郁南沙糖桔果园土壤营养状况及结果树叶片营养动态变化

对广东郁南7个代表性沙糖桔果园土壤和结果树植株叶片营养状况进行了分析。结果显示,坡地果园的酸度比水田果园的大。土壤质地以粘土和粘壤土为主,其中砂页岩坡地果园土壤质均为粘土,而花岗岩坡地为粉砂质粘土,水田改种的多为壤土。土壤有机质含量总体处于中等偏低水平。全氮主要在中等至偏低水平之间;坡地果园的有效磷偏低,水田果园有效磷处于低量至适量水平;缺磷和缺钾的主要是坡地果园,而高磷和高钾的主要是水田果园。土壤交换性钙、镁和有效硼普遍缺乏;铜、锌个别缺乏;铁、锰、硫含量均较高。沙糖桔结果树周年营养状况随着生育期的不同而发生动态变化,土壤磷钾高的果园其叶片磷钾水平并不是全都相应提高。叶片N、P、K、Cu平均含量在开花期最高,N、K、Cu均处于柑桔类的适量范围,而P则高于适量范围;叶片N、P平均含量在幼果期最低。叶片Ca平均含量在果实成熟期最高,郁南沙糖桔叶片Mg低于柑桔类适量水平的较多,说明缺镁的情况较多;叶片Fe、Mn含量从开花期最低至成熟期达到最高,地下水位较高的果园叶片锰含量全年每个生育期均较高,在后期甚至超过适宜水平的1倍多。     

放牧影响下矮蒿草无性系分株结构动态

对高寒草甸不同放牧强度下矮蒿草无性系分株内各构件的年度动态进行了研究。结果表明,矮蒿草分株面积呈现V字型的变化规律,复合分蘖6月最低,增长到9月达到高峰,芽分蘖6月、7月开始增加到10月份达到高峰,复合分蘖和芽分蘖活叶数从6月开始增加到9月达到高峰。单分蘖和生殖秆分蘖活叶数6月份最高,以后逐渐降低。轻度放牧有利于复合分蘖数和单分蘖数的增加;中度放牧有利于芽分蘖的增加。     

牛蛙不同体部皮肤的组织学研究

通过制作石蜡切片,并利用苏木精—伊红染色法进行染色,对牛蛙不同部位的皮肤进行组织学观察;利用图像处理软件Image J 4.21测量皮肤厚度,运用SPSS 17.0软件对不同部位的皮肤厚度进行单因素方差分析。镜下观察组织切片可见,牛蛙的皮肤分为表皮和真皮,表皮由外向内可分为3层：角质层、颗粒层和生发层,真皮由疏松层和致密层组成。疏松层主要由网状结缔组织构成,也包括一些色素、颗粒腺和黏液腺。色素主要分布于表皮下的结缔组织中,颗粒腺和黏液腺的间隙的结缔组织中也有少量色素。鼓膜皮肤厚度显著小于其他部位皮肤厚度（P〈0.05）,前肢、后肢、泄殖孔的皮肤厚度差异不显著（P〉0.05）。不同部位皮肤分布的色素细胞、颗粒腺、黏液腺数量也不同,内侧的黏液腺多于外部,而颗粒腺在表皮分布多,在深层分布少。     

大样地循环采样的草地生物量空间异质性及误差分析

利用2008年和2010年青海省草地生物量野外采样结果,用变差函数探讨地下和地上生物量的空间变异情况,二者存在空间相关性的阈值分别为3720.52和2258.7 5 m。结果表明:玛多采样点前后2年地上生物量的变异程度都高于海北;2010年各样地地上生物量变化相对较小。珍秦/巴塘平均地下生物量高于海北地下生物量,玛多平均地下生物量最小;海北和玛多前后2年平均地下生物量年际间变异程度低于珍秦/巴塘样地。对海北、玛多、巴塘和珍秦的地下、地上生物量的误差进行分析,地下生物量和地上生物量误差变异不同。研究不同采样距离对误差的影响发现,随着采样距离的加大,不论地上还是地下生物量,其误差总体呈增加的趋势,但在2500 m采样间距下,地下生物量、地上生物量以及二者的比值都出现较为明显的低值。     

