应用二次细胞技木生产鸡痘弱者细胞疫苗

应用二次细胞技术生产鸡痘弱毒细胞疫苗，在单位培养瓶内可培养更多的细胞以供鸡痘病毒生长繁殖，对提高鸡痘病毒产量来说，是一种十分有效的方法。     

应用二次细胞技术生产鸡痘弱毒细胞疫苗

应用二次细胞技术生产鸡痘弱毒细胞疫苗,在单位培养瓶内可培养更多的细胞以供鸡痘病毒生长繁殖,对提高鸡痘病毒产量来说,是一种十分有效的方法。     

应用二次细胞技木生产鸡痘弱毒细胞疫苗

应用二次细胞技术生产鸡痘弱毒细胞疫苗,在单位培养瓶内可培养更多的细胞以供鸡痘病毒生长繁殖,对提高鸡痘病毒产量来说,是一种十分有效的方法.     

碱性磷酸酯酶基因在鸡胚和人乳腺癌细胞中的表达

通过PCR方法从pSEAP2-control质粒获得人胎盘碱性磷酸酯酶(PLAP)基因,并克隆到鸡输卵管特异性表达载体(pAB-Sig-SV40)卵清蛋白基因调控区下游.pSEAP2-contro1和pAB-Sig-AP-SV40质粒转染鸡胚细胞和乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7),转染48h后以对硝基苯磷酸钠(pNPP)为底物检测PLAP的活性,结果pSEAP2-contro1在鸡胚细胞和MCF-7细胞中表达PLAP,pAB-Sig-AP-SV40在鸡胚细胞中不表达,而在MCF-7细胞中表达.说明鸡胚细胞可以表达有活性的人源糖蛋白,另外也说明在雌激素受体细胞中,鸡卵清蛋白基因启动子可启动外源基因表达.     

细胞外高钙对鸡肾小管上皮细胞活力和NO产生的影响

为探讨一氧化氮(NO)在高钙致鸡痛风中的作用,利用已建立的鸡原代肾小管上皮细胞的体外研究模型,经不同浓度的钙进行处理,通过MTT比色法观察了高钙对细胞活性的影响;采用硝酸还原酶法测定了     

鸭源鸡杆菌对HeLa细胞的黏附和侵袭特性

为研究鸭源鸡杆菌(G.anatis)体外黏附和侵袭细胞的能力,选择HeLa细胞为感染模型,分别以细菌黏附和侵袭HeLa细胞数量为指标,借助革兰和姬姆萨染色及电镜观察来研究2株不同来源的鸭源鸡杆菌对HeLa细胞的黏附和侵袭特性。结果显示:黏附计数表明鸭源鸡杆菌Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG能高水平黏附HeLa细胞,菌株感染30、60、90、120、150min后每细胞黏附的细菌数分别为0.84、4.68、8.52、9.27、8.2个,而菌株F149T对HeLa细胞有较低的黏附作用。侵袭试验表明Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG有低度侵袭力,侵袭的细菌数在150min时达到最大,约8.27·1 000细胞-1,随后细胞破碎,细胞逐渐脱落,而菌株F149T未检测到侵袭力。染色及电镜试验进一步证实鸭源鸡杆菌Yu-PDS-RZ-1-SLG可黏附于HeLa细胞表面并侵入细胞内部。菌株经胰蛋白酶处理后,细菌的黏附率显著降低,表明细菌的表面蛋白参与黏附。黏附和入侵特性是鸭源鸡杆菌定殖在组织表面重要的能力,该细胞模型的建立为进一步研究其致病机制提供了条件。     

线粒体凋亡途径在锰致鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡中的作用

探讨线粒体凋亡途径在锰致鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡中的作用。取对数生长期鸡支持-生精细胞,用含0、2、3、4mmol.L-1MnCl2的DMEM培养液,培养24h,采用吖啶橙-溴化乙锭(AO/EB)双荧光染色法检测鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡,流式细胞仪检测线粒体膜电位(△ψm),Westernblot法检测胞浆内细胞色素C(Cytc)蛋白表达含量,分光光度法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶9,3(Caspase-9,3)活性。用含MnCl2的DMEM培养液培养24h后,处理组细胞与对照组相比,鸡支持-生精细胞凋亡指数逐渐升高(P0.01);线粒体膜电位显著降低(P0.01);胞浆中Cytc蛋白表达量逐渐增加;Caspase-9,3活性逐渐升高(P0.01)。线粒体途径介导的凋亡是锰对鸡生殖毒性作用的主要机制之一。     

鸡新城疫病毒细胞苗的研究 概况

对鸡新城疫(ND)的研究已有60余年的历史,迄今尚未完全解决本病的控制,ND仍是各国养禽业的主要威胁之一。目前在各种综合防制措施中,免疫预防最为关键,也是本病研究中的热点。用于免疫的疫苗多为鸡胚苗。由于疫苗的广泛使用,使得鸡蛋中母源抗体水平普遍上升,以鸡胚接种制苗就会因母源抗体而影响效价。此外鸡胚还有可     

滑液囊支原体可体外入侵非噬菌性鸡细胞

最新的研究结果显示，败血支原体可以侵入鸡红细胞和鸡胚纤维原细胞。斯洛文尼亚卢布尔雅那大学的科研人员针对与败血支原体侵袭力和致病性差异很大的滑液囊支原体的细胞侵袭性进行了研究。他们采用庆大霉素侵袭试验和相对侵袭频率检测了4种滑液囊支原体对鸡红细胞、鸡胚细胞、原代软骨细胞的侵袭性。结果显示，所有的支原体都可以在鸡感染后24h侵袭试验鸡细胞。但非常奇怪的是，     

适应Vero细胞传染性腔上囊病毒X毒株对鸡胚的致病性试验

适应Ｖｅｒｏ细胞传染性腔上囊病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）Ｘ毒株,通过对鸡胚的致死作用、病理变化的结果表明,ＩＢＤＶ Ｘ毒株在Ｖｅｒｏ细胞上传代后,各试验代次毒株均能适应鸡胚,并引起鸡胚死亡,对鸡胚的致病性随传代次数的增加而减弱。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein