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饲粮中添加谷氨酸钠可改善黄羽肉鸡肉品风味广东省农业科学院畜牧研究所马现永等就饲粮中添加谷氨酸钠对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及肉品风味的影响进行了研究。将800只42日龄岭南黄羽肉鸡按照体重随机分为4组,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、270、540、1080mg/kg谷氨酸钠的饲粮,饲喂至63日龄时结束试验。     

水飞蓟素对快大型黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、脂质代谢和胆汁酸代谢相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究水飞蓟素对快大型黄羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、脂质代谢和胆汁酸代谢相关基因表达的影响。试验选取288羽1日龄的快大型黄羽肉鸡母雏,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12羽。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加250（低剂量）、500（中剂量）和750 g/t（高剂量）水飞蓟素的饲粮。试验期56 d,其中1～28日龄为试验前期,29～56日龄为试验后期。结果表明：1）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加水飞蓟素可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡各阶段的末重、平均日增重以及前期平均日采食量（P<0.05）,并显著降低各阶段料重比（P<0.05）。2）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加中、高剂量水飞蓟素能够显著降低黄羽肉鸡腹脂率（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加水飞蓟素能够显著提高黄羽肉鸡28日龄血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（高剂量除外）,显著降低28和56日龄血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量（P<0.05）;饲粮中添加低、中剂量水飞蓟素能够显著降低黄羽肉鸡56日龄血清甘油三酯含量（P<0.05）。4）与对照组相比,饲粮中添加水飞蓟素可以显著降低黄羽肉鸡28日龄肝...     

延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

[目的]在基础日粮中添加适量延胡索酸,对比其替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响。[方法]将90只1日龄黄羽肉鸡,随机分成3个处理组,每组设3个重复。其中,阴性对照组试验鸡只饲喂基础日粮,不添加任何抗生素成分;阳性对照组在基础饲粮中添加饲用抗生素;试验组在基础饲粮中添加2 g/kg延胡索酸。试验全程饲养管理条件相同。[结果]42日龄之前,试验组黄羽肉鸡平均体重均高于阳性对照组及阴性对照组,其中42日龄的平均体重比阴性对照组高21%。[结论]在基础日粮中添加2 g/kg的延胡索酸替代饲用抗生素饲喂黄羽肉鸡在其生长前期(42日龄之前)效果较好。     

蛋氨酸形式和饲粮蛋白质水平对黄羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

选用1日龄快长型岭南黄羽肉鸡公雏1500只,随机分为5个处理,每处理6个重复,每重复50只鸡,分别饲喂以下5种饲粮:正常蛋白质加Alimet饲粮(处理1)、正常蛋白质加DLM饲粮(处理2)、低蛋白质(比正常水平降低约1.5个百分点)加Alimet饲粮(处理3)、低蛋白质加DLM组饲粮(处理4)、正常蛋白质未加蛋氨酸饲粮(处理5)。结果表明,在等摩尔量有效成分添加基础上,Alimet比DLM更有利于提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,降低饲料成本和死亡率;饲粮蛋白质水平和蛋氨酸形式对43～63日龄和0～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能的影响存在互作效应,表现为在正常蛋白质水平时添加Alimet对黄羽肉鸡生长性能的改善效果优于DLM,且更有利于降低饲料成本,而在低蛋白质水平时添加Alimet和DLM则无显著差异;在本试验条件下,降低饲粮蛋白质水平会对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能、饲料成本和成活率产生不利影响。     

复合乳酸菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、胃肠道pH、肠道形态和盲肠微生物的影响

本研究旨在探究复合乳酸菌制剂(CLP)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、组织器官指数、胃肠道pH、肠道形态以及盲肠微生物数量的影响.选取1日龄体重相近、健康状况良好的黄羽肉鸡母鸡2100只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复70只.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加120 mg/kg的恩拉霉素,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加...     

不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡小肠绒毛形态结构和黏膜生长抑素mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在比较研究小麦型饲粮中添加不同来源木聚糖酶对黄羽肉鸡小肠绒毛形态结构和黏膜生长抑素(SS)mRNA表达的影响.选择22日龄、体重相近的健康黄羽肉鸡375羽,随机分成3个组,每组5个重复,每重复25羽.对照组饲喂小麦型基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加250 mL/t真菌性和细菌性木聚糖酶的试验饲粮,试...     

厚朴总酚对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究厚朴总酚对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡360只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮;抗生素组1～28日龄饲喂基础饲粮+20 mg/kg抗敌素和12 mg/kg黄霉素,29～56日龄饲喂基础饲粮+12 mg/kg黄霉素;厚朴总酚添加组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加50、150和250 mg/kg厚朴总酚的饲粮。试验期56 d。结果表明:1) 29～56日龄和1～56日龄,50 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡平均日采食量显著高于抗生素组(P0.05),黄羽肉鸡料重比随厚朴总酚添加水平的提高呈现二次变化(P0.05)。2) 56日龄时,50和150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌pH(45 min和24 h)与抗生素组相比显著提高(P0.05),且150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌肉色45 min红度值显著高于其他各组(P0.05),150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡胸肌滴水损失(24 h)和失水率显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P0.05)。3) 28日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶活性与抗生素组差异不显著(P0.05),且血清SOD活性显著高于其他组(P0.05); 56日龄时,150 mg/kg厚朴总酚添加组黄羽肉鸡肝脏丙二醛含量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加厚朴总酚能提高黄羽肉鸡生长性能,改善肉品质,增强抗氧化功能,且以150 mg/kg的添加水平为佳。     

Lipoic Acid: Effects on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function in Yellow-Feathered Broilers

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响.将60只21日龄体重相近的黄羽肉鸡随机分为2组,即对照组和硫辛酸组,每组5个重复,每个重复6只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,硫辛酸组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg硫辛酸的试验饲粮,试验期30 d.结果表明,硫辛酸对黄羽肉鸡的生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)；在试验第15天时,硫辛酸可以显著提高黄羽肉鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P＜0.05)、降低一氧化氮含量(P＜0.05),促进脾脏的发育(P＜0.05),提高血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P＜0.01)；在试验第30天时,硫辛酸可以显著降低黄羽肉鸡血清丙二醛含量(P＜0.05)、提高抑制羟自由基的能力(P＜0.01),提高由伴刀豆球蛋白A和脂多糖刺激的外周血淋巴细胞转化率以及血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P＜0.05).由本试验可知,饲粮中添加300 mg/kg硫辛酸可以在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化能力,增强其免疫功能.     

日龄和饲粮添加大麦虫粉对黄羽肉鸡肠道结构、紧密连接蛋白和防御肽mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究黄羽肉鸡早期发育过程中肠道结构和功能发育的变化,以及在饲粮中添加大麦虫粉对其肠道结构和功能发育的影响.选取90只1日龄健康的黄羽肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复5只鸡.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加300 g/t 15％金霉素和40 g/t 50％维吉尼亚霉素的饲粮,大麦虫...     

红树内生菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨红树内生菌对肉鸡生产性能、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响.选取1日龄黄羽肉鸡240只,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡(公鸡10只,母鸡5只).试鸡分别饲喂4种饲粮,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.05％、0.15％和0.45％红树内生菌的试验饲粮,试验期为21 ...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.