新疆玉米机械化收获模式分析与探讨

随着新疆畜牧业的发展和农业产业结构的调整,玉米种植面积不断扩大,需要机械化收获有所突破.通过对新疆玉米生产现状进行分析,提出适合新疆玉米机械化收获新模式及配套机具,为加速新疆玉米收获机械化进程提供有益参考.     

新疆玉米机收现状及思考

玉米是新疆仅次于小麦的第二大粮食作物,且近两年种植面积在不断扩大。2009年新疆玉米机播水平为97％,机耕水平为100％,机收水平仅为29％。可以看出新疆玉米收获机械化程度远远落后于机播和机耕。本文对新疆玉米收获机械化的现状进行分析,就如何提升新疆玉米机收水平,加快推进玉米生产全程机械化提出一点想法。     

新疆杂交玉米制种机械化现状及发展趋势分析

新疆是我国主要的制种玉米生产基地之一,对该地区制种玉米生产的播种、去雄、收获、父本切除等关键环节机械化现状和全程机械化发展趋势进行分析。分析表明,新疆制种玉米播种基本实现机械化;去雄机械化依靠进口机具有所突破,但国产技术尚不成熟;没有专用玉米种子收获机械,采用大田玉米收获机械,果穗带皮收获。随着农村土地流转进程加快,劳动力老龄化现象加剧,制种玉米生产关键环节的机械化势在必行。     

加快推进新疆玉米生产全程机械化

1．新疆迫切需要玉米生产机械化 新疆是农业大区，在发展粮食、棉花、畜牧业和特色林果业方面有着得天独厚的自然环境和水、土、光、热条件，具有灌溉农业、生态农业、机械化农业和绿洲农业的特点。玉米是新疆主要粮食生产作物，2008年全疆玉米种植面积达48．98万hm^2。玉米生产对新疆经济发展有着巨大的影响，提高玉米综合生产能力是保障新疆粮食安全、促进畜牧业和粮食加工业发展，实现农业增效和农民增收的长期战略目标。近年来，     

新疆加快推广玉米收获机械化

近年来，玉米作为新疆主要粮食、饲料和农民增收的重要作物，种植面积已达758万亩，而玉米生产的关键环节机械化水平却相当低。玉米收获是一项费时费工的作业环节，劳动量占整个玉米生产环节的55％以上，因玉米同棉花成熟期相近，又存在同棉花采摘争劳力的问题，玉米生产机械化成为制约新疆农机化发展的“瓶颈”。在玉米主产区。玉米生产是农民的基本收入来源，而不少地方依靠人畜力作业已难以满足抢收、抢种的要求，迫切需要提高机械化生产水平。同时，随着畜牧业的发展，对玉米秸秆加工、青贮和收获机械化的要求也日显迫切。     

新疆玉米生产机械化存在的问题及发展对策

分析了新疆玉米生产机械化存在的问题,提出了发展思路和对策建议。玉米作为我国第三大种植作物,其机械化问题已经提到议事日程。近年来我国各地玉米机械化有了长足的发展,特别在机械化收获等瓶颈问题上取得了一些突破性的进展,预计今后一段时期玉米的生产机械化将会呈现出快速发展的势头。     

加强试验示范提高玉米收获机械化水平

新疆有玉米种植面积743.1万亩。随着小麦机械化收获的实现,玉米机械化收获已成为当务之急。一、加强玉米收获机械化技术的试验示范新疆从2004年开始加大了对玉米收获机的引进试验示范力度。玉米收获机械化技术推广项目列入自     

玉米棕合机械化几种配套机具的研究(1964年阶段试验报告)

玉米是一种稳产高产作物,但是目前缺少成套的性能较好的玉米作业机械,特别是收获机械,因而,国营农场扩大玉米种植面积受到限制。1964年,中国农业机械化科学研究院与农垦部生产局组织了玉米综合机械化的研究工作,并同东北友谊农场,853农场,北京市中越友好人民公社,新疆石河子总场和新疆农四师十二团农场等一起进行了玉米综合机械化试验。     

伊犁州玉米收获及秸秆回收机械化现状与推进措施

简述了新疆伊犁州直玉米收获及秸秆回收机械化技术推广应用现状,介绍近年来主要应用的玉米收获及秸秆回收机型,提出依托购机补贴政策,加大新技术新机具示范宣传培训力度,提升玉米生产高效示范基地建设水平、加强农机与农艺(畜牧)相结合,发展和壮大农机合作社,实行玉米生产标准化规模化作业等措施,全力推进玉米生产全程机械化。     

玉米收获机推广效益分析

玉米收获机推广效益分析天津市农业机械局胡伟玉米机械化收获是继小麦机械化收获之后的又一个新的热点。近几年来,玉米收获机的研制生产十分活跃,现在已有天津玉米收获机厂、天津蓟县脱粒机厂、张家口采矿机械厂、郑州农具厂、天津拖拉机厂、石家庄市农机厂、新疆联合收...     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。