Analysis of DNA relationships among Aeromonas species by RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) typing

Genetic differences between a collection of aeromonads were studied in two laboratories by analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A single randomly designed primer, generated reproducible profiles of genomic DNA in both laboratories for Aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida, although the profiles differed between laboratories. Analysis of atypical strains of A. salmonicida and isolates of the A. hydrophila group produced scattered profiles in both laboratories. The uniform fingerprints produced for A. salmonicida subspecies salmonicida indicate genomic homogeneity. The scattered RAPD profiles of the motile aeromonads demonstrate the genomic diversity of this group. A group of unspeciated motile aeromonads gave uniform fingerprints, suggesting the possibility of a genomically homogeneous species. Although the RAPD technique is susceptible to the effects of minor technical variations, this study has demonstrated that where there is DNA similarity, it can be recognized, and where there is diversity, differentiation can be made. RAPD promises to be useful in epidemiological studies for rapid identification of bacteria where a source of reference DNA is available and may be useful in preliminary investigations of relatedness within groups.     

Evaluation of genetic relationship among six Labeo species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Labeo species constitute an important group of fish with intense diversity and potential for commercial aquaculture in many Southeast Asian nations including the Indian subcontinent. The present investigation involves the comparative analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of six Labeo species viz., L. bata (bata), L. calbasu (calbasu), L. dyocheilus (dyocheilus), L. fimbriatus (fimbriatus), L. gonius (gonius) and L. rohita (rohu) at the nuclear DNA variation level. Fifteen decamer random primers were chosen from 40, which amplified a total of 449 DNA fragments ranging in size from 400 to 3000 bp. Both monomorphic and polymorphic DNA bands were identified based on their presence or absence that could be used for specieswise differentiation. Similarity coefficients were calculated to quantify the genetic variation within and between species. On an average, the highest intra‐species genetic similarity value was found in calbasu (0.93) followed by rohu and fimbriatus (0.91), bata (0.87), gonius (0.86) and dyocheilus (0.77). The interspecies genetic similarity estimates among the species of Labeo were used to deduce their phylogenetic relationships. The cluster analysis showed two main clusters, one with calbasu, rohu, fimbriatus and gonius and another with bata and dyocheilus. The study provides evidence that RAPD could be used for genetic differentiation of closely related species.     

广东1个鲮原种群体的种质特征及遗传多样性分析

收集西江流域肇庆段的野生鲮鱼苗进行跟踪观察,记录其生长情况,测量形态参数,结果表明,该批鲮原种存在体色及生长性能等方面的分化一种体色淡黄,命名为子群体h,一种体色青,命名为子群体q;子群体h的生长性能优于子群体q。从2个子群体中各取24个个体进行RAPD分析。20条随机引物扩增共获得了179条清晰稳定的条带,其中多态性条带为82条。用popgen软件进行RAPD数据处理,结果是总群体的平均杂和度为0.1281,遗传距离为0.1232;子群体h的平均杂和度为0.1248,遗传距离为0.1151;子群体q的平均杂和度为0.1164,遗传距离为0.1010;2个子群体间的遗传距离值为0.1383。这个结果表明,该原种群体遗传多样性较高。     

中国对虾连续两代的DNA随机扩增多态性及其遗传规律分析

为评估DNA随机扩增多态性标记在中国对虾遗传连锁图谱构建中的应用前景,利用中国对虾单对交配亲本及其子二代材料,对RAPD标记及其遗传规律进行了研究。22条RAPD随机引物扩增结果的统计分析表明,标记在中国对虾F2的遗传规律可归为不分离标记和分离标记:不分离标记,指在亲本和后代中均不分离的标记,占总位点的54.1%;分离标记占总位点的45.9%。其中,分离标记又包括符合孟德尔遗传分离的标记、偏离孟德尔遗传分离标记和异常分离标记。符合孟德尔分离的标记中,分离比例为3∶1的标记占分离标记的14.7%;总的1∶1标记占分离标记的64.7%;偏离孟德尔分离和异常分离的标记分别占分离标记的11.7%和8.9%。在这些分离的标记中,有76.5%的位点在"双假测交理论"的策略中适合构建中国对虾的遗传连锁图谱,这为以中国对虾F2为作图群体,并利用RAPD标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。     

中华鳖五群体遗传变异的RAPD分析

从97个10碱基随机引物中筛选出30个多态性引物,对黄河鳖、淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖、鄱阳湖鳖及太湖鳖5个群体共100只个体进行RAPD分析.结果表明,中华鳖的遗传多样性较丰富.表现在(1)在获得的341条RAPD扩增带中,有234条(68.6%)呈现多态性;2个引物有可明显地反映种群差异的扩增带,其中S105扩增的1408bp在黄河鳖的出现频率仅为20%,而在另外4个群体的出现频率达80%～90%;S37扩增的438bp在5个群体的出现频率大小为黄河鳖85% >淮河鳖65% >洞庭湖鳖55% >鄱阳湖鳖40% >太湖鳖20%,呈现出从黄河到淮河到长江、从长江的中游到下游逐步降低的遗传渐变现象;(2)多态位点比例(P)的大小顺序为太湖鳖59.25%>洞庭湖鳖56.52%>鄱阳湖鳖55.80%>淮河鳖55.03%>黄河鳖54.43%,但5个群体间的差异不显著(F=0.644<F0.05;4,145=2.45);5群体内的遗传多态度(π)在0.3644～0.3883间;(3)群体内遗传相似度大小顺序为淮河鳖0.782>黄河鳖0.771>鄱阳湖鳖0.768>洞庭湖鳖0.750>太湖鳖0.722,其中太湖鳖与黄河鳖、淮河鳖、鄱阳湖鳖3个群体间的差异显著(P <0.05);(4)分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,黄河鳖与淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖及鄱阳湖鳖3个群体间,太湖鳖与黄河鳖、淮河鳖2个群体间有极显著的遗传分化(P<0.001);(5)根据遗传距离,用UPGMA 和NJ法进行聚类分析表明黄河鳖与淮河鳖、洞庭湖鳖与鄱阳湖鳖分别先聚在一起,最后再与太湖鳖聚类,显示太湖鳖在基因组上与其它4个群体鳖存在明显歧化.     

Genetic diversity in common carp stocks assayed by random-amplified polymorphic DNA markers

The common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is one of the major aquaculture species, contributing nearly 35% to the inland fish production in Karnataka, India. Stocks collected from Hungary (2), Indonesia and Vietnam were assessed alongside two local stocks in a series of culture performance trials with the objective of setting up a base population for developing a breeding programme. The present study deals with the genetic divergence and polymorphism in these six stocks using random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 180 decamer random primers were screened for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification (OPA 1‐20, OPB1‐20, OPC1‐20, OPD1‐20, OPE1‐20, OPF1‐20, OPG1‐20, OPP1‐20 and OPM1‐20). Eight primers were selected for analysis of common carp genotypes (OPA‐7, OPA‐20, OPB‐17, OPF‐10, OP F‐9, OPG‐4, OPG‐9 and OPP‐16). Out of 492 bands recorded, 57.1% were polymorphic. Stepwise regression analysis was carried out to find best combination markers affecting body weight (P<0.001). The results demonstrate major differences in the genetic structures between different stocks. Dendrogram data showed grouping of individuals according to stocks and corresponding data variables revealed the per cent homology within the stock and also found markers correlating to the body weight.     

基于形态和分子标记的三种鲭科鱼类鉴别新方法

为找到日本鲭(Scomber japonicus)、澳洲鲭(S.australasicus)和羽鳃鲐(Rastrelliger kanagurta)这三种鲭科鱼类鉴别的新标记,采用形态框架等形态分析方法和线粒体标记的方法开展研究.共分析采自海南的33 ind样本,其中日本鲭19 ind,澳洲鲭9 ind,羽鳃鲐5 in...     

Detection of hybrids between masu salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncorhynchus masou masou</Emphasis> and amago salmon <Emphasis Type="Italic">O. m. ishikawae</Emphasis> occurred in the Jinzu River using a random amplified polymorphic DNA technique

Identification of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou masou and amago salmon O. m. ishikawae was accomplished using a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Of 80 primers screened, three primers amplified subspecies-specific fragments (OPA11-1095 ^*, OPB5-1618^* and OPD5-2038 ^*). Based on fragment patterns, 33 hybrids were detected among 150 upstream-migrating individuals in the Jinzu River, central Japan, a long-time habitat of masu salmon, to which amago salmon were recently introduced. All of the individuals examined in the 2000–2002 cohorts were identified as F ₁ and F _x as well as pure masu and amago forms. These results indicated continuing hybridization, the genetic pollution of the native masu salmon population by amago salmon possibly being a serious problem in the Jinzu River. Both standard length and body weight in F ₁ hybrids tended to be less than in pure masu salmon. However, F _x hybrids showed similar body sizes to masu salmon.     

