7Be在灰色黄土正常新成土土壤颗粒中的分布

[目的]为了分析不同粒级土壤吸附7Be的能力。[方法]通过对土壤样品的机械组成分析,分析不同粒级土壤颗粒中7Be的分布。[结果]不同粒级土壤颗粒中7Be的分布不同。[结论]7Be含量在不同粒级土壤中的分布规律为黏粒>粉砂粒>砂粒。     

Experimental test of self-shielding in vacuum ultraviolet photodissociation of CO

Self-shielding of carbon monoxide (CO) within the nebular disk has been proposed as the source of isotopically anomalous oxygen in the solar reservoir and the source of meteoritic oxygen isotopic compositions. A series of CO photodissociation experiments at the Advanced Light Source show that vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodissociation of CO produces large wavelength-dependent isotopic fractionation. An anomalously enriched atomic oxygen reservoir can thus be generated through CO photodissociation without self-shielding. In the presence of optical self-shielding of VUV light, the fractionation associated with CO dissociation dominates over self-shielding. These results indicate the potential role of photochemistry in early solar system formation and may help in the understanding of oxygen isotopic variations in Genesis solar-wind samples.     

Isotope selectivity of infrared laser-driven unimolecular dissociation of a volatile uranyl compound

Isotope-selective photodissociation of the volatile complex uranyl hexafluoroacetylacetonate . tetrahydrofuran [UO(2)(hfacac)(2) . THF] has been achieved with both a continuous-wave and a pulsed carbon dioxide laser. The photodissociation was carried out in a low-density molecular beam under collisionless conditions. Transitions of the laser are in resonance with the asymmetric O-U-O stretch of the uranyl moiety, a vibrational mode whose frequency is sensitive to the masses of the uranium and oxygen isotopes. Unimolecular dissociation is observed mass spectrometrically at an extremely low energy fluence, with no evidence of an energy fluence or intensity threshold. The dissociation yield increases nearly linearly with increasing energy fluence. At constant fluence the dissociation yield is independent of contact time between the radiation field and the molecule, indicating that the decomposition is driven by laser energy fluence and not laser intensity. The oxygen and uranium isotope selectivities measured in these experiments are nearly those predicted by the ratio of the linear absorption cross sections for the respective isotopes. Thus, essentially complete selectivity is observed for oxygen isotopes, while a selectivity of only about 1.25 is measured for the uranium isotopes. A model presented to describe these results is based on rapid intramolecular vibrational energy flow from the pumped mode into a limited number of closely coupled modes.     

Absence of neutral alkali atoms in rhodizite

The formula CsB(l2)Be(4)Al(4)O(28) has been proposed by others for the mineral rhodizite. Electron-spin-resonance and magnetic susceptibility measurements prove the absence of neutral cesium atoms. An ionic formula CsB(11)Be(4)Al(4)O(26)(OH)(2) is proposed.     

Control of chemical reactions by feedback-optimized phase-shaped femtosecond laser pulses

Tailored femtosecond laser pulses from a computer-controlled pulse shaper were used to optimize the branching ratios of different organometallic photodissociation reaction channels. The optimization procedure is based on the feedback from reaction product quantities in a learning evolutionary algorithm that iteratively improves the phase of the applied femtosecond laser pulse. In the case of CpFe(CO)2Cl, it is shown that two different bond-cleaving reactions can be selected, resulting in chemically different products. At least in this case, the method works automatically and finds optimal solutions without previous knowledge of the molecular system and the experimental environment.     