荒漠-绿洲过渡带不同生境芦苇草地群落土壤含水率与机械组成特征研究

通过调查民勤白土井的芦苇群落,对盐沼、盐碱地、覆沙地的芦苇群落、土壤机械组成、土壤水分等的空间分布进行分析,结果表明:随着生境不同,芦苇群落的伴生种数量和种类均表现出差异,盐沼地土壤含水率和植被覆盖度最大,物种丰富度最小。3种生境土壤含水率是盐沼盐碱地覆沙地。土壤水分决定芦苇生态型,盐沼地分布3种芦苇生态型。3种生境土壤颗粒组成主要以粉粒与沙粒为主,土壤质地以粉沙质壤土与沙质壤土为主,不同生境各层次间土壤机械组成存在差异。     

不同周龄SPF级SD大鼠胰腺自发性病变的组织学观察

研究不同周龄SPF级SD大鼠胰腺自发性病变的种类及其病变发生率,为药物安全性评价提供背景资料。收集3年安评试验中11、19、31周龄试验对照组大鼠胰腺制作病理切片,光学显微镜下观察SD大鼠胰腺病变的种类及组织形态学特点,并统计其病变发生率。结果显示,大鼠胰腺主要出现了以下病变:①单核细胞浸润:11周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.6%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.25%;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.96%。②腺泡细胞空泡变性:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为1.0%,其中雌性为0,雄性为2.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3%,其中雌性为2.1%,雄性为3.9%。③腺泡细胞萎缩、腺管增生:11周龄大鼠未观察到该病变的发生;19周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为0.5%,其中雌性为0,雄性为1.0%;31周龄大鼠该病变的总体发生率为3.0%,其中雌性为1.0%,雄性为4.9%。结果表明,SPF级大鼠胰腺可发生单核细胞浸润、腺泡细胞空泡变性、腺泡细胞萎缩及腺管增生等自发性病变,且病变发生率可随着年龄的增加而增加。     

368味兽用中药材的性味,归经,毒性与11种元素含量关系的研究

本文分析了３６８味兽用中药材１１种元素含量与其法定药性、药味、归经、毒性的关系。结果表明：各类药１１种元素总平含量是寒凉药〉平性药〉温热药、咸味药〉辛味药〉甘味药〉甘味药〉酸味药、肾经药〉肝经药〉大肠经药〉胆经药〉脾经药〉胃经药〉心经药〉肺经药〉小肠经药〉膀胱经药。统计发现，高Ｆｅ、高Ｍｎ、低Ｋ分别是寒凉药、温热药和平性药的元素谱征；咸味药含Ｆｅ、Ｚｎ、Ｎａ高而Ｌｉ低，辛味药含Ｚｎ、Ｃａ低，甘味药     

Study on Environmental Quality Parameters in Broiler House with Three-overlap Cages in Winter and Autumn

The study was conducted to detect the indoor environmental quality parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. In the process of feeding, the same farming house in the same farm was chosen to carry out the test. The indoor ambient temperature, humidity and the air quality were determined in chicken house in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in 4 different positions in the house. The experiment period was from 3 to 6 weeks of broilers.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ambient temperature between autumn and winter during experimental period (P >0.05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter (P <0.05).The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter, while ammonia level in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide in the house was significantly higher in winter than that in autumn (P <0.05). The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn (P <0.05). The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter, the humidity was reduced, the carbon dioxide concentration was increased, and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased.So, the ventilation should increase at the same time of heating in winter.     

The renal structure in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

The renal structure of a female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) was observed in both macroscopic and light microscopic levels. The left kidney was elongated-ellipse in shape, whereas the right appeared round. The left kidney was 31 cm in cranio-caudal length, 21 cm in medio-lateral length, and 2950 g in weight. The right kidney was 34 cm in cranio-caudal length, 22 cm in medio-lateral length, and 3250 g in weight. The external appearance showed the six separated renal lobes in both sides of the kidney. The four pairs of the lobes were fused in the deepest region in both sides of kidney, so we considered it as an incompletely lobated kidney in this species. We observed the proximal and distal urinary tubules in histological sections. Many renal corpuscles consisted of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. Many mesangial cells and some podocytes were confirmed in each glomerulus; however, Bowman's capsules were larger than those in other mammalian species.     

