异育银鲫对十种蛋白质饲料原料的消化率

<正>消化率是评定饲料原料营养成分可利用性的常用手段,本试验所选的饲料原料涵盖了饲料生产中主要的动物性和植物性蛋白源。通过评价异育银鲫对不同饲料蛋白源的消化率,以期为开发适用于异育银鲫的人工配合饲料提供依据,同时也可补充、丰富其它水产动物饲料蛋白源研究的基础资料。     

复合酶制剂对异育银鲫生长和饲料表观消化率的影响

选择360条体重6.71g左右的健康异育银鲫研究在基础饲料中分别添加0、100、200mg/kg和400mg/kg的复合酶制剂对异育银鲫生长和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验期为56d。试验结果表明,添加200mg/kg复合酶制剂组异育银鲫的增重率和特定生长率最大,显著高于对照(P<0.05);且该组异育银鲫对饲料粗蛋白质、磷及能量表观消化率最高,饲料系数最低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。说明添加200mg/kg复合酶制剂可显著提高异育银鲫对饲料的表观消化率,促进异育银鲫的生长,同时有效降低饲料系数。     

龙须菜对异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%（D1）、6%（D2）、9%（D3）、12%（D4）、15%（D5）龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异（P<0.05）;D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）,D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降（P<0.05）;D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高（P<0.05）,而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。     

酵母水解物对异育银鲫生长和免疫性能的影响

为考察酵母水解物在异育银鲫饲料中作为蛋白源替代鱼粉蛋白的可行性,采用不同比例的酵母水解物配合豆粕替代异育银鲫饲料中部分鱼粉,进行56 d的室外养殖试验,试验分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾异育银鲫。试验分析了各试验组异育银鲫的生长性能和血液免疫指标,结果表明,饲料中添加1.0%的酵母水解物(替代鱼粉比例达33.33%)时,较对照组异育银鲫的增重率提高了8.16%,但是无显著性差异(P0.05),而白细胞吞噬百分比(PP)和吞噬指数(PI)则较对照组显著提高了24.78%和9.43%(P0.05),提高了机体免疫力。由此可见,酵母水解物可作为一种蛋白原料,配合豆粕部分替代异育银鲫饲料中的鱼粉,不会对异育银鲫的生长造成影响。     

鲫鱼品系中的新贵——异育银鲫“中科3号”

<正>异育银鲫"中科3号"是中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室桂建芳研究员选育而成,该品种已获全国水产新品种证书。异育银鲫"中科3号"是异育银鲫的第三代新品种。它的核基因组与平背型异育银鲫相同,线粒体DNA与高体型异育银鲫     

外源酶对异育银鲫鱼种生长及表观消化率的影响研究

均重60.0g的异育银鲫鱼种300尾随机分为5组,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,每组设3个重复。Ⅰ为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂250、500、750、1000mg/kg,饲喂60d。试验结果表明:添加外源酶能有效地改善异育银鲫对干物质、蛋白质及磷的消化吸收,其中以对改善磷的利用率最显著,以添加500～750mg/kg为佳,但超过750mg/kg时消化率有下降趋势;在异育银鲫饲料中添加500～750mg/kg外源酶制剂显著促进了异育银鲫的生长。而过量添加时,外源酶则会抑制异育银鲫生长。     

龙须菜对异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%(D1)、6%(D2)、9%(D3)、12%(D4)、15%(D5)龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异(P0.05);D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高(P0.05),D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降(P0.05);D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高(P0.05),而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降(P0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。     

鱼油加工副产品对异育银鲫饲养试验研究

本试验以一种鱼油加工副产品为试验对象,以异育银鲫为试验动物,研究了该鱼油加工副产品的添加对异育银鲫的生长情况。试验将105条健康异育银鲫随机分为3组,试验组分别添加3%和6%鱼油加工副产品,基础日粮为对照组。试验周期为30d,试验结果显示,3%和6%试验组平均增重率为33.04%和44.17%,显著高于对照组(P0.05);饵料系数两个试验组分别为1.66和1.43,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。因此,该鱼油加工副产品对异育银鲫的生长有明显的促进作用,可以作为一种新的饲料资源加以开发利用。     

醋酸棉酚对异育银鲫生长、生理及组织结构的影响

试验以我国重要的经济养殖鱼类异育银鲫为研究对象.在饲料中添加0～720 mg/kg醋酸棉酚饲喂异育银鲫180 d,研究醋酸棉酚对异育银鲫生长性能、生理机能、肝及肠道组织结构的影响.结果表明:在这项试验条件下,分别含240、480和720 mg/kg醋酸棉酚的试验饲料对异育银鲫在成活率、增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、鱼体成分、肌肉水分含量、肥满度、生理机能和肝及肠道组织结构等方面与无醋酸棉酚的对照组相比,差异不显著.试验结果表明:异育银鲫能耐受含720 mg/kg醋酸棉酚的饲料.     

饲料中添加安来霉素对异育银鲫生长性能的影响

通过在饲料中添加安来霉素饲养异育银鲫 ,研究了不同安来霉素对异育银鲫生长速度和饲料系数的影响 ,找到了饲料中添加安来霉素的适宜量 ,为安来霉素在水产养殖中的应用提供指导。1　材料与方法1 .1　材料试验用异育银鲫购自华中农业大学水产试验站。放入室外水泥池 (2m× 2m×     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.