科技信息参考咨询服务中技术秘密的获取与保密

探讨了科技信息参考咨询服务中涉及的“技术秘密问题”,提出了技术秘密的特征,阐明了科技信息参考咨询机构接触的技术信息中哪些属于技术秘密,哪些属于一般技术信息;结合国内外案例探讨了科技信息参考咨询机构协助企业获取技术秘密的合法性和可行性,介绍了互联网时代出现的以科技情报服务机构为目标,以窃取技术秘密为目的的窃密手段,研究了相应的技术秘密保护对策,以及技术秘密侵权救济措施。     

Declaration on prevention of nuclear war

On 24 September 1982, this statement was presented to His Holiness, Pope John Paul II, by an assembly of presidents of scientific academies and other scientists from all over the world convened by the Pontifical Academy of Sciences to consider the issue of nuclear warfare.     

Science and politics: free speech controversy at lawrence laboratory

The Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, one of the nation's most distinguished scientific institutions, has been struck by a series of "free speech" controversies in recent months. The laboratory, which is operated by the University of California and is almost entirely funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, has facilities in two California locations, Berkeley and Livermore. Each has been under fire for allegedly stifling open discussion of controversial issues. The Berkeley facility, a leading center for the study of high-energy physics and fundamental nuclear science, has been split by an internal debate over the right of scientists to hold formal political discussions at the laboratory during their lunch hours. The controversy has led to the banning of meetings, the circulating of petitions and counterpetitions bearing hundreds of names, the publishing of an underground newspaper, and the suspension of a controversial physicist. The Livermore facility, a major center for developing nuclear weapons, has been accused of trying to muzzle two staff scientists who contend that existing radiation standards are too lax to protect the public from nuclear radiation hazards. Livermore has also been the target of demonstrations and of a lawsuit seeking to open the weapons laboratory to allow discussions between outsiders and staff scientists concerning the implications of weapons research. The article below discusses the controversy at the Berkeley laboratory, where only unclassified research is performed. A subsequent article will discuss the conflict at security-conscious Livermore.     

5TH International Ancient DNA Conference. Divining diet and disease from DNA

Some 110 scientists from a range of disciplines gathered in the overcast British midlands for the 5th International Ancient DNA Conference, held here from 12 to 14 July. Among the attractions were new insights into the diets of early Americans gleaned from ancient human coprolites and intriguing reports of nuclear DNA and ancient viral sequences extracted from mammoth bones.     

University Isotope Separator at Oak Ridge: The UNISOR Consortium

The UNISOR cooperative project, envisioned more than 3 years ago, is now successfully working. Research problems that involve a full range of experiments on nuclei far from beta stability are being investigated jointly by groups of scientists from several institutions. Some of the first work reported (16) included the identification, half-lives, and decay schemes of three new isotopes, (186)T1, (188)T1, and (116)I; the first or new decay schemes of (189)T1, (190)T1, (117)Xe, and (117)I; and the results of the perturbed gamma-gamma directional correlation work in (126)Xe. UNISOR is already stimulating international interest. A report (1) on the new research being planned with an isotope separator on-line to ORIC was presented at a Soviet Academy of Sciences meeting on nuclear structure in 1971. At an international nuclear physics conference in Munich in August 1973, Academician G. N. Flerov, director of the heavy-ion laboratory in Dubna, said the UNISOR project had inspired his laboratory to secure funds for a new, much improved isotope separator which is now installed on-line to their heavy-ion cyclotron to be used for detailed studies of nuclei far from stability. The UNISOR model for research has inspired a second such project, the Atomic Physics Consortium at Oak Ridge (APCOR). After an exploratory conference at Oak Ridge, scientists from ten institutions met in November 1973 to form an organizing committee for APCOR. As with UNISOR, the universities and the AEC will each provide a significant portion of the capital and operating costs. Heavy ions have opened up much new research in atomic physics, but such accelerator-based research represents a real "shift from traditional approaches concerning how, where, and on what time scale atomic physics experiments should be done" (17).     

Experimental observation of nonlinear traveling waves in turbulent pipe flow

Transition to turbulence in pipe flow is one of the most fundamental and longest-standing problems in fluid dynamics. Stability theory suggests that the flow remains laminar for all flow rates, but in practice pipe flow becomes turbulent even at moderate speeds. This transition drastically affects the transport efficiency of mass, momentum, and heat. On the basis of the recent discovery of unstable traveling waves in computational studies of the Navier-Stokes equations and ideas from dynamical systems theory, a model for the transition process has been suggested. We report experimental observation of these traveling waves in pipe flow, confirming the proposed transition scenario and suggesting that the dynamics associated with these unstable states may indeed capture the nature of fluid turbulence.     

EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY: Getting More Out of Space

Space is too important to Europe to be left to scientists alone, according to a report on the future of the European Space Agency (ESA) released last week. The report (available at www.esa.int) concludes that better coordination between ESA and the business and defense sectors is essential to Europe's development.     

BROOKHAVEN LAB: Forbes Loses in Fallout From Reactor Fight

A New York congressman who sided with environmentalists to kill a nuclear research reactor at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, has been defeated in a stunning primary upset. Representative Michael Forbes lost last week by a narrow margin to Regina Seltzer, the 71-year-old widow of a Brookhaven chemist. The defeat is welcome news to many Brookhaven scientists.     