中国对虾5个地理群体的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对取自辽东湾、渤海湾、海州湾、乳山湾及海洋岛5个群体的中国对虾共95个个体的遗传多样性进行分析。14个随机引物共检测出103个位点(200～2500bp),各群体的多态位点比例在31．07％～34．95％之间。遗传距离显示中国对虾群体间有一定遗传分化,其中辽东湾和乳山湾群体问的遗传距离最大(0．0742),而辽东湾和渤海湾群体间的遗传距离最小(为0．0243),群体间的遗传分化系数为0．2083。整体来看,中国对虾的遗传变异水平较低,遗传多态度为0．1621。用UPGMA对5个群体进行聚类分析,构建谱系关系图。     

Genetic diversity of Nile tilapia populations revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Genetic diversity of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected from the river Nile (Cairo, Assuit and Qena) and two Delta lakes (Burullus and Manzalla) in Egypt was examined by the analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 25 primers examined,21 primers produced 230 RAPD bands. The percentage of polymorphic bands in Manzalla (29.4%) and Burullus (24%) populations was low compared with Assuit (30.54%), Cairo (33.5%) and Qena (44.84%) populations. The highest percentage of polymorphic bands was observed in the Qena population,suggesting a greater potential for use in breeding programs. The molecular phylogenetic tree constructed by unweighted pair‐group method of analysis shows Manzalla and Burullus populations strongly linked and separate from the Assuit and Cairo populations, with Qena population as outgroup. The data serve as a baseline analysis of the current genetic diversity found among O. niloticus populations in Egypt.     

Use of microsatellite DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism for Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex identification

Formosa landlocked salmon (Oncorhynchus masou formosanus), an endemic, critically endangered subspecies of Cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) complex, is only found in Taiwan. Because the eyed eggs and ungutted carcasses of Pacific salmons (genus Oncorhynchus) are imported for aquaculture and food to Taiwan from overseas every year, the requirement for preventing illegal trade or accidental commercial imports to avoid unwanted fish from contaminating the gene pool of Formosa landlocked salmon and infect them with diseases is critical for the conservation of Formosa landlocked salmon. Traditional morphology‐based species identification is impossible for salmon eggs and larvae that lack clearly defined morphological features. In the present study, the genetic differences among four subspecies (Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae, O. masou subsp., Oncorhynchus masou masou and O. masou formosanus) of Cherry salmon complex were determined from microsatellite DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism analyses. We successfully generated a genetic marker to aid traditional taxonomy and investigate the integrity of the current taxonomic status among members of Cherry salmon complex. Use of molecular markers, in combination with traditional morphological identification, is a promising tool for identifying four closely related subspecies of Cherry salmon complex.     

条斑紫菜6个品系的SRAP分析

为鉴别条斑紫菜不同品系的种质,使用相关序列扩增多态性(sequence-related amplified polymorphism,SRAP)标记对条斑紫菜的5个选育品系和1个野生品系进行遗传分析,结果从35对引物组合中筛选出可扩增出稳定清晰条带的组合11对,共获得131个扩增位点,其中多态性位点125个,多态性比例高达95.42%。6个品系 间的遗传距离为0.364 3～0.867 9,平均为0.593 0。用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果将6个品系分为2个群,所反映的亲缘关系与各品系的来源基本一致,说明SRAP 标记技术可以成为条斑紫菜品系间遗传分析的有效工具。在131个多态性位点中,选择扩增出的4个位点构建了6个品系的指纹图谱。另外,通过ME1/EM6引物组合 扩增得到耐高温品系TM-18的特异性条带,经回收测序和重新设计引物,该条带在其丝状体和叶状体DNA中均能稳定地被扩增出来,可用于该品系的种质鉴别 。     

基于SCAR标记的坛紫菜“闽丰1号”多重PCR鉴定技术的建立

为建立坛紫菜“闽丰1号”(Z-26)品系的种质分子鉴定方法,采用300条RAPD引物对6个坛紫菜纯系进行标记扫描,从中筛选出“Z-26”品系的特异性随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)标记9个,经克隆和测序,其中两个特异性标记成功转化为特异SCAR标记(Z26-600和Z26-360),标记片段大小分别为530 bp和242 bp.并进一步通过4个不同实验验证,确定Z26-600和Z26-360两个标记是坛紫菜“Z-26”品系的特异和稳定性标记.最后为进一步简化种质鉴定程序,建立更为便捷和准确的种质鉴定方法,经过条件优化,以此两个标记为基础建立了坛紫菜“Z-26”品系的多重PCR鉴定方法,该方法可以在一次PCR反应中同时鉴定两个特异性标记.     

