江苏海涂土壤景观与土壤组合构型的研究

本文研究了江苏海岸带不同海岸动力作用下发育形成的四种海涂土壤景观类型。在1/5万土壤图上测量和统计各土壤景观类型中图斑的种种参数,确定了土壤组合构型。运用土壤组合构型中各种参数对海涂土壤资源的开发和利用进行了评价。     

Recent emerged beach in eastern Mexico

A bluff on the eastern coast of Mexico reveals a cross section through an ancient beach deposit now lying 4 meters above sea level. Radio-carbon dates on the shells within the deposit reveal an age of 1940 years. The deposit appears to be valid evidence for submergence greater than that of the present, but whether that submergence was due to a higher eustatic stand of the sea or whether there has been an uplift of the land since that time cannot yet be determined.     

Geologic youth of galapagos islands confirmed by marine stratigraphy and paleontology

Six distinctive types of fossiliferous marine deposits occur on the Galádpagos Islands that provide evidence for the age of emergence of the islands above sea level and hence a maximum age for the islands' terrestrial biota. These subtidal to supratidal deposits include (i) volcanic tuffs with fossils, (ii) limestones and sandstones interbedded with basalt, (iii) terrace deposits, (iv) beach rock, (v) supratidal talus deposits, and (vi) recently uplifted tidal and subtidal rocks and sand. With the exception of (vi), the deposits were previously assigned ages varying from Miocene to Pleistocene, but all are less than about 2 million years old. This age, together with independently determined geologic ages, indicate that the islands emerged from the sea relatively recently and that all evolution of the islands' unique terrestrial biota occurred within the past 3 to 4 million years.     

辽宁棕黄土母质的特征及其成因初探

辽东和辽北的黄土状沉积物称为棕黄土,以区别于典型黄土,分布于高出现代河床20～30米的岗台地上。根据产状、颗粒组成和矿物成分。它们可能是风成的。昌图县的棕黄土可能来自内蒙沙地,大连附近的黄土可能来自北面的海域,其中含有有孔虫,宽甸盆地中的棕黄土则以大气尘降落的形式形成的。各地棕黄土中的矿物组成也不同,缓效钾的含量与粘粒含量成正相关,表明伊利石是其中的主要组成成分。     

Submergence of the Connecticut Coast

Radiocarbon-dated samples show that the Connecticut coast has submerged about 9 feet in the last 3000 years and about 33 feet in the last 7000 years. The rate of submergence is similar to rates reported from other coasts. The finding strengthens the hypothesis that a worldwide postglacial rise of sea level is the cause.     

Postglacial change in sea level in the Western north atlantic ocean

Radioactive carbon determinations of the age of peat indicate that at Bermuda, southern Florida, North Carolina, and Louisiana the relative sea level has risen at approximately the same rate, 2.5 x 10(-3) foot per year (0.76 x 10(-3) meter per year), during the past 4000 years. It is proposed tentatively that this is the rate of eustatic change in sea level. The rise in sea level along the northeastern coast of the United States has been at a rate much greater than this, indicating local subsidence of the land. Between Cape Cod and northern Virginia, coastal subsidence of 13 feet appears to have occurred between 4000 and 2000 years ago and has continued at a rate of about 1 x 10(-3) foot per year since then. On the northeastern coast of Massachusetts, subsidence of 6 feet occurred between 4000 and 3000 years ago; since then sea level has risen at about the eustatic rate. Between 12,000 and 4000 years ago, sea level rose at an average of about 11 x 10(-3) foot per year. The part played by local subsidence or temporary departures from the average rate during this period is uncertain.     

影响稻米品质的主要土壤生态因子研究

采用田间定点取样、定期播种与收获的方法 ,研究稻米品质与四川盆地区主要土壤生态因子之间的关系 ,结果表明 :①稻米品质各性状及综合品质不同程度地受海拔高度、质地、养分含量等因子的影响 ,不同土壤生态因子对稻米各品质性状及综合品质的影响不一致 ,利用偏相关分析较单相关更能准确地反映两个变量的线性程度 ;②从单相关分析结果来看 ,海拔高度、物理性粘粒、粗粉粒、有机质、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰含量是影响稻米品质的主要土壤生态因子 ;从偏相关分析结果来看 ,海拔高度、耕层厚度、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效铜含量是影响稻米品质的主要土壤生态因子。     

