小麦株高近等基因系的RAPD标记研究

采用RAPD技术, 以4个小麦株高近等基因系(分别含有rht、 Rht1、 Rht2、 Rht3基因)为材料, 筛选了296个单一随机引物(10个核苷酸)。 发现25个引物的扩增产物在近等基因 系间表现出特异性。 在6次重复试验中, 有18个引物的特异扩增片段不能重复, 6个引物 可以重复2～3次, 唯有OPAM01在全部试验中均能稳定重复, 其特异扩增     

小麦株高近等基因系的RAPD标记研究

采用ＲＡＰＤ技术,以４个小麦株市基因近等基因系（分别含有rht、Ｒht1、Rht2、Rht3)为材料,对２９６个单一随机引物（１０个核苷酸）进行了筛选。发现２５个引我的扩增产物的近等基因系间表现出特异性,在６次重复试验中,有１８个引物的特异护增片段不能重复,６个引物可以重复２－３资,唯有ＯＰＡＭ０１在全部试验中均能稳定重复,其特异扩增版段ＯＰＡＭ０１１８６０可以作为rht基因的ＲＡＰＤ标记。     

Genetic relationships and diversity among Tibetan wheat, common wheat and European spelt wheat revealed by RAPD markers

An endemic hexaploid wheat found in Tibet, China was taxonomically classified as a subspecies in common wheat, i.e. Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum. Seven accessions of the Tibetan wheat, 22 cultivars of common wheat and 17 lines of spelt wheat were used for RAPD analysis to study the genetic relationships of the Tibetan wheat with common wheat and spelt wheat, and to assess the genetic diversity (GD) among and within the taxa. RAPD polymorphism was found to be much higher within spelt wheat and the Tibetan wheat than within common wheat. The GD value between the Tibetan wheat and common wheat is lower than that between the Tibetan wheat and spelt wheat. The result of cluster analysis showed that the 46 genotypes were distinctly classified into two groups. Group 1 included all European spelt wheat lines, while group 2 includes all Chinese common wheat and the Tibetan wheat accessions. However, the Tibetan wheat was substantially differentiated from Chinese common wheat at a lower hierarchy. Our results support an earlier classification of the Tibetan wheat as a subspecies in common wheat. European spelt wheat and the Tibetan wheat showed much higher genetic diversity than Chinese common wheat, which could be used to diversify the genetic basis for common wheat breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

小麦耐水分胁迫突变体生理及RAPD特性分析

检验小麦耐水分胁迫突变体对渗透胁迫环境的耐受能力并对其生理生化及分子特性进行研究。测定突变体愈伤组织在甘露醇,NaCl和聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟的渗透胁迫下的相对生长量及其在20%甘露醇胁迫下游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白含量等生理生化指标,并进一步检测了突变体再生苗的K /Na 含量及可溶性蛋白质组成和基因组DNA RAPD多态性等生化和分子特征。突变细胞系可以在对照不能生长的20%甘露醇、1.5%NaCl和20%PEG-6000胁迫条件下,分别表现出14.5%,12.8%,41.8%的相对生长量;在20%甘露醇胁迫条件下突变细胞系游离脯氨酸积累量为对照的80%,可溶性糖积累量为对照的1.2倍,可溶性蛋白含量为对照的1.3倍。在相同浓度的甘露醇模拟的渗透胁迫环境中突变体再生植株比对照植株相能维持较高的K /Na 比值。与对照相比,耐水分胁迫突变体再生植株可溶性蛋白SDS-PAGE发生显著变化:6条新可溶性蛋白谱带出现在突变体再生植株中,同时对照系中的1条可溶性蛋白谱带在突变株中缺失。突变体植株与对照株RAPD带型呈现一定的多态性。所研究的小麦耐水分胁迫突变体是一个具有较强渗透胁迫耐受能力,可用于进一步育种工作的良好中间材料。     

Relationship between hybrid performance and genetic diversity based on RAPD markers in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were generated from 20 wheat, Triticum aestivum lines. Fifty-four fragments generated by six primers of a 10-mer arbitrary sequence were used to study their potential power in differentiating parents with different characteristics and predicting the yield performance of hybrids produced from these parents. Experimental results showed that the 20 wheat lines were divided into four groups. Group I was characterized by more grains per spike, group II by heavy grains and group III by more spikes per unit area and short plants; group IV was similar to group III but had a much higher biomass yield and grain yield. Hybrids from parents in different groups were generally superior to most hybrids from parents in the same group. Both yield performance and heterosis of hybrids from parents between group I and group III were much better than those of other intergroup hybrids. These results suggest that, based on RAPD markers, it is possible to differentiate wheat lines with different performances and that the classification of parents from these markers is of predictive value for developing superior hybrids. However, genetic distance (GD) based on RAPD markers was not significantly correlated with hybrid performance and heterosis. It appears to be impossible to predict hybrid performance from GD itself.     

核质互作型水稻线粒体不育基因的RAPD标记筛选

通过单因素的改变对核质互作型水稻线粒体DNA的RAPD反应条件进行优化,并在最佳条件下用OPERON公司OPA～OPM系列共260个随机引物筛选水稻Ⅱ-32不育系、保持系、杂种一代线粒体DNA的差异片段,结果共获得22个差异带.其中OPH19-1800、OPJ09-400、OPJ18-1400、OPJ18-1000、OPJ20-300这几个特异片段可能与水稻雄性不育相关.我们正在     

黄瓜基因组DNA提取与RAPD分析

采用SDS法、尿素法、改良SDS法、氯化苄法和CTAB法对黄瓜的基因组DNA进行提取。结果表明，改良SDS法提取的黄瓜叶片DNA具有典型的天然DNA分子的标准紫外吸收光谱特点，其A260／A280在1．7－1．9之间，DNA的产量为450μg/g。用该法提取的黄瓜DNA适合进行RAPD分析。     

普通小麦D染色体组微卫星分子标记遗传差异研究

本研究采用微卫星(SSR)分子标记技术, 对我国不同生态区的6个春小麦品种(系)及北方冬麦区的17个冬小麦品种(系)D染色体组的遗传多样性进行了分析. 结果显示, 23个微卫星引物在23份材料间共扩增出65个等位基因, 平均每个引物为2.9个. 分析发现, 冬小麦群体内检测到的等位基因数(60个)及平均遗传距离(0.4504)明显高于春小麦(48     

YS型小麦温敏不育基因的RAPD标记

选取温敏小麦不育系A3314与Silverstar杂交组合的F2高可育和高不育单株构建基因池,利用500对随机引物对其进行多态性分析,同时对其反应体系和扩增条件进行优化。试验结果表明,在25μL反应体系中使用50 ng的模板DNA,2 mmol/L Mg2 ,0.2 mmol/L dNTPS,0.2μmol/L引物,1 UTaq酶;反应条件为94℃预变性5 min,然后进行94℃变性45 s,37℃结合45 s,72℃延伸90 s,40个循环后,再72℃延伸10 min,小麦RAPD扩增效果较好;S310750为小麦温敏不育基因的连锁标记。     

适合RAPD分析的三种玉米基因组DNA提取方法比较

本文通过对3种玉米基因组DNA提取方法的比较得出，DNA提取时采用一次氯仿／异戊醇抽提方法，得到的DNA质和量都较为理想，并且能够达到RAPD实验的要求。     

Development of RAPD markers associated with common bunt resistance to race T1 (Tilletia tritici) in spelt wheat

Common bunt caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis has occurred worldwide and reduces yield and quality in common and durum wheats. The development of DNA markers linked to bunt resistance to race T1 in the cross, ‘Laura’(S) בRL5407’ (R), was carried out in this study based on the single head derived F_4:5 and single seed derived F_4:6 populations. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the gene for resistance to race T1 in the spelt wheat ‘RL5407′. The two markers identified, UBC548₅₉₀ and UBC274₉₈₈, flanked the resistance gene with a map distance of 9.1 and 18.2 cM, respectively. The former was linked in repulsion phase to bunt resistance while the later was in coupling phase. The two RAPD markers and the common bunt‐resistance gene all segregated in Mendelian fashion. Use of these two RAPD markers together could assist in incorporating the bunt‐resistance gene from spelt wheat into common wheat cultivars by means of marker‐assisted selection.     

山西冬小麦品种Waxy蛋白分析及分子标记研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)法分析了山西100份小麦品种(系)Waxy蛋白的缺失类型,筛选出缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的材料8份。利用2个STS标记和1个SSR标记对不同Waxy蛋白缺失类型进行鉴定,验证其在分子标记辅助育种中的有效性,结果表明:Wx-7A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条450 bp的特异带,而在缺失Wx-A1蛋白亚基的突变材料中扩增出1条327 bp的特异带;Wx-4A位点的STS引物在野生型中扩增出1条440 bp的特异带,缺失Wx-B1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有该扩增片段;Wx-7A,Wx-7D位点的SSR引物在野生型中分别扩增出1条265 bp和1条204 bp的特异带,在缺失Wx-A1和Wx-D1蛋白亚基的突变材料中没有扩增出该特异带。这3个标记可以用于分子标记辅助育种。     

RAPD Molecular Markers and Its Applications in Life Science

A DNA polymorphison assay, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), was developed in 1990 based on amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of random DNA segments and single primers of arbitrary uncleotide sequnce. The major advantage of this assay, contrasting with the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), is that there is no requirement for any specific sequence information on the target genome, as well as rapidity and simplicity.It has been widespread applied in life science researches such as the creation of high density genetic mapping, molecular phylogenetic study and gene location.     