广西地区水牛乳微量元素含量及其影响因素研究

水牛乳是中国南方地区重要奶源，为了解中国广西地区水牛乳中微量元素含量及不同因素如地域、品种和泌乳期对水牛乳中微量元素含量的影响，于广西南宁市兴宁区、邕宁区和钦州市灵山县共3个水牛场采集了摩拉、尼里2个品种，3个泌乳时期的水牛乳样品共60份，通过微波消解，利用电感耦合等离子体质谱检测了铬（Cr）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、铜（Cu）、砷（As）、硒（Se）、铯（Cs）、钡（Ba）、钼（Mo）、铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、镍（Ni）共12种微量元素的含量，采用皮尔逊相关分析解析了12种元素含量之间的相关性，采用单因素方差分析比较了不同地域、品种和泌乳期水牛乳之间微量元素含量差异，采用多因素方差分析解析交互作用对元素含量的影响。结果表明，该法测定水牛乳12种微量元素含量的加标回收率在84.94%~120.91%之间。不同地域间水牛乳中Mn、Se、Cs、Ni含量差异显著（P<0.05），钦州市灵山县水牛乳中Mn、Cs含量较高，南宁市兴宁区水牛乳中Se、Ni含量较高；不同品种间水牛乳中Se、Ni含量差异显著（P<0.05），尼里水牛乳中Se、Ni含量高于摩拉水牛；不同泌乳期水牛乳中Mn、Co、Cu、Se、Mo含量差异显著（P<0.05），初乳中Co、Cu、Se含量较高，常乳中Mn含量较高，晚乳中Mo含量较高；地域与品种的交互作用对水牛乳中微量元素含量无显著影响。     

Ultrasonographic examination of the small intestine, large intestine and greater omentum in 30 Saanen goats

The small and large intestine of 30 healthy Saanen goats were examined ultrasonographically using a 5.0 MHz-linear transducer. The goats were examined on the right side, from the eighth rib to the caudal aspect of the flank. The small and large intestine could be easily differentiated. The descending duodenum could be imaged in 19 goats, and the jejunum and ileum seen in all goats. The jejunum and ileum were most often seen in cross-section and rarely in longitudinal section in the ventral region of the right flank. The intestinal contents were usually homogenously echoic, and active motility was observed in all the goats. The diameter of the small intestine was 0.8–2.7 cm (1.6 [0.33] cm). The spiral ansa of the colon was imaged in all the goats, and in 21 the caecum was also seen. Both these sections of large intestine were most commonly seen in the dorsal region of the right flank. The spiral ansa of the colon was easily identified by its spiral arrangement of centripetal and centrifugal gyri, which had a garland-like appearance. Because of intraluminal gas, only the wall of the colon closest to the transducer could be imaged. The diameter of the spiral colon ranged from 0.8 to 2.0 cm (1.1 [0.24] cm). Usually only the wall of the caecum closest to the transducer could be imaged and it appeared as a thick, echoic, slightly undulating line. The greater omentum could be seen in all the goats.     

层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍秋冬季节环境参数研究

试验旨在对商品肉鸡层叠式立体养殖模式的环境参数进行监控,分析不同季节笼养肉鸡环境参数的差异,为科学养殖提供数据支撑。选择规模化肉鸡养殖场的同一栋鸡舍,在秋季和冬季饲养周期中,采用分次多点测量法,连续监测3~6周龄肉鸡舍内温度、湿度和空气质量,测定点均匀分布在舍内4个位置,比较秋季和冬季舍内环境参数的变化。结果显示,在肉鸡生长后期,冬季舍内环境温度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;秋季舍内湿度显著高于冬季（P＜0.05）,两个季节的温湿度均可满足不同日龄肉鸡生长需求。有害气体和微生物检测结果显示,冬季舍内氨气浓度略高于秋季,差异不显著（P＞0.05）;冬季舍内二氧化碳浓度显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）;同时冬季舍内空气微生物总菌数显著高于秋季（P＜0.05）。层叠式立体笼养肉鸡舍内温度在不同季节可保持恒定;在冬季饲养期,舍内湿度降低,二氧化碳浓度升高,空气微生物总菌数升高。因此,冬季饲养肉鸡在做好保温的同时应适当增加通风换气。     

