甘肃陇南油橄榄种植现状、意义及产业化发展策略

油橄榄属油料树种,果实有食用和医疗价值,引入中国后其相关的产业得到迅速发展。主要探讨油橄榄在甘肃的种植现状、意义,之后再针对油橄榄产业化发展存在的问题总结出相应对策,目的是促进油橄榄产业稳定、健康发展。     

陇南山地油橄榄建园技术初探

参考甘肃陇南油橄榄树种生长发育特点,结合当地气候和地理条件,并于油橄榄原产地的主要环境因子进行比较分析,确定适合甘肃陇南的油橄榄最佳建园技术,为产业健康发展打下坚实基础。     

油橄榄品种豆果在云南丽江栽培技术

经过8年种植观测,油橄榄品种豆果在云南省丽江市结果良好,具有含油率高、抗旱、抗寒、抗病、大小年不明显、经济效益显著等特点。总结出豆果在丽江市的丰产栽培技术,可在丽江市范围内油橄榄适生区推广种植。     

早酥梨高产栽培及病虫害防治技术研究

当前伴随经济社会的高速发展,人们的生活水平也获得了极大提升,与此同时对于水果的需求不断加大,为了满足人们日益增长的水果需求,扩大果树种植显得越发重要起来。早酥梨作为一种早熟梨品种,不仅酥脆爽口,汁甜味美,同时种植早酥梨还有非常可观的经济效益,因此早酥梨成为人们喜欢种植的一种重要果树品种。甘肃张掖地区得天独厚的气候条件与土壤条件,成为早酥梨的优生区。近年来,随着农业种植结构不断调整,早酥梨种植面积逐渐扩大,成为当地重要的主栽果树品种之一,为了有效提高早酥梨的产量和质量,推动当地早酥梨产业的持续健康发展,在早酥梨种植过程当中应当充分重视高产栽培技术的应用,强化早酥梨种植过程当中病虫害防治,为早酥梨生长提供更为有利的条件,控制和降低病虫害因素对早酥梨造成的不利影响,对提高早酥梨的产量和品质,增加农民收入,推动当地早酥梨产业的持续稳步发展具有非常重要的现实意义。本文主要对早酥梨高产栽培及病虫害防治技术进行探讨,以供参考。     

永仁县油橄榄产业发展的优势

油橄榄作为省、州重点扶持和培育的林业产业,近年来,永仁县委、政府高度重视,着力打造油橄榄产业特色县,通过采取"公司+农户+基地"的发展模式,先后引进了云南绿源、恩威集团油橄榄公司到永仁县种植油橄榄。目前,油橄榄这一新兴林业产业在永仁县取得了长足发展。     

希腊油橄榄产学研联动经验对我国油橄榄发展的启示

为提高我国油橄榄产业化发展水平,在学习借鉴希腊油橄榄产学研联动经验基础上,参考希腊油橄榄原产地油橄榄种植、加工、质量控制、产品检测、有机认证等方面的先进技术,结合我国油橄榄生产实际,提出了加快我国油橄榄产业发展的建议。     

油橄榄新品种‘澳利欧2号’

‘澳利欧2号’油橄榄是在四川省凉山州冕宁县选育出的新品种。早实性强,栽后第2年即开花结果,第3年正式投产,第4年进入盛产期,单株平均产量可达8.44 kg。单果质量 2 ~ 3 g,鲜果含油率17.20%,不饱和脂肪酸含量81.34%。11月中上旬成熟。具有较强的适应性与丰产稳产性,适宜在凉山州及气候相似的山地和丘陵地种植。     

密植早实核桃幼丰产栽培技术

近年来,早实核桃凭借着自身生长周期短、产量高、可取全仁等优势得到了广大种植户的青睐,因此,越来越多的种植户开始尝试种植早实核桃,以此来获取更好的经济效益。一时间,早实核桃丰产栽培技术受到了广大种植户的高度关注。鉴于此,就密植早实核桃幼稚丰产栽培技术进行简要介绍,以此来为广大种植户提供一定的参考依据。     

