BQGI动力压辊装置速度跟踪系统分析

动力压辊是单板旋切机上一个辅助装置。在胶合板生产中,旋切木段直径到一定程度时,由于木芯直径的减少,使木芯弯曲,被旋切的单板厚度不均匀,许多木芯不能继续旋切,影响单板出材率。动力压辊装置不仅对木段有防弯作用,而且对旋切单板能提供辅助力矩。当应用这一新的旋切技术时,动力压辊的线速度和木段线速度的速度匹配是技术关键。本文就动力压辊装置的控制系统进行分析。     

Two-dimensional imaging of potential waves in electrochemical systems by surface plasmon microscopy

The potential dependence of resonance conditions for the excitation of surface plasmons was exploited to obtain two-dimensional images of the potential distribution of an electrode with high temporal resolution. This method allows the study of spatiotemporal patterns in electrochemical systems. Potential waves traveling across the electrode with a speed on the order of meters per second were observed in the bistable regime of an oscillatory electrochemical reaction. This velocity is close to that of excitation waves in nerve fibers and is far greater than the velocity of reaction-diffusion waves observed in other chemical systems.     

匀浆辊流浆箱中匀浆辊的波迹效应

匀浆辊流浆箱以转动的孔辊作为匀整元件 ,匀整浆料的流速 ,具有整流和分散纤维的作用 .该文主要讨论波迹效应对匀浆辊设计的影响 ;匀浆辊流浆箱的匀浆辊 (闸辊 )的波迹效应产生的纤维定向条纹 ,导致整流效果不良 ,最终引起涂布、压光中的纸病 ,影响印刷质量 .经分析 ,这种波迹效应引起的纤维定向条纹 ,不同于简单的定量条纹 ,改变匀浆辊的运行参数、几何参数并不能消除 .匀浆辊的转动 ,必然产生哪怕纵向上轻微的涡流 ,就不可避免产生定向问题 .因此 ,匀浆辊流浆箱只适用于中低速纸机 .     

Conduction velocity variations minimize conduction time differences among retinal ganglion cell axons

The visual system is able to accurately represent the spatiotemporal relations among the elements of a changing visual scene as the image moves across the retinal surface. This precise spatiotemporal mapping occurs despite great variability in retinal position and conduction velocity even among retinal ganglion cells of the same physiological class-a variability that would seem to reduce the precision with which spatiotemporal information can be transmitted to central visual areas. There was a strong negative relation between the intraretinal and extraretinal conduction time for axons of individual ganglion cells of the X-cell class. The effect of this relation was to produce a nearly constant total transmission time between the soma of a retinal X cell and its central target site. Thus, the variation in the conduction velocities of retinal ganglion cell axons may ensure that, regardless of the constraints imposed by retinal topography, a precise spatiotemporal central representation of the retinal image is maintained.     

RNA干涉转基因马铃薯对卷叶病毒抗性的研究

利用大田统计方法,结合分子生物学手段和生物信息学手段对转化的23个转基因马铃薯突变株进行抗病性鉴定,分析转化群体中外源基因的插入信息,并利用双夹心抗体酶联免疫法技术研究受侵染后马铃薯卷叶病毒基因在这些转化体中的表达情况。结果表明,一些株系出现了性状突变,通过分子生物手段检测发现大部分株系都有一定的马铃薯卷叶病毒抗性,但是抗性水平差异很大。试验验证了RNA干涉技术策略的可行性。     

量子盘中氢化杂质束缚磁极化子的性质

采用Lee-Low-Pines变换法和Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了外磁场和温度对量子盘中氢化杂质束缚强耦合磁极化子性质的影响,推导出了束缚磁极化子振动频率λ和声子平均数（N）随温度T,外磁场回旋频率ωc,电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η和电子速率u的变化规律.结果表明,磁极化子的振动频率λ随电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η,电子的速率u和外磁场回旋频率ω.的增加而增大,随温度T的升高和量子盘厚度L的增加而减小;磁极化子的声子平均数（N）随电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η和外磁场回旋频率ωc的增加而增大,随温度T的升高和电子速率u的增加而减小,随量子盘厚度L的增加而振荡减小.     