The topography of the thoraco-abdominal viscera in the ostrich (Struthio camelus)

The topography of the thoraco-abdominal viscera in the ostrich was studied in 20 birds varying in age from 2 weeks to 12 months. The lungs occupied the dorsal third of the thorax, and the heart lay in the cranioventral thorax perpendicular to the long axis of the body. There was no pleural cavity. The liver was situated in the caudoventral part of the thorax, and the proventriculus occupied the left cranial part of the abdomen between the 7th vertebral rib and the acetabulum. The gizzard lay in the cranioventral part of the abdomen, resting on the sternum and abdominal floor. The duodenum formed a loop from right to left, with the pancreas lying between the 2 limbs of the loop. The coiled jejunum and ileum occupied the ventral part of the abdomen between the gizzard and pelvis. The two caeca lay on either side of the terminal ileum with their apices in the pelvis. The rectum was the longest part of the intestine and could be divided into a thick proximal segment situated in the right dorsal part of the abdomen, and a thin distal part that occupied the left caudodorsal part of the abdomen. The trilobed kidneys lay along the ventral surface of the synsacrum, with the adrenal glands at their cranioventral poles. The testes lay ventrally to the cranial divisions of the kidneys, whereas the left ovary was situated ventrally to the cranial division of the left kidney. The spleen lay wedged in between the right kidney, caudal vena cava and proventriculus. The thyroid glands were situated at the cranial borders of the subclavian arteries, and the thymus lay at the base of the neck.     

鲤鱼急性喹乙醇中毒的病理学研究

试验对鲤鱼进行了喹乙醇急性中毒的病理学研究。喹乙醇对鲤鱼 (60± 5g)口服给药的LD50 为 :32 4 9 4mg/kg体重。中毒鱼表现出特征性的“应激性出血症” ,鳍条基部、嘴部和腹部充血、出血发红 ,肠道排出白色半透明粘液便 ,临死前出现明显的神经症状。病理组织学上 ,肝脂肪变性或水泡变性及凝固性坏死 ,肾上腺空泡变性 ,肠呈卡他性肠炎 ,肾小管上皮细胞、心肌纤维空泡变性 ;鳃小片水肿 ,上皮增生、变性、坏死和脱落。超微结构上 ,心肌、肝和肾小管上皮细胞的线粒体肿胀 ,嵴断裂、溶解 ,肝细胞内糖原颗粒减少。中毒早期肠上皮微绒毛断裂 ,脱落 ,随着病程的发展肠上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落。     

新疆伊犁某肉牛场大肠埃希菌及其毒力基因的检测

为了解新疆伊犁某肉牛场潜在的致病性大肠埃希菌,对新疆伊犁地区某养殖场2013年秋季和2014年夏冬两季的饲草料和粪样及定点屠宰场2013年和2014年秋季屠宰加工环节的样品进行大肠埃希菌的分离鉴定,采用PCR方法检测大肠埃希菌毒力基因(stx1和stx2、eae)存在的数量。结果表明,该养殖场饲草料样品在夏季、秋季、冬季的大肠埃希菌分离率分别为44.8%、31.4%和6.0%,其毒力基因的检出率为3.6%;该养殖场粪样样品在夏季、秋季、冬季的大肠埃希菌分离率分别为70.7%、75.0%和74.4%,其毒力基因的检出率为23.5%;定点屠宰场在加工环节样品中2013年和2014年秋季的大肠埃希菌分离率为32.4%和32.5%,只有1株菌株携带有毒力基因stx1和stx2,检出率为4.2%。新疆伊犁地区不同季节对饲草料中大肠埃希菌的污染分布具有影响,粪样中具有比较稳定的大肠埃希菌数量,其毒力基因的检出率最高。     