Genetic evaluation of interindividual relatedness for broodstock management of the rare species barfin flounder Verasper moseri using microsatellite DNA markers

ABSTRACT:   The barfin flounder has been recently declared to be rare, as the number of wild individuals in Japan has greatly reduced since 1975. The Japanese National Center for Stock Enhancement started the stocking program for this species on 1987. In the present study, microsatellite DNA loci were applied in order to determine the pedigree of the hatchery-produced juveniles for stock enhancement. Additionally, using six polymorphic microsatellite markers, the accuracy to assign dyads to categories of kinship was estimated using the relatedness estimator ( R _XY), similarity indexes (individual genetic identity [GI] and proportion of shared alleles [ P _S]), identification of kin groups using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering based on interindividual genetic distances (1- R _XY, 1- P _S, and 1-GI), a likelihood ratio approach, and partition methods to separate individuals into cohorts. The results were compared with the pedigree relationship previously obtained from parentage analysis. Estimation of the kinship relationship between individuals could be better inferred by means of UPGMA dendrogram clustering based on 1-GI or 1- P _S as interindividual genetic distances, or using computer software to perform partitioning of set of individuals.     

新疆赛里木湖3种引进白鲑鱼类的DNA条形码分析

本研究采用DNA条形码技术对新疆赛里木湖引进种贝加尔凹目白鲑(Coregonus migratorius)、高白鲑(Coregonus peled)和宽鼻白鲑(Coregonus nasus)进行了种质鉴定和遗传多样性分析。单倍型检测发现,3种白鲑共检测到15种单倍型,其中贝加尔凹目白鲑独享5种,宽鼻白鲑7种,高白鲑5种,后二者共享2种单倍型为高白鲑特有单倍型,表明二者存在不同程度的基因交流,高白鲑可能将其基因通过杂交渐渗到宽鼻白鲑群体内。系统发育分析显示,15种单倍型分成3组分别聚类在3个不同分支上,每个分支所属白鲑分别与其发表序列聚在一起,表明赛里木湖引进的3种白鲑仍保持着原种良好的种源特性;而贝加尔凹目白鲑的近缘种秋白鲑(Coregonus autumnalis)则单独聚为一支,与贝加尔凹目白鲑的遗传距离最大(0.027),支持将二者划分为两个独立种。遗传多样性分析显示,3种白鲑的遗传多样性适中,但由于宽鼻白鲑存在杂交的可能性,因而其遗传多样性高于贝加尔凹目白鲑和高白鲑。建议赛里木湖渔业生产部门继续在繁殖、捕鱼等生产方式上进行科学规划,引进先进的种质鉴定技术,避免人工杂交造成的种质污染;同时维持和提高白鲑属鱼类的遗传多样性,保证湖区特色渔业的可持续发展。     

珠母贝属6个种的ITS 2分子标记研究

对珠母贝属的大珠母贝、珠母贝、白珠母贝、黑珠母贝、长耳珠母贝、黑珠母贝和合浦珠母贝6个种的内部转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列及其两侧的5.8S和28S的部分序列进行了比较分析。其中黑珠母贝的序列来自GenBank。PCR扩增片段大小为600bp左右,测序结果表明,ITS2长211～254bp,两端的5.8S和28S分别长84bp和272bp(均含引物)。序列比对分析结果表明,5.8S和28S序列高度保守,不适合于种类鉴定,而ITS2序列高度变异,270个比对位点中有146个位点发生突变,其中72个位点发生插入/缺失突变。除白珠母贝和黑珠母贝之间的遗传距离较小外,其余种类之间的遗传距离远远大于种内遗传距离。基因型分析表明,每个种具有各自特有的基因型。基因型和序列变异分析表明ITS2序列可作为珍珠贝种类鉴定的分子标记。可用于种间、杂交育种、幼体和珍珠贝肉等材料的种类鉴定与遗传分析。     

Genetic variation of Rutilus rutilus caspicus (Jakowlew 1870) populations in Iran based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers: a preliminary study

Rutilus rutilus caspicus is regarded as a valuable fish species both for angling and commercial food in Iran. This fish is also considered as a significant food source for beluga sturgeon. The genetic diversity of this fish species collected from two geographical areas (Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland) along the Iranian coastline of the Caspian Sea was examined using the analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Using 10 decamer primers, the total number of RAPD bands produced in both Gorgan Bay and Anzali Wetland populations were 94 bands. The percentages of polymorphic bands were comparable in Anzali Wetland (41.48%) and Gorgan Bay (43.61%), suggesting similar levels of polymorphism of the two populations to be used for establishing selective breeding programmes. The value of Nei's genetic distance (d=0.04) among populations was small, despite the large geographic separation. The data serve as a baseline analysis of current genetic diversity found among R. rutilus caspicus populations in Iran.