Anatomy of the photodissociation region in the orion bar

Much of the interstellar gas resides in photodissociation regions whose chemistry and energy balance is controlled by the flux of far-ultraviolet radiation upon them. These photons can ionize and dissociate molecules and heat the gas through the photoelectric effect working on dust grains. These regions have been extensively modeled theoretically, but detailed observational studies are few. Mapping of the prominent Orion Bar photodissociation region at wavelengths corresponding to the carbon-hydrogen stretching mode of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the 1-0 S(1) line of molecular hydrogen, and the J = 1-0 rotational line of carbon monoxide allows the penetration of the far-ultraviolet radiation into the cloud to be traced. The results strongly support the theoretical models and show conclusively that the incident far-ultraviolet radiation field, not shocks as has sometimes been proposed, is responsible for the emission in the Orion Bar.     

基于三角形折叠的植物叶片曲面网格简化方法研究

为在保留植物器官形态重要特征的前提下,适度精简原始三角网格数据,以满足计算机三维建模及应用的需要。通过改进Isler等"基于三角形折叠的网格简化方法",提出了能够有效解决简化过程中出现网格交叉、大钝角三角形和狭长三角形现象的算法,构建精简叶曲面网格的新方法,并使用三维激光扫描仪采集得到的烟草叶片结构数据对该方法进行评价。结果显示当冠层简化比例为90.3%时,渲染效率提高86.1%,并且简化后叶片仍然逼近原始结构。结果表明:使用该算法不但能显著减少叶曲面三角形网格的数目,而且能很好地保留叶曲面形态特征。该算法可应用于不同形态类型叶片的简化,包括褶皱度很大的叶片。该研究可为植物冠层可视化与植物冠层光环境模拟等方面提供有力的支持。     

The "Ozone Deficit" Problem: O2(X, v ge 26) + O(3P) from 226-nm Ozone Photodissociation

Highly vibrationally excited O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) has been observed from the photodissociation of ozone (O(3)), and the quantum yield for this reaction has been determined for excitation at 226 nanometers. This observation may help to address the "ozone deficit" problem, or why the previously predicted stratospheric O(3) concentration is less than that observed. Recent kinetic studies have suggested that O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) can react rapidly with O(2) to form O(3) + O and have led to speculation that, if produced in the photodissociation of O(3), this species might be involved in resolving the discrepancy. The sequence O(3) + hv --> O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) + O; O(2)(X(3)sigmag(-), v >/= 26) + O(2) --> O(3) + O (where hv is a photon) would be an autocatalytic mechanism for production of odd oxygen. A two-dimensional atmospheric model has been used to evaluate the importance of this new mechanism. The new mechanism can completely account for the tropical O(3) deficit at an altitude of 43 kilometers, but it does not completely account for the deficit at higher altitudes. The mechanism also provides for isotopic fractionation and may contribute to an explanation for the anomalously high concentration of heavy O(3) in the stratosphere.     

超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法同时测定蔬菜中7种磺胺的残留量

为建立超高效液相色谱-质谱/质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定蔬菜中7种磺胺残留量的方法。样品用1%乙酸乙腈提取,以C18色谱柱分离待测物,采用多反应监测(MRM)离子扫描模式,外标法进行定量,线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999。结果显示:7种磺胺的检出限为0.000 4~0.000 6 mg/kg,样品添加回收率为67.5%~94.1%,相对标准偏差均少于5.3%(n=6)。该方法简单快捷、定量准确,可满足多种蔬菜中7种磺胺的残留检测要求。     

相同遗传背景下7和7+8亚基对小麦品质的影响

 高分子量麦谷蛋白与小麦品质的关系十分密切。但分析结果往往因所用材料而有差异,主要是不能消除不同遗传背景的影响。春小麦品种高原602所含高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基为Null,7和2+11,永良12号所含高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基为Null,7+8和2+11,二者差异仅在于Glu-B1位点的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基不同,即永良12号比高原602多了个8亚基。用高原602和永良12号分别按正、反交组合进行杂交,在杂种F₃代,选择只有7亚基和7+8亚基差异的单株,在遗传背景相似的条件下,研究7和7+8亚基对小麦品质的影响。结果表明：7亚基和7+8亚基两组籽粒各项品质指标的t测验结果均不显著,说明7亚基和7+8亚基对小麦品质的影响无明显差异,即8亚基的有无对7亚基的作用无明显影响。     

