长期定位施肥对黄绵土区作物产量及养分回收率的影响

通过近30年(1981—2010年)的长期定位试验,系统研究长期施肥对黄绵土区作物产量及养分累积利用率的影响。结果表明:长期施用化肥和有机肥在显著增加小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物产量的同时小麦产量年际间的稳定性也显著提高,化肥配施和有机肥与化肥配施的增产和稳产效果更佳;施用有机肥处理和不施用有机肥处理,氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的增产效应都随试验年限延长而逐渐增加,且与试验年限间呈极显著正相关关系;施用氮肥(N)、氮磷配施(NP)及氮磷钾配施(NPK)的平均增产效应分别为745、1 413 kg·hm-2和1474 kg·hm-2,有机肥的平均增产效应为983 kg·hm-2;不同施肥处理中,氮磷(NP)配合施用及氮磷钾(NPK)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率最高,分别为44.35%、44.55%和15.11%、15.35%;施用有机肥降低了氮和磷的累积回收率,有机肥与氮磷(MNP)及有机肥与氮磷钾(MNP)配施处理氮和磷的累积回收率分别为30.41%、32.07%和9.95%、9.70%;氮磷钾(NPK)处理钾的累积回收率最高,为14.25%,同样施用有机肥显著降低了钾的累积回收率。     

长期施肥对绿洲农田土壤有机碳和无机碳的影响

以中国科学院阜康荒漠生态站的绿洲农田养分循环长期定位试验（始于1990年）为研究平台,研究了无施肥处理（CK）、单施化肥处理（NPK）、有机/无机配施处理（NPKM）和秸秆还田处理（NPKS）下,土壤无机碳(SIC)和有机碳(SOC)在剖面和各施肥年限的含量变化特征及其影响。结果表明：施肥、剖面层次和施肥年限对SOC与SIC含量变化影响显著(P<0.01)。在各施肥处理中,与CK相比,NPK、NPKM和NPKS的SOC与SIC含量明显增加(P<0.05）,并且有机/无机肥配施模式下的SIC含量显著高于单施化肥模式;在剖面层次间,SIC含量从0～20 cm 的9.12 g/kg 增加到40～60 cm 的9.94 g/kg,而SOC变化趋势与之相反。表明合理施肥能够增加土壤表层有机碳含量,有机/无机配施会使耕层以下土壤无机碳增加。     

Effects of long-term fertilization on oxidizable organic carbon fractions on the Loess Plateau,China

The effects of long-term fertilization on pools of soil organic carbon(SOC)have been well studied,but limited information is available on the oxidizable organic carbon(OOC)fractions,especially for the Loess Plateau in China.We evaluated the effects of a 15-year fertilization on the OOC fractions(F1,F2,F3 and F4)in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers in flat farmland under nine treatments(N(nitrogen,urea),P(phosphorus,monocalcium phosphate),M(organic fertilizer,composted sheep manure),N+P(NP),M+N(MN),M+P(MP),M+N+P(MNP),CK(control,no fertilizer)and bare land(BL,no crops or fertilizer)).SOC content increased more markedly in the treatment containing manure than in those with inorganic fertilizers alone.F1,F2,F4 and F3 accounted for 47%,27%,18% and 8% of total organic carbon,respectively.F1 was a more sensitive index than the other C fractions in the sensitivity index(SI)analysis.F1 and F2 were highly correlated with total nitrogen(TN)and available nitrogen(AN),F3 was negatively correlated with p H and F4 was correlated with TN.A cluster analysis showed that the treatments containing manure formed one group,and the other treatments formed another group,which indicated the different effects of fertilization on soil properties.Long-term fertilization with inorganic fertilizer increased the F4 fraction while manure fertilizer not only increased labile fractions(F1)in a short time,but also increased passive fraction(F4)over a longer term.The mixed fertilizer mainly affected F3 fraction.The study demonstrated that manure fertilizer was recommended to use in the farmland on the Loess Plateau for the long-term sustainability of agriculture.     