甜樱桃栽植当年管理技术要点

正甘肃天水地区是全国甜樱桃种植的适宜区和全国优质甜樱桃生产基地。近些年,樱桃价格高,效益好,种植面积逐年扩大。但由于农户定植后管理技术不到位,造成新建园树龄不统一,长势不均衡,幼树成园难,难早果,难丰产。为达到甜樱桃栽植早果丰产,笔者将近年甜樱桃栽植当年的管理技术总结如下,以供栽植户参考。     

南方葡萄棚架避雨栽培技术

针对南方高温高湿地区葡萄种植病虫害发生严重的问题,提出通过搭棚避雨、加强苗期肥水管理,有效减少葡萄病虫害的发生,让葡萄早结丰产,促进南方葡萄产业的发展。     

Biotransformations of phenolic compounds in Olea europaea L.

Phenolic compounds are a diverse range of secondary metabolites derived from the shikimate pathway and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Olea europaea L. contains a number of unusual phenolics including various oleosides. The amounts and types of phenolics vary markedly between leaf, fruit, stone, and seed. The metabolic relationships between the various parts and phenolic content are poorly understood. Interest in this area is related to the importance of the phenolic profile to the aesthetics and quality of olive products, and to the use of olive leaves in phytomedicines.     

油橄榄中橄榄苦苷的研究进展

油橄榄富含多种功能活性成分,该研究主要介绍了油橄榄中多酚类物质的含量特点、提取分离、分析鉴定和生物活性,以期为油橄榄的进一步开发利用提供理论参考。     

Reproductive and vegetative bud differentiation in Olea europaea L.

Summary

The apical meristem of cv. Nocellara Etnea buds is described in the course of its anatomical progression, from July until bud break, the following spring. Differences in the apex of potentially vegetative and flower buds are already visible in the summer. In leaf buds the apex is a round dome, with two buttresses determined by leaf primordia. The cells of the outer layers are arranged in concentric rings, distinguished by different conditions of the nucleic acids. In flower buds the apical dome is less prominent, and the outer cell layers are histologically quite uniform. These characteristics remain unchanged in flower buds, and are little modified in leaf buds, until December; in January flower bud differentiation becomes more active, and both bud types start developing with increasing intensity. Our observations postulate a very early anatomical separation of the two bud types, on which further environmental factors might determine the final differentiation process.     

In vitro plantlet regeneration of Olea europaea ssp. maderensis

Different media were assayed for Olea europaea L. ssp. maderensis Lowe micropropagation. Shoot elongation and propagation was more efficient on DKW medium supplemented with 4.4 μM BA and 0.4 μM IBA. Higher branching was obtained on OM medium supplemented with 18.2 μM zeatin. Rooting was achieved at higher rates on half strength DKW medium supplemented with 20.7 μM IBA. Plants were acclimated to greenhouse and up to now no morphological changes were observed among the regenerated in vitro plants.     

Identification of Olea europaea L. cultivars using inter-simple sequence repeat markers

Two inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers (one UBC-818, rich in CA and the other UBC-849, rich in GT) were used for the differentiation of 31 Olea europaea L. cultivars grown in Greece. Amplification products were visualized using the silver staining technique. Genetic similarities were calculated using the Jaccard similarity coefficient. The resulting similarity matrix was subjected to the UPGMA clustering method for dendrogram construction and cultivar differentiation. Both ISSR primers showed high degrees of polymorphism. Primer UBC-818 yielded more bands (51) than UBC-849 (33) and helped in uniquely identifying all 31 cultivars while the UBC-849 primer led to the identification of only 27. The present results along with those of other researchers show that ISSRs can be used for cultivar differentiation in O. europaea L.     

Initial fruit set at high temperature in olive,Olea europaea L.

