“十三五”期间我国农产品质量安全监管工作目标任务

农产品质量安全是全面建成小康社会需要着力解决的问题,也是推进农业现代化需要重点突破的问题。本文充分肯定了2015年及"十二五"期间我国农产品质量安全工作取得的成效,全面总结了"十二五"农产品质量安全监管创新的经验,深入分析了"十三五"我国农产品质量安全工作面临的形势要求,明确提出了"十三五"工作思路,对当前和今后5年我国农产品质量安全监管工作的重点任务进行了部署。     

关于加强我国农产品质量安全工作的思考

农产品质量安全是全社会普遍关注的重大民生问题。本文阐述了确保农产品质量安全的重要性,分析了我国农产品质量安全面临的严峻形势,剖析了农产品质量安全的影响因素,有针对性地提出了加强我国农产品质量安全工作的政策建议。     

我国质量兴农推进方向及策略

推动农业高质量发展的底线是确保农产品质量安全。本文全面总结了2018年我国质量兴农工作的成果成效,深入分析了当前我国农产品质量安全工作存在的问题和挑战,研究指出了新时期我国农产品质量安全推进方向及工作方法,强调提出了2019年农产品质量安全工作的极端重要性及重点目标任务,对当前和今后一个时期我国质量兴农及农产品质量安全工作具有十分重要的指导作用。     

2021年我国农产品质量安全工作进展及2022年重点任务

本文全面总结了2021年我国农产品质量安全工作进展,肯定了监管工作取得的积极成效,分析指出了当前工作中存在的差距与不足,提出了2022年我国农产品质量安全监管的工作思路,并对下一步监管工作作出具体部署。     

到2025年，重庆市优质绿色品牌农产品将稳定在3000个

正2020年12月25日,"全市农产品质量安全工作体系2020年工作总结会"在重庆市铜梁区举行。会议透露,2020年重庆市新发展绿色食品822个,有机农产品27个,地理标志农产品12个。截至2020年12月,重庆市有效期内"三品一标"产品总数5 593个,超额实现3 000个的"十三五"目标,总产量1 346.24万吨,总面积70.56万公顷。     

农业部农产品质检中心（重庆）2007年工作成效显著

在2008年5月29日召开的“2007年度农产品质量安全工作表彰大会”上,农业部农产品质量安全监督检验测试中心（重庆）等16个单位被重庆市农业局评为农产品质量安全工作先进集体,我院质标所副所长、中心（重庆）副主任柴勇研究员获先进个人,在会上受到表彰。2007年,农业部农产品质检中心（重庆）按照农业部和市委、市政府关于加强农产品质量安全工作总体部署,共完成农业部农产品质量安全整治任务3项8次,完成重庆市农业局农产品质量安全整治任务4项12次,全市各区县45个蔬菜生产基地、     

无公害农产品发展的问题与对策

为解决我国农产品质量安全问题，适应新时期农业和农村经济结构战略调整和加入WTO的需要，提高我国农产品质量安全水平和市场竞争力，农业部2002年开始在全国范围内全面推进“无公害食品行动计划”。经过努力我国无公害农产品工作得到明显加强，农产品安全状况有了明显的改善，但全面提高农产品质量安伞面临的形势仍然不容乐观。     

农产品质量安全学科建设成效与科技需求展望

农产品质量安全学是研究农产品从农田到餐桌全过程与质量安全有关的理论、方法和规律的科学.本文系统梳理了"十三五"以来我国农产品质量安全学科建设取得的历史性新进展,采用传统的科学计量定量评估方法和对标定性评议分析相结合的分析方式,分析了当前学科发展的短板和不足,提出农产品质量安全科技需求展望.     