黄土丘陵区旱作山地红枣氮磷钾施肥效应研究

采用N、P、K三因素D饱和最优设计,在黄土高原丘陵区秸秆覆盖条件下进行了矮化密植枣树N、P、K肥效及优化施肥模式田间试验。结果表明:氮磷钾施肥对红枣产量的综合效应表现为K肥N肥P肥。试验建立了黄土高原丘陵区秸秆覆盖条件下矮化密植枣树优化施肥模式,根据优化施肥模式,提出了在18 000~25 000kg·hm-2范围内红枣高目标产量的N、P、K优化施肥方案:施N用量为267.8~518.6 kg·hm-2,施P2O5用量为83.7~360.04 kg·hm-2,施K2O用量为438.0~491.0 kg·hm-2。氮磷钾施肥处理比不施肥处理提高红枣可滴定酸、总糖、还原糖、可溶性固形物的含量,依次为32.5%、0.82%、1.8%、1.01%,而氮磷钾施肥处理与不施肥处理相比红枣黄酮含量相对降低,其降低百分比为40.4%,表明红枣施氮磷钾肥比不施肥品质好。     

Influences of long‐term different types of fertilization on weed community biodiversity in rice paddy fields

In order to provide a scientific basis for developing integrated weed management strategies in rice paddy fields, this study investigated the influences of different types of fertilization on weed biodiversity. The experiment was conducted at Long‐term‐located Monitoring Station for Soil Fertility, Agricultural Science Academy, of Jiangxi Province, China. Five fertilization treatments were set: no fertilization (NOF), PK, NP, NK, and NPK. The results showed that the influence of different fertilization treatments on weed community traits followed the models PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for species richness, PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for species diversity, NPK > NP > NK > NOF > PK for community dominance, and PK > NOF > NK > NP > NPK for community evenness. Under NPK (i.e. balanced fertilization), the weed species diversity and richness and weed community evenness were the lowest. The principal component analysis showed that the weed community was divided into three groups: (i) NK and a part of NOF; (ii) NP and NPK; and (iii) PK and NOF. The correlation analysis indicated that the influence of each macro‐element on the weed community followed the model N > P > K. The organic content in the paddy soil might have played an equally important role with the amount of available N in determining the weed community's characteristics. Regarding the way by which N, P, and K influenced the weed community, the amount of available P and K mainly influenced the organic content, while the amount of available N influenced both the organic content and light transmittance within the canopy, thereby enhancing the capacity of rice to compete with weeds.     

Effects of long‐term fertilization on the weed growth and community composition in a double‐rice ecosystem during the fallow period

The vegetation cover during the non‐cropping season could have important implications for the maintenance and recovery of soil fertility, as well as for biodiversity conservation in croplands. In this study, five fertilization regimes (control: non‐fertilization; N: inorganic N fertilization; P: inorganic P fertilization; NPK: balanced fertilization with inorganic N, P and K; NPKM: balanced NPK plus farmyard manure) were conducted from 1981 in a double‐rice (Oryza sativa L.)‐cropping system in subtropical China. The effects of long‐term fertilization were investigated on the weed growth, diversity and community structure during the fallow period. The results showed that, relative to the control, both inorganic fertilization alone (N, P and NPK) and NPKM in the rice‐growing season significantly increased the weed density and biomass during the fallow period in the paddy field. There was no significant difference in the weed species richness (the number of species) among the treatments. Compared with the control, fertilization tended to reduce the weed diversity (Shannon's H′) and evenness (Shannon's E), especially in the N treatment. Long‐term fertilization resulted in a significant shift in weed community's composition during the fallow period. The weed community's structure was affected by soil nutrients in the order P > N > K.     

Effects of long-term cultivation practices and nitrogen fertilization rates on carbon stock in a calcareous soil on the Chinese Loess Plateau

Soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) are important C pools in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China, however, variations of SOC and SIC stocks under different cultivation practices and nitrogen(N) fertilization rates are not clear in this area. A long-term field experiment started in June 2003 was conducted to investigate the SOC and SIC stocks in a calcareous soil of the Chinese Loess Plateau under four cultivation practices, i.e., fallow(FA), conventional cultivation(CC), straw mulch(SM), and plastic film-mulched ridge and straw-mulched furrow(RF), in combination with three N fertilization rates, i.e., 0(N0), 120(N120), and 240(N240) kg N/hm~2. Results indicate that the crop straw addition treatments(SM and RF) increased the contents of soil microbial biomass C(SMBC) and SOC, and the SOC stock increased by 10.1%–13.3% at the upper 20 cm soil depth in comparison to the 8-year fallow(FA) treatment. Meanwhile, SIC stock significantly increased by 19% at the entire tested soil depth range(0–100 cm) under all crop cultivation practices in comparison to that of soil exposed to the long-term fallow treatment, particularly at the upper 60 cm soil depth. Furthermore, moderate N fertilizer application(120 kg N/hm~2) increased SOC stock at the upper 40 cm soil depth, whereas SIC stock decreased as the N fertilization rate increased. We conclude that the combined application of crop organic residues and moderate N fertilization rate could facilitate the sequestrations of SOC and SIC in the calcareous soil.     