SUMMARY

The effects of temperature on the progamic phase, fertilization and initial fruit set in cross pollinated olives were studied to determine the reasons for poor fruit set when high temperatures occur during the bloom period. Fruit set in ‘Manzanillo’ olive was completely inhibited at 30°C constant temperature. This temperature significantly reduced pollen germination but did not prevent pollen tube growth. Ovule penetration by the pollen tube was observed in 47% of the flowers at 30°C; however, the lack of growth of both functional ovules and ovaries suggests problems in zygote formation or endosperm development. The most favourable temperature was 25°C, in which faster pollen tube growth, more and earlier fertilization, and more fruit set occurred. At 20°C pollen tube growth was slower, resulting in delayed and reduced fertilization.     

Temperature requirements for the germination of olive seeds (Olea europaea L.)

Summary

Olive seeds cv Chondrolia Chalkidikis were subjected to temperatures of 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C for one, two or three months, and were then transferred to 20°C. Exposure to 10° and 15° for one month or more caused higher emergence percentages compared to that at a constant 20°C. The highest germination rate was observed when seeds subjected to 10°C for one month were then transferred to 20°C. Seeds at 5°, 25° and 30°C did not germinate while being held to these temperatures; even when transferred to 20°C the percentage and rate of emergence were lower than those of seeds held at constant 20°C. In another experiment, in which seeds were subjected to 10°C for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks before being transferred to 20°C, it was found that four weeks exposure to 10°C was near optimal. Emergence percentages of seeds at constant 10°C or at diurnally alternating temperatures of 10° for 16 h/20° for 8 h were high and equal (92%), but emergence in the latter treatment was slower. Alternating 10° with 25°C resulted in a 95% reduction of the emergence percentage. Transferring seeds immediately after chilling at 10°C for three or four weeks to 25°C, partially reversed the effect of the low temperature. However, the chilling effect could not be reversed when the seeds were subjected to 10°C for five weeks.     

Polyamine analysis in salt stressed plants of olive (Olea europaea L.)

A rapid and sensitive method to analyse polyamines in olive (Olea europaea L.) tissues was developed, using thin-layer chromatography and densitometry. Putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spn) were detected at very low tissue concentrations. The involvement of polyamines during salt stress was assessed by supplying one year old olive plants (cvs Leccino and Carolea) with different NaCl concentrations in sand culture. Control plants always contained more Put than Spd and Spn. Salt induced the accumulation of Spd and Spn. Furthermore a dramatic decrease in root Put content was observed in plants supplied with increasing NaCl concentrations (50-150 mM). These results differ from those of previous experiments on polyamine accumulation induced by other stresses, indicating a need to optimize sampling procedures.     

Histology of somatic embryogenesis in mature tissues of olive (Olea europaea L.)

Summary

This anatomical investigation on olive secondary somatic embryos describes several aspects of embryo development, including proembryoid origin and growth, aspects of tissue differentiation, localization of somatic embryogensis, and starch occurrence. The failure of a number of secondary somatic embryos to develop into perfect structures is to be ascribed to defects in the last growth stages (fused embryos, fused cotyledons) and/or to tissue degeneration processes affecting both imperfect and apparently perfect somatic embryos.     

Inter- and intra-varietal analysis of three Olea europaea L. cultivars using the RAPD technique

Summary

Characterization and selection of olive clones for the production of olive oil is essential in Portugal because of its profitable exploitation. “Moura-Serpa” is the most important Portuguese region for the production of olive oil relying on three cultivars for oil quality. These are ‘Galega Vulgar’, ‘Cordovil de Serpa’ and ‘Verdeal Alentejana’. Therefore, it is of great importance to guarantee the varietal certification of the young trees and the establishment of new orchards. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used to characterize these three cultivars. Analysis started using twenty primers that allowed us to distinguish the three cultivars and to select a reduced set of primers. The selected primers were used for inter- and intra-varietal analysis and for establishing a profiling system to assay genetic diversity in other olive cultivars. The method has the potential for use in varietal certification and breeding programmes that need to analyse a high number of samples.