Mantle convection with plates and mobile, faulted plate margins

A finite-element formulation of faults has been incorporated into time-dependent models of mantle convection with realistic rheology, continents, and phase changes. Realistic tectonic plates naturally form with self-consistent coupling between plate and mantle dynamics. After the initiation of subduction, trenches rapidly roll back with subducted slabs temporarily laid out along the base of the transition zone. After the slabs have penetrated into the lower mantle, the velocity of trench migration decreases markedly. The inhibition of slab penetration into the lower mantle by the 670-kilometer phase change is greatly reduced in these models as compared to models without tectonic plates.     

Atmospheric electrical detection of organized convection

Relatively simple atmospheric electrical instrumentation carried on a small aircraft constitutes a flexible and sensitive system for detecting organized convection. Data can be obtained close to the sea surface, and low-velocity flight enhances the spatial resolution. With a slow-flying airplane or powered glider, it may be possible to trace the circulation of individual convection cells and to investigate the trajectory of air which forms cumulus clouds, one of the major unsolved problems in tropical meteorology. Since space charge near the ocean surface was found on some days to be organized on a horizontal scale equivalent to the cumulus cloud scale, this suggests that some of the air which forms maritime cumulus clouds may come from within a few meters of the ocean and that atmospheric electrical instrumentation may have the potential for tracing air from the sea surface to the clouds. Although the atmospheric electrical instrumentation technique described here cannot be used for direct measurement of air velocity, it may be possible to develop model that can be used to calculate air velocities from electric field data. Even though with the technique described here it is not possible to make direct measurements of wind velocity, airborne electric field records can provide useful information about convection by delineating patterns in the wind field and structural features of thermals (rising bodies of relatively warm air) and by making possible the remote detection of thermals (29). Future plans include attempting to trace interfaces between adjacent roll vortices from the sea surface through the depth of the mixed layer (i) by flying the aircraft parallel to the wind so as to nullify the horizontal electric field (measured between wing-tip probes) while ascending and descending along the interface between adjacent roll vortices and (ii) by measuring vertical and horizontal potential gradient variations at different flight levels (30). The sensitivity of atmospheric electrical instrumentation to the top of the mixed layer and structure within it can be used to explore another important problem in boundary layer convection-why convective cloud cover and oceanic rainfall are greater at night than during the day(31). Workers in atmospheric electricity have long recognized that their domain is strongly controlled by turbulence in the lower atmosphere, and many have believed that the most effective use of atmospheric electrical techniques to assist meteorological research would be in studying exchange processes. Reiter [see (8)] effectively extended atmospheric electrical studies of boundary layer phenomena through a height range by mounting instruments on cable cars traveling between the valley floor and mountain tops in the Alps. The airborne measurements described here extend this approach. Relating the electrical structure of the atmosphere to its dynamic structure poses an interesting problem which may contribute to our understanding of the atmosphere.     

Spatiotemporal variation of site-specific management units on natural turfgrass sports fields during dry down

Site-specific management units (SSMUs) are fundamental for the implementation of Precision Turfgrass Management. Short-term spatiotemporal variations of soil compaction and turfgrass vigor may be dynamic during a dry down period on natural turfgrass sports fields. This is due to the inverse relationship between soil compaction and soil moisture/drought stress, which may impact SSMU delineation and identification of site-specific deficient areas within a field. The spatiotemporal change of soil moisture, soil compaction, and turfgrass vigor SSMUs [as measured by volumetric water content (VWC), penetration resistance, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI)] were evaluated three times during a dry down from rainfall on native soil and sand capped natural turfgrass sports fields. The relationship of penetration resistance and NDVI with VWC was strongest and only significant on the native soil field during the dry down period. In general, as the fields dried, the magnitude of VWC SSMUs and NDVI SSMUs decreased, while the magnitude of penetration resistance SSMUs increased. This phenomenon was more drastic on the native soil field. Significant changes in spatial distributions were observed for VWC SSMUs and penetration resistance SSMUs on the native soil field; however, minimal changes were reported on the sand capped field. The spatial distributions of NDVI SSMUs were minimal on both fields. It is concluded that short-term spatiotemporal variations of SSMUs on sports fields during a dry down can be significant and considerations should be made prior to sampling based on the objective.     