长期定位施肥对旱作农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响

基于田间定位试验,研究了长期施肥对旱作冬小麦农田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响,试验包括4个处理:不施肥(CK)、氮磷配施(NP)、化肥与有机肥配施(NPM)以及长期休闲地(BL)。结果表明:长期持续施肥30年后,在0~30 cm土层,NPM处理土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、潜在矿化碳以及碳库管理指数分别较CK提高了42.2%、55.9%、40.9%和40.0%(P0.05),NP处理土壤有机碳和微生物量碳与CK差异不显著,潜在矿化碳和碳库管理指数分别提高了29.1%和20.0%(P0.05),施肥对两种活性有机碳含量的影响在15~30 cm土层表现更加显著;与种植作物相比,长期休闲显著降低了土壤潜在矿化碳含量,BL处理较CK降低了20.5%(P0.05)。相关性分析表明,土壤有机碳、潜在矿化碳、微生物量碳以及碳库管理指数两两之间存在着显著的相关性,且有机碳组分含量与土壤有机碳含量在处理间变化具有一致性(除NP处理外),两种活性有机碳相对含量在各处理间差异均不显著。总的来说,长期持续施入有机肥能够有效地增加旱作农田土壤有机碳同时增加其活性组分,有助于培肥地力和土壤固碳。     

用增稳系数评价钾肥配合秸秆还田对作物的增产稳定性效应

根据长期定位试验结果,提出增产稳定性系数(增稳系数)指标,据此研究化学钾肥和秸秆配合施用对小麦玉米产量的持续增产稳定性效应,以期更合理评价钾肥配合秸秆还田这一施肥方式对作物增产稳定性的影响。试验共设4个处理,分别为:(1)只施氮磷肥的对照(NP);(2)在对照基础上加施秸秆(NPSt);(3)在对照基础上加施钾肥(NPK);(4)在对照基础上加施秸秆和钾肥(NPKSt)。结果表明:增稳系数可以作为评价施肥方案对作物产量长期持续增产效应的综合指标;不同施肥方案的长期持续增产效应定量分析表明,钾肥配合秸秆还田方案不但促进作物增产,还能提高增产的持续稳定性。     

氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收利用的影响

采用随机区组试验,设不施肥(CK)、缺氮(PK, P_2O_5∶K20=138∶72)、缺磷(NK, N∶K_20=448.5∶72)、缺钾(NP, N∶P_2O_5=448.5∶138)、氮磷钾配施(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=448.5∶138∶72)5个处理,研究河西地区氮、磷、钾及其配施对制种玉米养分吸收、肥料利用率和产量的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配施(NPK)对制种玉米生物量的累积有明显促进作用,增产效果显著,产量达到9 834.0 kg·hm~(-2),缺氮(PK)、缺磷(NK)、缺钾(NP)处理产量分别较氮磷钾配施(NPK)降低6.06%、10.07%和4.88%。产量的主要限制因子依次为磷、氮和钾。氮磷钾配施处理的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率分别为22.64%、26.82%和60.10%,氮、磷、钾肥农学效率分别为N 1.33 kg·kg~(-1),P_2O_5 7.17 kg·kg~(-1),K_2O 6.66 kg·kg~(-1)。因此,河西地区制种玉米生产中应重视磷、钾肥的施用,加强氮肥的节肥增效管理。     

不同施肥技术对不同生态区苹果产量及品质的影响

连续3年在渭北和关中苹果园进行了水肥施肥技术研究。结果表明:因不同生态区环境条件和果园自身土壤及肥力等存在差异,水肥施用技术对苹果生产的影响差异较大。渭北旱塬NPK(W)水肥处理平均产量为41.14 t·hm-2,较传统NPK施肥处理,增产7.7%。纯收益为22.2万元·hm-2,产值净增1.13万元·hm-2。外观品质分析,单果重达244.4 g,果径大于80 mm以上占71.64%,糖酸比为43.96。果实N、P、K累积量分别增加35.9%,74.4%和43.9%。1/2 NPK(W)水肥处理对苹果生产的影响基本不显著。关中试验园1/2 NPK(W)水肥处理产量高达78.5 t·hm-2,较NPK传统施肥增产11.01%。纯收益为53.71万元·hm-2,产值净增5.24万元·hm-2。外观品质分析,1/2NPK(W)水肥处理单果重高达367.7 g,果径大于80 mm以上占89.95%,糖酸比为24.57。果实N、P、K累积量分别增加42.1%,97.7%和59.1%。其他缺素施肥处理(PK,NK,NP),产量和品质均显著低于水肥处理。渭北旱塬区和关中平原区果园水肥施用技术均能显著提高苹果产量和改善品质,但其效果存在明显差异,实践中需因地制宜,根据果园实际情况,采用适宜的水肥用量以求达到高产、高效和优质的目标。     