黄山市旅游经济发展时空差异性分析

本文从时间和空间的角度,通过无量纲处理,运用变异系数、综合差异指数这两种分析方法分别对黄山市年际旅游经济差异和其平均水平与祁门县旅游经济发展差异进行分析.文章最后提出了缩小区域旅游经济发展差距的方向与对策,以期为制定促进黄山市旅游经济持续、健康、协调发展的政策提供科学依据.     

带非局部效应的单种群模型时空分布模式分析

主要利用反应扩散方程的空间均匀的Hopf分支条件和其行波方程的分支条件,得到了该单种群模型的时空分布模式,主要包括空间均匀时间上周期振荡的分布模式和空间非均匀的周期行波模式.此外,还借助数值计算的方法,验证了所得的理论结果.数值计算结果发现该空间非均匀的行波解还受到时滞的影响,当时滞量增大时,该空间非均匀的行波解由波前解转化为带振荡尾巴的周期行波解.     

ESSAYS ON SCIENCE AND SOCIETY: Taking Responsibility

Joseph Rotblat was born in Warsaw in 1908. He trained in nuclear physics and later specialized in radiation biology. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995, with the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, "for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and in the longer run to eliminate such arms." In this essay, he reflects on his experiences and recounts how he has applied his ethical principles to his work as a scientist and educator in Poland, the United Kingdom, and the world. He urges other scientists to apply ethical considerations for the survival of humankind above all others.     

基于景观生态学的生态旅游规划——以长白山自然保护区为例

研究基于对景观规划,景观生态规划,生态旅游规划相关概念的理解,结合对长白山自然保护区景观类型、组合形式、发展潜力等方面的分析,从旅游斑、旅游廊、旅游基等方面出发,全面考虑了景观与生态建设的关系,以营造宜人的景观,实现区域可持续发展。     

神经元网络中的一类积分微分方程行波解的存在唯一性

本文主要讨论神经网络中的1个积分微分方程行波解的存在唯一性问题,本文采用相空间分析法给出了行波解的存在唯一性定理并予以证明.     

有4个不动点的神经网络模型行波解的存在唯一性

研究一类神经元网络模型行波解的存在唯一性,分析了当模型的自治系统有四个不动点时行波解的存在性及其满足的边值条件.     

济淄天然气管道清管收球速度的控制

为合理控制济淄天然气管道清管过程中的收球速度，基于清管器运行速度的准确计算，分别采用二次收球和调整收球流量的方法控制收球速度，规避清管器撞击盲板的风险。根据SY／T5922—2003《天然气管道运行规范》，将清管器运行速度视为与天然气流速相同，推导出了运行速度测算公式，利用该公式测算出的理论值与实际值的最大相对误差不超过6％。通过对济淄管道16次清管作业的收球数据进行总结分析，结果表明：清管器质量越大，收球流量越大，接收到清管器的位置距离收球筒盲板越近，清管器撞击盲板的风险越大。研究成果和实践经验可为清管器速度控制提供依据。（图3，表2，参6）。     

University-industry research relationships in biotechnology: implications for the university

The growth of university-industry research relationships in biotechnology has raised questions concerning their effects, both positive and negative, on universities. A survey of over 1200 faculty members at 40 major universities in the United States reveals that biotechnology researchers with industrial support publish at higher rates, patent more frequently, participate in more administrative and professional activities and earn more than colleagues without such support. At the same time, faculty with industry funds are much more likely than other biotechnology faculty to report that their research has resulted in trade secrets and that commercial considerations have influenced their choice of research projects. Although the data do not establish a causal connection between industrial support and these faculty behaviors, our findings strongly suggest that university-industry research relationships have both benefits and risks for academic institutions. The challenge for universities is to find ways to manage these relationships that will preserve the benefits while minimizing the risks.     

浅析我国乡村旅游发展存在的问题及发展对策

乡村旅游是生态旅游与农业旅游相结合深化出来的一种新型旅游形式,它是以农业和乡村为资源而开发的一种新兴生态旅游产品,是农业生产和旅游活动相结合的产物。本文通过阐述乡村旅游的发展现状,分析了我国乡村旅游发展中存在的主要问题,认为统筹规划、强化特色、打造品牌、规范管理是解决这些问题的基本对策。     

Ethics panel looks at human gene splicing

Holden briefly summarizes a draft report on the implications of gene-splicing technology that was presented at a July 1982 hearing held by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. The report is concerned with the potential human applications of gene therapy and surgery and the questions these interventions raise about the nature of humanness and reproductive responsibilities. Testifying at the hearing was New York Times editorialist Nicholas Wade, who criticized the report for reflecting the vested interests of scientists and the Commission for failing to discuss guidelines on genetic intervention.     

Observations by the international tsunami survey team in Sri Lanka

In response to the 26 December 2004 tsunami, a survey team of scientists was dispatched to Sri Lanka. Measurements made by the team show that the tsunami elevation and runup ranged from 5 to 12 meters. Eyewitnesses report that up to three separate waves attacked the coast, with the second or third generally the largest. Our conclusion stresses the importance of education: Residents with a basic knowledge of tsunamis, as well as an understanding of how environmental modifications will affect overland flow, are paramount to saving lives and minimizing tsunami destruction.     

原核生物现代分类学的主要遗传标记

细菌分类学产生以来,其分类方法经历了多次改变.传统上的细菌分类方法在现代细菌分类学家眼中除了它们的历史价值外就再无其它东西了.对新颖技术特别是核酸的不断了解,发展了更为有效的细菌分类方法,如:DNA阵列,16S rRNA基因分析法等等,它们能彻底解决传统分类法不能解决的问题.这些分类方法必将在原核生物现代分类中扮演举足轻重的角色.