舟山海岛铅笔柏引种试验

海岛多种立地条件类型为期14a的多点试种结果表明,铅笔柏不仅适宜于海岛山地生长,而且还能适应滨海涂地生长,在海涂农场的桔园防护林带中栽植,表现良好。与外地引种及与市内的柏木和松树生长相比,铅笔柏更适应舟山海岛生长,引种已初获成功。     

舟山海岛铅笔柏引种试验

海岛多种立地条件类型为期１４ａ的多点试种结果表明，铅笔柏不仅适宜于海岛山地生长，而且还能适应滨海涂地生长，在海涂农场的桔园防护林带中栽植，表现良好。与外地引种及与市内的柏木和松树生长相比，铅笔柏更适应舟山海岛生长，引种已初获成功。     

雷州黑鸭滩涂生活习性观察

【目的】调查雷州黑鸭的滩涂生活习性,为建立科学的滩涂放养管理制度提供参考依据。【方法】以广东省雷州半岛调风镇卜昌村5500羽滩涂放养的雷州黑鸭为观察对象,连续跟踪调查其滩涂放养的饲养模式和独特的滩涂适应能力。【结果】雷州黑鸭在滩涂放养主要觅食鱼虾贝类等天然动物性饲料,采食饮水行为稳定有规律,拥有独特的滩涂适应能力和较强的防备意识、避害能力。雷州黑鸭喜欢嬉水,每天梳理羽毛15~20次,每次5~10 min;其繁殖行为有规律,交配时间集中在7:00~11:00和15:30~18:30;产蛋时间主要在凌晨1:00~4:00,且有共同的产蛋窝;产蛋率易受台风等应激条件影响。【结论】雷州黑鸭的觅食、饮水、避害、羽毛护理、繁殖等行为已具有独特的滩涂适应能力,在生产管理中可根据其生活习性和行为特征建立科学的滩涂放养管理制度,扩大滩涂饲养规模,提高雷州黑鸭的养殖效益。     

外来物种米草对黄河三角洲生态环境的影响

根据对黄河三角洲的无棣岔尖、东营市五号桩、小清河口的米草分布区与非米草分布区的调查结果,研究了外来物种米草对黄河三角洲地区底栖动物、滩涂昆虫、滩涂浮游动物、滩涂浮游植物、底泥微生物和滩涂鸟类的影响。结果显示,外来物种米草的入侵已导致黄河三角洲地区生态系统结构和功能发生了改变,造成严重的生态失衡和经济损失。     

Pleistocene Sea Levels, Southeastern Virginia

Detailed study of post-Miocene stratigraphy in southeastern Virginia reveals at least 13 formations which show six Pliocene (?) and Pleistocene cycles of emergence and submergence, with maximum submergent sea levels near +45, +45, +20, +25, +15, and 0 feet, respectively. The newly established stratigraphic framework disproves earlier interpretations of "terrace-stratigraphy" and sea level chronologies.     

天然益智海盐足浴粉的研制加工

益智产品综合开发利用研究是当前益智研究的热点。天然益智海盐足浴粉增加了保健休闲产品的特色种类,作为一种保健休闲产品有着广阔的开发应用前景。通过试验探讨了天然益智海盐足浴粉的加工技术方法和产品质量指标,为其开发应用提供了理论依据。     

升温对不同管足颜色中间球海胆家系和红、白管足中间球海胆免疫相关酶活性及MDA含量影响的初步研究

为研究升温对不同管足颜色中间球海胆家系和红、白管足中间球海胆免疫相关酶活性及MDA含量的影响,实验设置不同温度梯度(15、20、22、24及26℃),分别对不同管足颜色海胆家系和红、白管足海胆体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、溶菌酶(LZM)及丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定。结果显示：(1)随着水温升高,RR、RW、WR和WW家系中间球海胆SOD、CAT、POD、LZM活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势。SOD活性范围为2.39 ~4.36U/ml、2.79 ~5.17U/ml、2.71 ~4.97U/ml、3.66 ~5.69U/ml;CAT活性范围为63.02 ~112.76U/ml、62.47 ~169.37U/ml、66.40 ~140.77U/ml、72.29 ~149.20U/ml;POD活性范围为1.65 ~14.59U/ml、0.89 ~13.88U/ml、2.08 ~14.68U/ml、2.49 ~15.62U/ml;LZM活性范围为9.82 ~109.23U/ml、12.10 ~110.37U/ml、7.82 ~112.16U/ml、11.18 ~107.83U/ml;RR、RW、WR家系中间球海胆MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,含量范围为0.97 ~2.34nmol/ml、0.82 ~2.40nmol/ml、0.96 ~2.23nmol/ml,WW家系中间球海胆MDA含量呈缓慢升高的趋势,含量范围为1.55 ~2.60nmol/ml。(2) 红、白管足中间球海胆SOD 、CAT、POD、LZM活性也均呈先升高后降低的趋势,红管足海胆MDA含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,白管足海胆MDA含量则呈升高的趋势。(3) 随着水温升高,RR家系海胆SOD活性对升温胁迫响应早于WW家系海胆;RW家系海胆CAT活性高于WW家系海胆;RR家系海胆MDA含量低于WW家系海胆MDA含量;红管足海胆SOD、POD活性均高于白管足海胆,其中POD活性变化差异显著(P<0.05);26℃时,红管足海胆MDA含量显著低于白管足海胆MDA含量 (P<0.05)。以上结果表明,以红管足海胆为亲本培育的海胆家系对升温响应更灵敏、更耐高温。     

