福建省将乐县杉木人工林林地土壤养分状况

在福建省将乐国有林场,选取典型杉木人工林样地18块,对其土壤化学性状进行测定分析。结果表明:将乐杉木人工林地土壤呈酸性;土壤全氮和碱解氮含量随土层深度增加而显著递减;全磷和有效磷垂直变化不明显,且有效磷含量都小于5 mg·kg~(-1),缺磷比较严重;土壤全钾明显低于土壤速效钾的变异程度,钾素能够满足树种生长的需求。在杉木林经营过程中,合理适量的施用氮磷肥有利于林地地力的维持,特别是磷肥。     

杉木人工林生物量变化规律的研究

基于大岗山林区相似立地条件前后3次生物量调查研究资料,结合杉木人工林固定样地长期观测材料对杉木人工林生物量的变化规律作了较为详尽的研究,得到了如下主要研究结果：(1)对于同一林分,除叶生物量和某些枝生物量存在一个减小的时期外(5a至8a时),单株和林分各组分生物量均随林龄的增加而增大。在12a前的林分速生期间,叶、枝、干所占比重微弱增加,致使地上部分比重增加,而根比重减小;在干材期(12～16a),单株各组分所占比例趋于稳定。(2)立地指数对单株和林分各组分的生物量、总生物量以及生物量分配比率均存在显著影响,且这种影响随着林龄的变化而变化,并受初植密度的制约。(3)随着初植密度的增大,单株各组分生物量明显减小,干生物量分配比率在任一林龄时刻均呈下降趋势;由密度所形成的不同林分生物量间的差距随林龄呈减弱的趋势。     

章古台地区樟子松人工林土壤养分变化规律

为了揭示樟子松人工林在生长过程中土壤性质的变化规律和机理,在科尔沁沙地南部章古台地区,对不同林龄(9a,19a,27a,38a,47a)樟子松人工林不同深度土壤的养分进行测定与分析,结果表明:樟子松人工林0～80 cm土层中养分含量随着林龄增加呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其中27年生土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾含量最高,38...     

杉木人工林水土流失及养分损耗研究

１９８４～１９９６年在江西分宜县中国林科院亚热带林业实验中心的３个林场,分别对杉木人工林幼龄林、中龄林及近熟林进行了８组水土保持及养分循环方面多点的试验观测,对杉木人工林水土流失及养分损耗作了研究。结果表明,杉木人工林水土流失以幼林阶段为最大,其次中龄林阶段,最小是近熟林阶段。幼龄林地表迳流量为５４６．０ｍ＾３．ｈｍ＾－２,土壤侵蚀总量为１０５０．０ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２,土壤侵蚀量尤为明显;中龄林地表迳流量为５０６．９８ｍ＾３．ｈｍ＾－２;而近熟林地表迳流量为４７７．２５ｍ＾３．ｈｍ＾－２,土壤侵蚀量可略而不计。幼龄林流失有机质５０．０４９ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２,养分为３１．５０８ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２;中龄林流失有机质为６．０８０ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２,养分流失量为２．０９６ｋｇ．ｈｍ＾－２,而近熟林养分流失量为１０．７８４ｋｇ．     

西南桦人工林土壤养分含量变化规律研究

通过对西南桦人工幼林土壤肥力６年的定位监测,结果表明：西南桦人工林在幼林期基本不会导致土壤有机质、氮素、有效Ｐ含量下降,但会导致土壤有效Ｋ含量下降。ＧＭ（１,１）模型预测：在今后５年内,西南桦人工幼林的土壤有机质和有效Ｐ含量总趋势为上升;土壤全Ｎ和有效Ｎ含量变化不大;土壤有效Ｋ含量则明显下降。因此,在营林生产中只要在定植５年以后适当施用钾肥,就可防止林地土壤有效Ｋ的下降。     

杉木人工林的土壤性质变化

系统研究和分析了不同代、不同发育阶段杉木林的土壤物理性质、化学性质和生物特性的变化过程,揭示了杉木人工林随着栽植代数增加(2～3代),土壤物理性质变劣,pH值下降,养分含量降低,速效P和水解N的下降尤为明显,微生物区系及酶活性也朝着生物活性下降的方向变化,也反映出杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤肥力的差别。一般从幼龄林到中龄林土壤肥力呈下降趋势,到了成熟林阶段土壤肥力稍有上升,但不能恢复到原来的状态。在现行栽培制度下,杉木人工林连作能导致土壤功能衰退,这是杉木人工林不能保持长期生产力的主要原因之一。     

杉木人工林不同发育阶段林下植被,土壤微生物,酶活性及养分的…

土壤微生物总数及细菌、真菌数量、土壤酶活性及土壤养分状况（主要是有机质含量）从杉木幼龄林到中龄林随着林冠的征闭，林下植被盖度急剧下降，呈明显下降趋势；土壤微生物总数，细菌总数，蛋白酶，蔗糖酶以及土壤有机质从中龄林到成熟林随着林木密度及才度下降，林木下被盖度逐步得到恢复，地明显的上升趋势，由于过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性的降低，有可能导致中龄林土壤中多酚类有毒物质的积累，这或许是杉木宫载产量下降或民活     

油茶幼林地土壤的养分变化规律

通过对油茶幼林土壤养分进行测定分析,得出各元素含量的变化规律.土壤有机质、水解氮和速效磷的变化趋势较一致,呈交替升降态,即3-7月先降低后升高,7-10月再次降低后升高;全氮3-7月呈渐增态,7-10月呈下降态;全磷变化不大,相对稳定;速效钾3-5月变化不大,之后有所升降,但保持在较高水平.     

用土壤养分系统研究法评价杨树人工林土壤养分状况

A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach(SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P,K, Zn), -N(P, K, Zn), -P(N, K, Zn), -K(N, P, Zn), Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), -Zn (N,P,K), 2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), 2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N 2P 2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar.The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform perfectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.     

间伐后杉木人工林生态系统养分动态的研究

将定位试验地杉木人工林间伐后,对其生态系统不同层次养分积累动态特性进行了研究．结果表明：间伐后林木各器官营养元素含量发生了变化;乔木层由于生物量的减少,养分积累量也相应减少,而灌、草及死地被物层养分积累分别增加２７２．１％,３７．２％和１６０．０％;整个杉木人工林生态系统养分的积累无论是大量元素,还是微量元素均超过对照;林下植被和死地被物层在系统养分循环中具有重要作用．     

杉木火力楠混交林和杉木纯林的生物量及分布格局研究

分析比较了16年生杉木火力楠混交林以及杉木纯林生物量及其分布格局。结果表明:杉木火力楠混交林乔木层生物量为189.35 t·hm-2,高出杉木纯林49.3%;其凋落物层生物量则为纯林的3.48倍。混交林中火力楠枝叶生物量分布高度高于杉木,有利于提高光能利用率;火力楠根系分布深度低于杉木,有利于提高土壤养分利用率。因而,杉木和火力楠混交林能形成较好的林分结构,可促进林分生产力的提高和地力改善,是值得推广的杉阔混交林模式。     

杉木人工林经济成熟龄的研究

利用杉木人工林标准地材料建立生长收获预估模型，根据技术经济指标采用净现值法研究经济成熟。结果表明：在现有技术经济指标的情况下，利率为5％时杉木人工林经济成熟龄为17年．若其它条件保持不交，木材价格或成本每增减20％，杉木人工林经济成熟龄将推迟或提前1年．利率对经济成熟龄的到来有显著影响，利率每增加1个百分点，经济成熟龄将提前1年．     

杉木人工林生态系统太阳辐射特征研究

根据2008年的观测数据,分析了会同杉木人工林太阳辐射各分量的时间分布特征及不同季节太阳辐射分配率的差异。结果表明:除大气逆辐射(RLd)外,其余3种辐射的年变化大致呈单峰形;太阳总辐射(RSd)及反射辐射(RSu)日变化均呈规则的单峰曲线,而森林生态系统长波辐射(RLu)和RLd则呈波浪形;就全年太阳辐射的分配率而言,净辐射(23.5%)最大,有效辐射(19.0%)次之,反射辐射最小,仅7.5%;不同季节太阳辐射分配率亦有所不同,反射辐射和净辐射均为旱季小于雨季,有效辐射则相反。     

短周期杉木人工林不同林龄土壤肥力综合评价

为探讨不同生长发育阶段林地土壤肥力状况及地力衰退趋势,分析影响地力衰退的主要影响因子,以不同林龄(2、4、6、8和11 a)杉木短周期小径材培育人工林的土壤样本为研究对象,检测土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、全磷、水解性氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效铁、交换性钙、交换性镁含量和pH值共11个土壤肥力指标,分析不同林龄土壤养分差异及其变化趋势。结果表明:除土壤pH值外,土壤主要肥力指标的变化幅度较大,有机质、全氮、水解性氮、速效钾、有效磷含量在不同土层和不同林龄间均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);随着林龄的增长,林地土壤有机质和氮磷肥消耗较大,其中,表土层(0~20 cm)有机质、水解性氮、有效磷含量到11 a主伐时的降幅均超过30%,但不同林龄间各肥力指标差异不显著;采用改进后的Nemerow法计算的土壤肥力综合指数为0.412~0.530,土壤肥力等级为Ⅲ级(P_综<0.9),土壤肥力较低,相比较而言,土壤中有机质和氮肥含量较充足,而交换性阳离子极为贫乏;有机质、速效钾、水解性氮、有效磷含量与综合肥力指数呈显著或极显著正相关(R_偏~2>0.8),是影响土壤肥力的主要因子;土壤肥力综合指数随林龄增大而降低,11 a主伐期比造林初期(2 a)下降22.26%,但不同林龄间各单项肥力指数及综合肥力指数均不存在显著差异(P>0.08)。在该栽培模式的超短经营周期内,随着林龄增大及林木生长对土壤养分的消耗,林地土壤肥力出现一定程度的退化现象,但并未达到显著水平,有必要通过提高整地质量、改良土壤、林粮间作、增施有机肥及氮磷钾肥等措施适度增加土壤肥力,维持林地长期生产力。     