A-Axis--Oriented YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 Superlattices

A modulated structure has been fabricated from high transition temperature superconductors where the individual CuO(2) planes are composed of alternating superconducting and insulating strips. This structure is made by growing a-axis-oriented YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7) superlattices by 90 degrees off-axis sputtering on (100)SrTiO(3) and (100)LaAlO(3) substrates. Superlattice modulation is observed to a modulation wavelength of 24 angstroms (12 angstroms-YBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)/12 angstroms-PrBa(2)Cu(3)O(7)), both by x-ray diffraction and by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy indicates a high degree of crystalline perfection with a channeling minimum yield of 3 percent. Quasi-one-dimensional conductivity should be obtainable in these structures.     

The early faint sun paradox: organic shielding of ultraviolet-labile greenhouse gases

Atmospheric mixing ratios of approximately 10(-5 +/- 1) for ammonia on the early Earth would have been sufficient, through the resulting greenhouse warming, to counteract the temperature effects of the faint early sun. One argument against such model atmospheres has been the short time scale for ammonia photodissociation by solar ultraviolet light. Here it is shown that ultraviolet absorption by steady-state amounts of high-altitude organic solids produced from methane photolysis may have shielded ammonia sufficiently that ammonia resupply rates were able to maintain surface temperatures above freezing.     

A new laboratory source of ozone and its potential atmospheric implications

Although 248-nanometer radiation falls 0.12 electron volt short of the energy needed to dissociate O(2) large densities of ozone (O(3)) can be produced from unfocused 248-nanometer KrF excimer laser irradiation of pure O(2). The process is initiated in some undefined manner, possibly through weak two-photon O(2) dissociation, which results in a small amount of O(3) being generated. As soon as any O(3) is present, it strongly absorbs the 248-nanometer radiation and dissociates to vibrationally excited ground state O(2) (among other products), with a quantum yield of 0.1 to 0.15. During the laser pulse, a portion of these molecules absorb a photon and dissociate, which results in the production of three oxygen atoms for one O(3) molecule destroyed. Recombination then converts these atoms to O(3), and thus O(3) production in the system is autocatalytic. A deficiency exists in current models of O(3) photochemistry in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, in that more O(3) iS found than can be explained. A detailed analysis of the system as it applies to the upper atmosphere is not yet possible, but with reasonable assumptions about O(2) vibrational distributions resulting from O(3) photodissociation and about relaxation rates of vibrationally excited O(2) a case can be made for the importance of incuding this mechanism in the models.     

Delay time of hemoglobin S polymerization prevents most cells from sickling in vivo

A laser photolysis technique has been developed to assess the quantitative significance of the delay time of hemoglobin S gelation to the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. Changes in the saturation of hemoglobin S with carbon monoxide produced by varying the intensity of a photolytic laser beam were used to simulate changes in the saturation of oxyhemoglobin S produced by variations in oxygen pressure. The presence of polymer at steady-state saturation with carbon monoxide was determined by measurement of the kinetics of gelation after complete photodissociation. The kinetics are a very sensitive probe for polymer since small amounts of polymerized hemoglobin increase the rate of nucleation sufficiently to eliminate the delay period. First, the equilibrium gelation properties of partially photodissociated carbonmonoxyhemoglobin S were shown to be the same as partially oxygenated hemoglobin S, and the method was then used to determine the effect of saturation on the formation and disappearance of polymers in individual sickle cells. The saturation at which polymers first formed upon deoxygenation was much lower than the saturation at which polymers disappeared upon reoxygenation. The results indicate that at venous saturations with oxygen, gelation takes place in most cells at equilibrium, but is prevented from occurring in vivo because the delay times are sufficiently long that most cells return to the lungs and are reoxygenated before polymerization has begun.     