羊毛羊绒红外光谱特征及鉴别方法探讨

采用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）法测定了羊毛与羊绒红外光谱,结果表明,通过各自的特征峰的比较可以区别两者,通过傅立叶自去卷积技术对羊毛与羊绒红外光谱进行解析,也可以有效鉴别两者。红外光谱在羊毛与羊绒司法鉴定领域有较好的应用前景,此技术有望成为司法鉴定体系中的有效方法之一。     

黑龙江省大蒜病毒病原鉴定及病毒病发生情况调查

黑龙江省大蒜病毒病的田间症状复杂,研究通过生物学技术、电子显微镜技术和血清学方法相结合对大蒜病毒病原进行鉴定,并对黑龙江省大蒜病毒病的发生情况进行了调查。结果表明,表现花叶症状的大蒜样品中含有韭葱黄条病毒(Leek yellow strape virus,LYSV)和大蒜潜隐病毒(Garlic latent virus,GarLV);表现黄化症状的大蒜样品中含有洋葱黄矮病毒(Onion yellow dwarf virus,OYDV)和大蒜普通潜隐病毒(Garlic common latentvirus,GCLV);表现卷叶症状的大蒜样品中含有GCLV、LYSV和OYDV。黑龙江省大蒜病毒病的发生相当严重,且多数为复合侵染,其中LYSV、GCLV和GarLV的检出率较高。     

浑水水力分离清水装置清水流场特性试验研究

利用PIV技术，对浑水水力分离清水装置的清水流场进行了测试，得到了浑水水力分离清水装置内部流场的水流流速场、涡流场、涡流结构。给出了各测试平面的定量流场分布情况以及测试平面内的涡量场分布图、速度矢量分布图、速度分量应变率分布图和流场流线图。根据测试结果，给出了流场的切向速度分布和轴向流速分布。通过对流场的分析，初步探讨了浑水水力分离清水装置内清水流场的分布规律。     

基于动态规划法的轧制规程设计系统

针对某钢厂的实际生产情况开发了高速线材轧制规程设计系统.以总轧制能耗最小为目标函数,采用动态规划算法进行孔型的优化.利用CAD图形的二次开发技术,实现了自动绘制轧辊孔型图形.现场测试表明：本系统能有效地降低整个轧线的总轧制能耗,轧制规程效率高,具有很好的工程应用价值.     

不可压Navier-Stokes方程的一阶有限元解法

不可压Navier-Stokes方程求解的困难之一在于如何确定压力场并且同时要满足不可压条件.压力项在连续性方程中并不出现，但是却对速度起约束作用.为了解决这一问题，对于粘性不可压流动，提出了以速度和应力为基本变量，不含压力项的一阶流体动力学方程系统及对应的积分形式.采用有限元方法，对于速度和应力进行同阶插值，对于非线性对流项，采用牛顿迭代法进行处理，对于时间项采用后向欧拉方法.基于FreeFem++平台，对两平行平板间的稳态粘性流动及二维非定常圆柱绕流进行了数值计算.分别通过和精确解及标准算例的对比，验证了方法的可行性和有效性.采用不含压力项的一阶系统，避免了连续性方程中不含压力项给不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程求解带来的困难.     

Effects of pulse shaping in laser spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance

Pulsed excitation fields are routinely used in most laser and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. In the NMR case, constant amplitude (rectangular) pulses have traditionally been used; in laser spectroscopy the exact pulse shape is often unknown or changes from shot to shot. This article is an overview of the effects of radio-frequency and laser pulse shapes and the instrumental requirements for pulse shaping. NMR applications to selective excitation, solvent suppression, elimination of phase roll, and reduced power dissipation are discussed, as are optical applications to soliton generation, velocity selective excitation, and quantitative population transfer.     