Accumulation of residual soil microbial carbon in Chinese fir plantation soils after nitrogen and phosphorus additions

Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) additions can affect soil microbial carbon(C) accumulation.However,the mechanisms that drive the changes in residual microbial C that occur after N and P additions have not been well-defined for Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China.We set up six different treatments, viz.a control(CK), two N treatments(N_1: 50 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1); N2:100 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1)), one P treatment(P: 50 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1)),and two combined N and P treatments(N_1P:50 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1) of N+50 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1) of P; N_2P:100 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1) of N+50 kg ha~(-1) a~(-1) of P).We then investigated the influences of N and P additions on residual microbial C.The results showed that soil pH and microbial biomass decreased after N additions, while microbial biomass increased after P additions.Soil organic carbon(SOC) and residual microbial C contents increased in the N and P treatments but not in the control.Residual microbial C accumulation varied according to treatment and declined in the order: N_2PN_1PN2N_1PCK.Residual microbial C contents were positively correlated with available N, P, and SOC contents, but were negatively correlated with soil p H.The ratio of residual fungal C to residual bacterial C increased under P additions, but declined under combined N+P additions.The ratio of residual microbial C to SOC increased from 11 to 14%under the N_1P and N_2P treatments, respectively.Our results suggest that the concentrations of residual microbial C and the stability of SOC would increase under combined applications of N and P fertilizers in subtropical Chinese fir plantation soils.     

杉木容器嫁接苗培育技术

通过对杉木容器嫁接苗培育的试验与生产推广实践,总结出容器制作、基质配比,容器砧木苗定植摆放、嫁接,苗期管理及容器嫁接苗出圃等一整套成功的操作技术。培育出的苗木达到了苗干通直、高度80 cm以上、轻质的理想效果,为新建分步式种子园和原有种子园间伐后补植改造提供了技术保障。     

亚热带地区杉木人工林和阔叶林土壤活性有机质研究(英文)

土壤活性有机质对土壤养分如氮、磷、硫的生物化学循环具有作用,其含量和质量影响土壤的初级生产力。本试验在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站通过对第一代、第二代杉木纯林和地带性阔叶林土壤活性有机质组分的对比研究,发现杉木纯林土壤活性有机质的含量低于地带性阔叶林。第一代杉木纯林易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、水溶性有机碳和水溶性碳水化合物的含量分别比第二代杉木纯林高35.9%、13.7%、87.8%和50.9%,比地带性阔叶林的低15.8%、47.3%、38.1%和30.2%。在调查的三种林地内,土壤微生物生物量碳和水溶性有机碳含量下降幅度较大,其次为水溶性碳水化合物,而易氧化有机碳的变化最小。同时,杉木纯林土壤养分等理化性质也比地带性阔叶林低。这表明在杉木纯林取代地带性阔叶林以及杉木纯林连栽后林地的土壤肥力降低。图3 表2参26。     

杉阔混交林地土壤肥力研究综述

营造杉阔混交林是改良杉木林地土壤肥力，提高林地生产力和林分稳定性的重要途径。综述了我国营造杉阔混交林对土壤物理性质、土壤微生物、酶活性、土壤养分循环、土壤养分贮量和供应状况的影响，提出了该领域今后的研究设想。     

杉木冷冻干燥材和气干材液体浸注性的比较研究

A comparative study was conducted on liquid penetration of the freeze-drying and air-drying sapwood and heartwood lumber of plantation Chinese fir （Cunninghamia lanceolata）. The maximum amount of dyeing solution uptake by the capillary rise method was used to evaluate the liquid penetration properties of the treated wood. The pit aspiration ratio was determined by semithin section method. Changes in wood microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that compared with air drying, the freeze drying had a significant effect on liquid penetration of sapwood and heartwood of Chinese fir. The liquid penetration of sapwood is significantly higher than that of the heartwood for both drying treatments. Low pit aspiration ratio and cracks of pits membrane of some bordered pits are the main reasons for increasing liquid penetration after freeze drying treatment.     

Effect of different drying methods on liquid penetration of Chinese fir plantation wood

Chinese fir plantation sapwood and heartwood boards were treated by three drying methods: radio frequency-vacuum drying (RFVD), conventional kiln drying (KD) and high temperature drying (HTD). The maximum amount of dyeing solution uptake by the capillary rising method was used to evaluate the liquid penetration of the treated wood. The pit aspiration ratio was determined by a semithin section method. Changes in wood microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The results show that liquid penetration of Chinese fir sapwood after RFVD is significantly higher than that after KD and HTD. Liquid penetration of Chinese fir heartwood after RFVD is higher than that after HTD. Liquid penetration of Chinese fir sapwood is significantly higher than that of heartwood after three drying treatments. Low pit aspiration ratio and cracks of some bordered pits are the main reasons for the increase in liquid penetration after RFVD treatment. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2006, 42(10): 85–90 [译自: 林业科学]