玉米秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和不同生育期土壤硝态氮累积量的影响

以田间试验方法研究了玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对后茬冬小麦产量和小麦生育期土壤硝态氮累积量的影响。试验采用裂区设计,主处理包括玉米秸秆还田(S1)和不还田(S0)2个处理,副处理为5个不同施氮水平,分别为0、84、168、252 kg·hm~(-2)和336 kg·hm~(-2)。结果表明,施氮量较低时(分别低于99 kg·hm~(-2)和79 kg·hm~(-2)时),秸秆还田处理小麦产量低于秸秆不还田处理,施氮量较高时则相反;两条氮肥肥效曲线呈相交规律。施氮252 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理分别增产9.5%和2.1%,施氮336 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理分别增产7.0%和5.6%。冬小麦冬前分蘖期土壤硝态氮主要累积在0~40 cm土层;施氮量高于84 kg·hm~(-2)时,秸秆还田处理硝态氮累积量有高于相同施氮量下不还田处理的趋势,其中0~20 cm土层N336+秸秆还田处理硝态氮累积量比不还田处理提高25%(武功试验地)。冬小麦返青期土壤硝态氮较冬前分蘖期大幅降低,此期秸秆还田处理0~20 cm土层硝态氮累积量有低于秸秆不还田处理的趋势。周至县连续三年田间试验结果表明,秸秆还田处理冬小麦收获期土壤硝态氮累积量有高于秸秆不还田处理的趋势,不施氮肥处理0~1 m土层秸秆还田比不还田处理累积量显著提高43.4%。秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和土壤硝态氮累积量的影响与施氮量有关,施氮量较低时秸秆还田条件下冬小麦返青期土壤硝态氮含量较低,引起作物速效氮供应的短期(返青期追施氮肥前)缺乏,影响小麦生长,进而导致小麦减产。连续秸秆还田处理有利于小麦收获期2 m土壤硝态氮累积,减少向下淋溶。     

Hierarchical responses of soil organic and inorganic carbon dynamics to soil acidification in a dryland agroecosystem,China

Soil acidification is a major global issue of sustainable development for ecosystems. The increasing soil acidity induced by excessive nitrogen(N) fertilization in farmlands has profoundly impacted the soil carbon dynamics. However, the way in which changes in soil p H regulating the soil carbon dynamics in a deep soil profile is still not well elucidated. In this study, through a 12-year field N fertilization experiment with three N fertilizer treatments(0, 120, and 240 kg N/(hm~2·a)) in a dryland agroecosystem of China, we explored the soil p H changes over a soil profile up to a depth of 200 cm and determined the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) to the changed soil p H. Using a generalized additive model, we identified the soil depth intervals with the most powerful statistical relationships between changes in soil p H and soil carbon dynamics. Hierarchical responses of SOC and SIC dynamics to soil acidification were found. The results indicate that the changes in soil p H explained the SOC dynamics well by using a non-linear relationship at the soil depth of 0–80 cm(P=0.006), whereas the changes in soil p H were significantly linearly correlated with SIC dynamics at the 100–180 cm soil depth(P=0.015). After a long-term N fertilization in the experimental field, the soil p H value decreased in all three N fertilizer treatments. Furthermore, the declines in soil p H in the deep soil layer(100–200 cm) were significantly greater(P=0.035) than those in the upper soil layer(0–80 cm). These results indicate that soil acidification in the upper soil layer can transfer excess protons to the deep soil layer, and subsequently, the structural heterogeneous responses of SOC and SIC to soil acidification were identified because of different buffer capacities for the SOC and SIC. To better estimate the effects of soil acidification on soil carbon dynamics, we suggest that future investigations for soil acidification should be extended to a deeper soil depth, e.g., 200 cm.     