Rates of Submergence of Coastal New England and Acadia

Altitudinal and carbon-14 age determinations of in-place Pinus strobus stumps of drowned forests at Odiorne Point, N.H., and Grand Pré and Fort Lawrence, Nova Scotia, yield apparent average rates of submergence of 3.1, 14.5, and 20.3 feet per 1000 C(14) years, respectively. Rate differences are assessed in terms of eustatic rise of sea level, crustal movements, and tidal effects.     

埕岛滩海土壤腐蚀性评价

针对位于渤海湾埕岛油田的滩海土壤腐蚀问题进行了调查，研究了影响土壤腐蚀性的主要因素，指出最重要的因素是土壤含水量，在滩海区域内含水量高、导电性好的土壤往往为低腐蚀性土壤，这与用电阻率判别腐蚀性的常规规则正好相反。     

当归在大别山地区引种栽培试验初报

评估甘肃岷归在大别山地区引种栽培的可行性。方法：试验地点设在大别山地区海拔860m和1060m^2处,每处分生地试验和熟地试验2个处理,每个处理设遮荫和不遮荫两种措施;试验分2a进行,第1a育苗,第2a移栽。结果：当归在海拔1060m处的生地生长良好,遮荫处理的当归生长势好于未遮荫的。结论：甘肃岷归在海拔高于1000m以上的大别山地区适合生长,可在该地区引种栽培。     

Prehistoric cultural ecology in southern jordan

Research in the mountains of southern Jordan resulted in the discovery of 109 archaeological sites that are from the Lower Paleolithic to the Chalcolithic period [150 to 6 thousand years ago (ka)]. Beginning with the Middle Paleolithic (70 ka) two site types (long-term and ephemeral camps) are recognized. Long-term sites have larger areas, thicker deposits, higher artifact densities, and more abundant archaeological features than ephemeral sites. Their natural settings (elevation and exposure) and associated seasonal evidence (phytolith and cementum increment data) indicate that long-term sites were occupied during the winter, wet season and ephemeral sites during the warm, dry season. These differences in site use and seasonality likely reflect an adaptive strategy of transhumance that persisted to modern Bedouin times. At the end of the Pleistocene, the onset of warmer, drier conditions induced a shift of the long-term winter camps from relatively low (800 to 1000 meters above sea level) to high (1000 to 1250 meters above sea level) elevations and largely reversed the earlier transhumant pattern.     

秋季马铃薯高产高效栽培技术初探

秋季马铃薯在贵州省桐梓县海拔800m以下地区,常年种植有2000.0hm2,也是贵州省桐梓县秋冬蔬菜的组成部分。该技术是充分利用脱毒马铃薯高产创建项目,在县域海拔400、600、800m3个区域开展试验探索的初步总结,前茬作物为玉米、水稻或蔬菜。     

营口地区公路路肩土壤含盐量的调查与分析

采用电导率法对营口地区距海边不同距离的公路路肩的3层土壤进行含盐量测定,并且运用SPSS对其内在规律进行研究。结果表明:48个样本点的192份土样的电导率值均小于2.0 ds/m,即该地区的公路路肩1 m深度内土壤属于非盐渍化土壤;公路路肩土壤总的含盐量跟距海边距离、海拔有较弱负相关,与边沟含盐量和地下水矿化度呈弱的正相关,与蒸降差在20 cm有一定的负相关关系;利用TM卫星遥感图像获得48个采样点距离海边距离,并进行路肩土壤和距海边距离相关性的研究,得到回归方程。