中国伞形科柴胡属果实结构的系统学价值

本文首次深入研究了中国柴胡属29种,5变种及2变形果实的三维结构。结构显示果实结构变化较大,分果表面平滑,横切面近圆形,脊略微突出。中果皮有两种分泌结构,伴生油管及非伴生油管（油管）。前者仅存在于少数物种,且直径小,后者包括不分支及分支油管。不分支油管存在于多数物种的沟（1～5）和结合面（2～7）,油管通常与分果近等长,但亦存在短油管。少数物种的油管呈分支状,在中果皮不规则分布。种皮由1或2层薄壁细胞构成。胚乳在结合面平直或微凹。中果皮无结晶。心皮柄多为2个,在结合面彼此相对。柴胡属果实的多数特征存在于芹亚科其他类群,但分支状油管及2层细胞的种皮仅见于牵环花亚科,变豆菜亚科及芹亚科的基础类群。柴胡属果实的解剖结构支持分子系统学将柴胡属位于芹亚科其他类群的基础位置。     

辽宁省羊寄生虫区系调查及高经济效益驱虫方案的研究：—辽宁省家畜寄生虫病综合防治技术推广

1999年1－12月，在全省七市、县设立31个调查点，进行了辽宁省羊寄生虫的区系调查。经调查了解了我省羊体内、外寄生虫的种类；优势虫种及其消长规律，体内寄生虫的优势虫是肝片形吸虫和消化道圆形线虫，体外寄生虫的优势虫种是蜱和螨。肝片形吸虫和消化道圆形线虫的排卵高峰期在3，7和11月份，在排卵高峰期前的2、6和10月末，用阿维菌素以0．2mg/kg体重剂量口服，7天后，再用丙硫本咪唑以10mg/kg体重剂量口服。用这两种药物复合应用进去驱虫，取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。     

简阳大耳羊繁殖性能研究

利用简阳大耳羊新品种世代选育过程中的系统资料,对简阳大耳羊繁殖性能进行了系统研究。结果表明：简阳大耳羊发情周期平均20.66 d,发情持续期平均48.52 h,妊娠期平均148.76 d;母羊全年均可繁殖配种、产羔,全年产羔仍然遵循＂春配秋产、秋配春产＂的规律;四世代初产母羊平均产羔率153.51%,经产母羊242.41%;年均产羔1.75只;四世代公羔平均初生重3.10 kg,母羔平均初生重2.95 kg。表明简阳大耳羊具有多胎、多羔,常年发情产羔,羔羊初生重较大,繁殖性能好的优良特性。     

Variation of gene frequencies in ASIP, MC1R and GREY loci in Thoroughbred horses

The objective of the study has been to verify the hypothesis that the coat colour is regarded in the selection of Polish Thoroughbred horse population. Formally, the colour is not a selection criterion in this breed selected mainly for speed. The material consisted of twelve groups of foals registered in successive volumes of the Stud Book (11,688 foals, in total) and their parents selected to the breeding stud. The frequency of alleles in ASIP, MC1R and GREY loci controlling the coat colours was estimated from the recessive phenotype frequency square in the groups of foals. The inflow of foreign genes was limited and the population great, hence the migration effect was very low. The drift and Wahlund effect hardly influenced the genetic structure in the groups which enabled to analyze the population not divided. The total offspring frequency of recessive a, e and g alleles amounted to 0.1552, 0.4877 and 0.9773, respectively. Accuracy of the assessment of the a and e frequency was confirmed on the basis of test matings. The a, e and g alleles were more frequent in dams than in sires and the a alleles occurred more often in fillies than in colts. The frequency of a and e alleles was higher in the offspring than in the parents. The genotype distribution in the offspring differed from the expected one, assessed from the gamete frequency in sires and in dams. Fewer bay foals were born than anticipated. All the results show that the coat colour is not entirely disregarded in the breeding of Thoroughbred horses. The dominant A and E alleles producing the colour are preferred in the selection, particularly in the sires. This leads to some alterations in the phenotypic structure of the population. On the other hand, the horses are mated randomly, irrespective of the coat colour.     

太湖鹅松果体的组织细胞结构研究

在光镜和电镜水平下对太湖鹅松果体组织结构和细胞结构进行研究，结果表明，鹅松果体主要由松查体细胞组成，其间夹有少数胶质细胞，松果体细胞偶尔排列为滤泡状，松果体细胞具有突起，胞核椭圆形，胞核椭圆形，圆形，线粒体常在胞附近集聚，粗面内质网丰富，高尔基体发达，胞质中有散在的游离核蛋白体，脂滴和溶酶体，胞突中微管方向与胞突平行，胞体中方向不一,质细胞的胞核不规则，胞体和胞突中含有微丝。