小麦T、 K、 V型胞质不育系和杂种mtDNA的RAPD分析及育性相关片段的克隆

用RAPD技术对细胞质分别来源于粘果山羊草（Ae.kotschyi）、偏凸山羊草（Ae.ventricosa）、提莫菲维小麦（T.timopheevii）的三种普通小麦雄性不育系--K型、V型、T型及相应的保持系、恢复系以及杂种F1代的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行了比较分析。结果如下：（1）发现在mtDNA组织结构上K型、V型、T型不育系之间以及与保持系之间均     

中国主要小麦品种春化基因的STS标记鉴定

本文选取来自中国各麦区的260份小麦品种,用STS标记对其Vrn-A1、Vrn-B1、Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3四个春化基因位点进行检测,并结合小麦田间生长情况记录,探讨春化基因的4个位点显隐性情况对品种冬春性的影响.结果表明,各位点显性基因频率以Vrn-D1位点最高,而Vrn-A1和Vrn-B1显性等位基因对品种冬春性的影响高于Vrn-D1和Vrn-B3基因,且所含显性春化基因越多的品种生长习性越偏向春性.另发现,Vrn-A1仅存在于春性品种中;而对于冬性品种来说,各位点均不含显性春化基因.本文标记鉴定结果与田间冬春性观察具有较高的一致性,在小麦育种及品种推广中具有较高的指导意义和应用价值.     

DNA fingerprinting — A useful tool in fruit breeding

Summary Identification of cultivars and selections, pedigree analysis, estimation of genetic relatedness and genome mapping — all of these objects are achieved with various methods of DNA fingerprinting which can distinguish even closely related genotypes. Initial results were obtained by a variation of the well-known RFLP-technique (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism): hybridization of restriction enzyme-digested DNA samples with hypervariable minisatellite DNA probes. Technical improvements, including a number of additional DNA probes and various DNA fragment detection methods, have since been published. With the recent advent of the PCR technique (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and PCR-based methods like RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA), DNA fingerprinting has widened its applicability and attracted a growing number of scientists.     

格尔德霉素(GDA)能导致小麦基因组DNA多态性和甲基化修饰增加

刚露白的普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种子用150μmol/L格尔德霉素溶液处理后,小麦根的生长受到抑制.随机扩增多态性DNA标记技术和双限制性内切酶酶切-随机扩增法检测显示,小麦根端分生细胞基因组DNA的多态性和甲基化比例均增加.本研究从分子生物学和表观遗传学水平探讨了格尔德霉素抑制小麦生长的机制.     

Substitution Analysis of Plant Regeneration from Callus Culture in Wheat

The genetic determination of the plant regeneration ability of tissue cultures arising from immature embryos was studied using a ‘Chinese Spring’/‘Cheyenne’ substitution series. Plant regeneration proved to be polygenically determined. In tile current experiment the chromosomes 7B, 7D and ID were found to be effective, although the possibility of other chromosome effects cannot be excluded.     

Biochemical Analysis of Developing Wheat Grains

Developing wheat grain was analysed for its fresh and dry weights, water content and some enzymes of the respiratory pathway. Grain dry weight data was fitted to a polynomial equation and biphasic linear regression analysis. Based on biphasic regression analysis and data of water content, the entire wheat grain development is divided into four phases: (i) cell division; (ii) cell elongation; (iii) dry matter accumulation; and (iv) maturation. Various enzymes of glycolysis, Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and Tricarboxylic acid cycle have been estimated during entire wheat grain development, which recorded higher activities during cell elongation phase and maintained higher levels during dry matter accumulation phase. The role of these enzymes in the generation of NADPH and provision of carbon skeleton for starch and nucleic acid synthesis is discussed.     

应用RAPD技术研究不同种山羊草叶绿体DNA的遗传变异

采用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）技术研究了山羊草属ｃｐＤＮＡ的遗传变异性。用改良的“高盐低ｐＨ法”提取了１５种山羊草材料和一种二粒小麦的叶绿体ＤＮＡ,并建立了重复性较好的ＲＡＰＤ标准分析条件。在此标准条件下,检测了１６个材料叶绿体ＤＮＡ的多态性。经１０个引物扩增,在得到的６４个片段中,有６个片段是１６个材料共有的,多态性达９０％。聚类分析结果显示,关系较近的有小亚山羊草和欧山羊草,粘果山羊草和