甘肃糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)生态气候适宜性研究

为探讨糜子种植的生态气候适宜性,运用积分回归方法,对庆阳西峰区、天水麦积区、定西安定区及武威凉州区1985~2008年糜子产量受气候因子的影响进行了分析。结果表明:水热因子在不同的生育阶段对不同地点糜子的产量影响各不相同;在抽穗~开花期间,旬平均气温对安定、凉州、西峰、麦积糜子产量影响较大,分别为10.5 kg/(hm2.℃)9、.0 kg/(hm2.℃)8、.0 kg/(hm2.℃)及5.6 kg/(hm2.℃),在拔节期旬降水量对产量影响较大,分别为8.0 kg/(hm2.mm)3、.0 kg/(hm2.mm)5、.2 kg/(hm2.mm)及5.2 kg/(hm2.mm);甘肃各地光照基本上都能满足糜子的生长发育需要;最适宜种植区为陇东的塬区、渭河谷地及河西海拔在1 600 m以下灌溉区及敦煌盆地;最具有潜力的种植区为陇中地区及陇东的北部。     

不同覆盖方式对旱作农田土壤碳氮含量及玉米产量的影响

设置垄膜沟播(R)、平作全覆膜(P)和平作秸秆覆盖(S)3种不同覆盖栽培模式,以传统平作(CK)为对照,通过3 a大田定位试验,研究不同覆盖方式对农田土壤碳氮及其组分变化、玉米干物质积累和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:连续覆盖3 a后,R和P处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量及储量均呈逐渐下降趋势,而S处理则呈上升趋势且每年的增幅逐渐增大;各处理0～40 cm土层土壤有机碳储量均表现为S>R>P>CK,全氮储量表现为S>CK>R>P,S处理有机碳和全氮储量分别较CK提高3.4%和7.5%;与CK相比,R和P处理可提高土壤碳氮比,在0～20 cm土层平均分别提高7.9%和9.6%(P<0.05),而S处理0～20 cm土层土壤碳氮比平均降低了9.9%(P<0.05);各覆膜处理(R和P)均较CK显著降低了0～40 cm土层土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤可溶性有机氮(DON)含量,而S处理较CK处理0～60 cm土层DOC和DON含量2 a平均均提高6.2%;各处理收获期硝态氮含量在0～100 cm剖面中的垂直分布与CK无明显差异;各处理土壤铵态氮含量均...     

长期秸秆和地膜覆盖对旱作冬小麦农田土壤碳组分的影响

地表覆盖秸秆和地膜是我国西北旱作农田土壤固碳的重要田间管理措施,但其对土壤碳组分的长期影响尚不明确。基于田间定位试验,设生育期高量秸秆覆盖(9 000 kg·hm^-2,HSM)、生育期低量秸秆覆盖(4 500 kg·hm^-2,LSM)、夏闲期秸秆覆盖(9 000 kg·hm^-2,FSM)、生育期地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)共5个处理,研究了秸秆覆盖和地膜覆盖12 a和13 a后旱作冬小麦农田土壤总有机碳(SOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、潜在矿化碳(PCM)和微生物量碳(MBC)含量的变化规律。2 a平均结果表明：与CK相比,HSM和LSM处理均显著提高了0～10 cm土层各碳组分含量以及10～20 cm土层SOC、POC、MBC含量,同时还显著提高了0～20 cm土层POC和MBC占SOC的比例;而FSM和PM处理对各土层土壤碳组分含量及其占SOC的比例均无显著影响。土壤碳组分含量相互之间均存在极显著正相关关系。综上可知,长期生育期秸秆覆盖能有效提高旱作冬小麦农田耕层土壤有机碳及其组分含量,且提高覆盖量有助于促进...     

翻压油菜绿肥对枸杞产量和土壤养分含量的影响

通过田间试验研究了化肥施用量减半条件下,种植绿肥对宁杞5号枸杞果实产量和土壤养分含量的影响,试验包括化肥减半+配施有机肥（T1）、化肥减半+翻压油菜（T2）和全施化肥（CK）三个处理。结果显示:与CK相比,T1和T2处理分别使枸杞干果年产量显著增加24.1%和19.1%; 在秋果采收后,T1和T2处理分别使枸杞地土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较CK显著增加12.8%、13.2%、36.0%、28.2%和60.2%、23.1%、28.5%、57.9%。说明在化肥施用量减半条件下,配施有机肥或翻压油菜绿肥均可以提高枸杞地土壤养分含量,增加枸杞干果产量;而且在提高土壤养分含量方面,翻压绿肥油菜效果更为显著。枸杞行间套种油菜作为绿肥翻压,可以减少化肥施用量,也是提高枸杞产量和枸杞地土壤养分含量的重要技术措施。     

半干旱区秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分保蓄及作物水分利用效率的影响

2007～2008年在宁夏南部半干旱地区旱作春玉米播前设置了4种不同秸秆覆盖量(0、0.45、0.9、1.35万kg/hm2)处理,分析了该区秸秆覆盖量对土壤水分保蓄及水分利用效率的影响.两年定点试验表明,不同秸秆覆盖量对土壤含水量影响存在季节性、层次性差异;0.9 kg/hm2覆盖量处理,在玉米大喇叭口期以前,对保持0～40 cm土层的土壤含水量有显著效果(P< 0.05),较对照土壤水分含量提高了14.2%;秸秆覆盖量达到1.35万kg/hm 2时,土壤含水量不再显著增加.0.9～1.35万kg/hm2覆盖量处理较对照增产显著(P<0.01),幅度达16.9%;玉米水分利用效率较对照增加了4.3～5.6 kg/(mm*hm2),达到了极显著水平(P<0.01).     

不同施肥制度对作物产量及土壤磷钾肥力的影响

在潮棕壤上进行了19 a的定位试验,研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量和土壤磷钾肥力变化的影响。结果表明,单施氮肥能显著提高玉米产量,施钾肥能显著提高大豆籽实产量,其效果优于磷肥。循环猪圈肥的施用能在一定程度上增加作物的产量,但不能达到显著水平。氮磷钾配合循环猪圈肥不仅能增加作物产量而且有很好的稳产作用。未施磷肥处理,土壤速效磷含量呈迅速下降趋势,随种植时间推移,土壤速效磷含量下降速率趋缓。施用磷肥,土壤速效磷含量均有显著增加。不施钾肥处理加剧了土壤钾素的消耗,土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度下降明显;氮磷钾肥并施处理基本能维持土壤钾初始水平;同时施用氮磷钾肥和循环堆肥土壤速效钾和缓效钾浓度均有所增加。     

施用有机肥和秸秆还田对旱地玉-麦二熟体系作物产量、品质和化肥效率的影响

为探明施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田对旱地夏玉米-冬小麦二熟体系作物产量、品质和肥料利用效率的影响,于2015—2020年度设置不施肥+秸秆不还田（CK）、施氮磷肥+秸秆不还田（NP）、施氮磷肥+秸秆不还田+商品有机肥（NPO）和施氮磷肥+秸秆还田（NPS）4个处理进行田间试验,测定并分析作物产量、氮磷肥农学效率、籽粒养分含量、蛋白质含量以及冬小麦籽粒中蛋白质组分含量。结果表明：（1）与NP和NPO处理相比,NPS处理夏玉米5 a平均产量分别显著提高21.33%和20.77%,周年产量分别显著提高9.99%和13.43%,但3个施肥处理间小麦产量差异不显著。（2）施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田对夏玉米、冬小麦的籽粒品质均有显著影响。与NP处理相比,NPO处理冬小麦籽粒各蛋白质组分含量提高5.69%~8.28%;NPS处理冬小麦籽粒氮含量、钾含量和各蛋白质组分含量分别提高4.68%、3.96%和7.75%~11.38%。相较于NPO处理,NPS处理冬小麦籽粒钾含量、谷蛋白含量、贮藏蛋白含量和谷醇比分别显著提高14.41%、9.86%、5.39%和9.65%,夏玉米籽粒蛋白质含量、产量和籽粒氮、籽粒磷含量以及周年蛋白质产量分别显著提高6.45%、28.89%、6.40%、23.08%和10.43%。（3）相较于NP和NPO处理,NPS处理夏玉米氮肥的农学效率分别提高118.35%和113.25%,周年氮、磷肥农学效率分别提高42.83%和64.36%、42.86%和64.27%,但3个施肥处理间冬小麦氮肥、磷肥农学效率5 a均值无显著差异。综合来看,长期施用商品有机肥和秸秆还田可改善冬小麦籽粒中的蛋白质组分特性,秸秆还田还能增加夏玉米籽粒钾含量和冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和蛋白质产量,秸秆还田较施用商品有机肥更利于提高旱地玉-麦二熟区作物产量、品质和肥料利用效率。综上所述,施氮磷肥+秸秆还田的管理模式更适宜在旱地玉-麦二熟区进行推广。