基于正交试验的制粒机成型仿真及结构参数优化

制粒机是饲料行业重要设备之一,其结构参数影响饲料成型。为了进一步优化制粒性能,采用COMSOL有限元分析软件对物料的挤压过程进行分析模拟,设计L9(34)正交试验研究制粒机环模内径、模孔长度、压辊直径和模辊间隙对成型性能的影响,通过权矩阵分析确定较优的参数组合并加以验证。结果表明：①制粒机内部模型的仿真模拟能够有效地反映物料在实际工作时的运动状态;②对性能影响由大到小的结构因素排序为模辊间隙、模孔长度、压辊直径、环模内径;③制粒最优组合为环模内径425 mm、模孔长度54 mm、压辊直径178 mm、模辊间隙1.5 mm,制粒机的成型速率较优化前得到提升。上述结果表明,采取的仿真试验及优化办法具有一定的实效性,可为制粒机内部成型模拟分析以及后续的结构设计与参数优化提供方法借鉴。     

环模成型机楔形区域物料运动速度与压力分析

环模成型机是生物质压缩成型主要设备,由于工况复杂性,不易测得其内部物料运动特性。对粉碎后的沙柳细枝颗粒在环模成型机内的运动速度与压力进行了研究。运用流变学理论建立物料在楔形区内的速度方程,并利用有限元软件Fluent对该区域内物料的塑性流动建立模拟仿真,应用动网格技术和UDF在仿真中实现环模和压辊旋转。通过Fluent仿真模拟得出物料在楔形区域内速度矢量图及速度和压力云图。前者用于分析物料在该区域内的运动方向。后者通过改变环模最小模辊间隙、模孔直径、模辊直径比,得出不同的物料速度和压力分布云图,用于分析物料在楔形区域内的运动速度和压力分布状况,及其对物料成型过程的影响。通过对比,环模成型机采用最小间隙为2.0 mm,模孔直径为10 mm,模辊直径比为2.25的参数时,对沙柳细枝颗粒致密成型效果和效率较好。上述结果可为研究其他生物质物料在环模成型机楔形区域内的运动提供理论支持和方法借鉴。     

集材绞盘机新型摩擦卷筒试验与仿真分析

针对传统摩擦卷筒牵引力较小的缺点,进行力学和仿真分析及模型试验研究,结果表明:将集材绞盘机牵引卷筒设计成带V型环槽的摩擦卷筒,可以显著提高当量摩擦系数和集材牵引力,从而取代缠绕卷筒,大大减小卷筒结构尺寸,实现绞盘机轻型化;摩擦卷筒牵引力的大小与V型环槽的楔角成反比.通过二次拟合建立摩擦卷筒V型槽楔角与牵引力关系的经验公式.     

基于ArcGIS的黑龙江省活动积温空间插值与计算

以ArcGIS地理信息系统为支撑,气象站点观测的1997～2006年的旬平均气温为插值变量,采用径向基函数(Radial Basis Function)方法,对黑龙江省旬平均气温进行空间插值。结果表明,拟合出全省1km×1km单元的各旬平均气温表面数据。36个旬插值结果的均误差、均方根误差的平均数分别为0.0562和0.765℃。根据插值结果分别计算全省≥0℃和≥10℃旬、月和年积温表面。研究结果为气温变化监测、农业区划、土地生产潜力计算和千亿斤粮食背景下作物估产等研究工作奠定基础。     

排沙漏斗三维流场的数值模拟

在对排沙漏斗的计算区域作了特殊处理后,选用适当的边界条件,采用VOF方法追踪自由水面,结合RNG双方程湍流模型,对排沙漏斗内三维两相流场作了数值模拟,给出了水面线、静压、速度等参数的分布。将数值计算得到的流速分布与试验实测结果进行了对比,两者吻合较好。计算结果对研究排沙漏斗的流场特性和输沙机理以及优化排沙漏斗设计具有一定的指导意义。