentially the time period from capture to consumer. By shortening the time from harvest to landing, freshness can be improved and thus the market value may increase. The opportunistic nature of the marine capture fisheries sector, however, can encourage fishers to extend their time at sea to catch additional fish, while retaining already harvested fish. Here, fishers face a tradeoff: extending the duration of their operations, but compromising their ability to maintain product freshness. This study estimates the freshness premium for two fish species, swordfish and blue shark, landed at Kesennuma, Japan. Swordfish is generally destined for the raw market, while blue shark is first processed into several products. Our results suggest substantial heterogeneity in the freshness premium, depending on the likelihood of a product being consumed fresh or after processing. This work is an important investigation in the Kesennuma region, which suffered devastating damage from the tsunami following the Tohoku Earthquake.     

Use of flubendazole as a therapeutic agent against rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) in intensive cultures of the harpacticoid copepod Tisbe holothuriae

Copepods are well known to be the optimal live feed for most species of marine fish larvae. Still copepods are rarely used in marine hatcheries worldwide. Lack of efficient production techniques are among the reasons for this. Consequently, Artemia and rotifers are utilized in commercial settings. One problem in intensive production of copepods is contamination with rotifers. Rotifers have higher growth rates than copepods and consequently will compete out the copepods when accidentally introduced to the copepod production systems. Once contamination has occurred, the only cure has been to shut down production and subsequently use a therapeutic agent to eliminate all zooplankton in the system before restart with a stock culture free of rotifers. We tested flubendazole as a mean of controlling rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) in intensive laboratory cultures of the harpacticoid copepod (Tisbe holothuria). Flubendazole was lethal to rotifers in concentrations as low as 0.05 mg L^?1. There was no significant effect on the concentration of copepods, even at the highest concentration tested, i.e. 5.0 mg L^?1 flubendazole. We conclude that flubendazole is an effective drug for control of B. plicatilis in T. holothuriae batch cultures.