基于GSM短信平台的灌溉自动控制器的开发

开发一种适合我国实际的基于GSM短信平台智能灌溉控制器，该控制器通过短信可以接收PC上位机或一般手机下传的控制命令，并通过无线射频通信控制灌溉阀门。控制器可以依据采集的环境参数或预先制定的程序进行灌溉，并具备数据查询功能。该仪器设计合理、命令简单、价格低廉，已经在北京某郊县和新疆某农场安装，运行效果满足实际要求。     

Spin-polarized hydrogen atoms from molecular photodissociation

The production of spin-polarized hydrogen atoms from the photodissociation of hydrogen chloride with circularly polarized 193-nanometer light is inferred from the measurement of the complete angular momentum distributions of ground state Cl(2P3/2)and excited state Cl(2P1/2)cofragments by slice imaging. The experimentally measured and ab initio predicted a q(k) (p)parameters, which describe the single-surface and multiple-surface-interference contributions to the angular momentum distributions, are in excellent agreement. For laser pulses longer than about 0.7 ns, the polarization of the electron and the proton are both 36%.     

Laser-induced fluorescence and bonding of metal dimers

This article describes a technique for the spectroscopic of metal clusters and intermetallic compounds. First, metallic samples are vaporized by a pulsed YAG (yttrium-aluminum garnet) laser, and then the gaseous products are excited with a pulsed-dye laser until they fluoresce. A time-resolved, fluorescence spectrum is then measured by the product. The application of this technique to the study of metal dimers is reviewed, with emphasis on recent results from Be(2) and Cr(2). Studies of such species often yield insights into the chemistry of metals and metal-metal bonding.     

Cost of space-based laser ballistic missile defense

Orbiting platforms carrying infrared lasers have been proposed as weapons forming the first tier of a ballistic missile defense system under the President's Strategic Defense Initiative. As each laser platform can destroy a limited number of missiles, one of several methods of countering such a system is to increase the number of offensive missiles. Hence it is important to know whether the cost-exchange ratio, defined as the ratio of the cost to the defense of destroying a missile to the cost to the offense of deploying an additional missile, is greater or less than 1. Although the technology to be used in a ballistic missile defense system is still extremely uncertain, it is useful to examine methods for calculating the cost-exchange ratio. As an example, the cost of an orbiting infrared laser ballistic missile defense system employed against intercontinental ballistic missiles launched simultaneously from a small area is compared to the cost of additional offensive missiles. If one adopts lower limits to the costs for the defense and upper limits to the costs for the offense, the cost-exchange ratio comes out substantially greater than 1. If these estimates are confirmed, such a ballistic missile defense system would be unable to maintain its effectiveness at less cost than it would take to proliferate the ballistic missiles necessary to overcome it and would therefore not satisfy the President's requirements for an effective strategic defense. Although the method is illustrated by applying it to a space-based infrared laser system, it should be straightforward to apply it to other proposed systems.     

YAG激光对番茄早疫病菌拮抗菌WB7的诱变效应

[目的]探明YAG激光对枯草芽孢杆菌WB7诱变作用。[方法]采用YAG激光(波长1060 nm,功率7 W)照射1株对番茄早疫病菌有拮抗作用的枯草芽孢杆菌WB7,综合各辐照时间组里菌株致死率和正变率的大小以及拮抗能力提高程度,分析不同辐照时间对WB7生长以及诱变的影响效果。采用连续传代培养,测定正变株拮抗能力的遗传稳定性。[结果]利用YAG激光辐照枯草芽孢杆菌对WB7有显著的诱变效应,不同辐照时间的诱变率有显著性变化,辐照1.5 min诱变作用最强,且正变率最大;筛选的最佳突变株WB7-L1.5’5高抗番茄早疫病菌,经过7代传代试验证明其可稳定遗传。[结论]该研究建立了YAG激光诱变枯草芽孢杆菌WB7的试验体系,对番茄早疫病的生物防治具有广阔的应用前景。