山西省“三品”质量安全监管工作的探析

农产品作为人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,其质量安全直接关系到人民群众的身体健康和生命安全,关系到社会稳定和国家长治久安,关系到党和政府的形象。在2012年全国农产品质量安全监管工作会议上,农业部副部长陈晓华在讲话时强调：各级农业部门要紧紧围绕“努力确保不发生重大农产品质量安全事件”的目标不动摇,     

食品安全监管体制改革后做好农产品质量安全工作的几点思考

2013年国务院机构改革和职能转变方案对我国食品安全监管体制改革作出了全面部署。本文研究了此次食品安全监管体制改革的主要特点,分析了农产品质量安全工作面临的新任务新挑战,提出了在新的监管体制框架下进一步做好农产品质量安全工作的对策建议和保障措施。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

圆叶决明的栽培技术及其防蚀培肥的功效

经多年种植结果表明，圆叶决明具有覆盖率高、固氮率高、适应性和抗逆性强等特点，是山地茶果园水土流失地套种的先锋作物，本文阐述了圆叶决明的特征特性、栽培技术以及防治水土流失、培肥地力的作用。     

Soil organic matter and the adsorption and decomposition of the herbicides atrazine and linuron

Soil was subjected to a variety of treatments so as to provide a series of materials with different organic residues. These preparations were inoculated with an aqueous extract of untreated soil, then incubated at 20°C with atrazine or linuron and rates of herbicide degradation were followed. The rates were lowest when virtually all the organic matter had been removed by peroxidation. The most rapid break-down occurred in samples which had been successively extracted with ethanol + toluene, hot water, dilute acid and dilute alkali. It is suggested that the organic residue left after this sequence contained hydrolysed materials that were easily metabolized and hence could support the most active microbial population. There was no relationship between extent of adsorption and decomposition rate.     

Mobility and breakdown of asulam in the soil and the possible impact on the environment

Asulam reaching the soil either directly as spray drift or as rain washings from bracken fronds would, due to its rapid mobility in soil, be expected to leach down the soil profile into the drainage water and thereby contaminate streams and water catchments. The mobility of asulam in soil is influenced by pH, where undissociated asulam will leach less rapidly than the associated form (asulam pK_a 4·82). This is particularly relevant in the case of bracken as it can grow satisfactorily over a wide range of pH values (3·6 – 7·6). Adsorption coefficients expressed as Kd values [(μg asulam/g soil)/(μg asulam/ml solution)] were 2·54, 1·94 and 0·96 at pH readings of 4·0, 4·3 and 4·9 respectively. Another factor involved, the breakdown of asulam, was shown to be temperature dependent, 30·95, 7·65 and 2·50% remaining after 28 days at 5, 18 and 25°C respectively, thus underlining the influence of geographical regions and climatic conditions on asulam behaviour.     

甘蔗节间蛋白质含量与生长发育关系的研究

选用8个不同基因型的甘蔗，即粤糖86-368、新台糖16号、农林8号、拔地拉、割手密和从甘蔗杂交后代F1中选出的3株种茎的无性系(单株)。在甘蔗伸长初期，测定其 2节间至 8节间的长度、茎径，同时取 3、 5、 8节间，测定其可溶性蛋白质、细胞壁离子型结合蛋白质、细胞壁共价型结合蛋白质及可溶性总糖的含量。结果表明：从 2节间到 8节间，不同基因型的节间长度的变化极为相似，除割手密外，其它基因型甘蔗的节间长度都在 6节达到最长；但其茎径在 6节间以后仍保持稍微的增粗。从 3节间到 5、 8节间，所有基因型的三类蛋白质含量都逐渐下降，而可溶性总糖含量都逐渐提高。其中，三个节间较粗的基因型即拔地拉、粤糖86—368和无性系3号，其三类蛋白质含量相对较高，而可溶性总糖含量相对较低。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

图书馆与大力发展文化创意产业之间的关系

党的十七届六中全会提出了要推动文化创意产业成为国民经济的支柱性产业。图书馆拥有丰富的文献资源和信息服务能力,在为文化创意产业项目提供信息服务的同时,应提升自身形象,谋求更大发展。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.