围场栎属柞树多样性及生态地位研究

栎属“柞树”指蒙古栎与辽东栎，属于围场地带性建群植物，其资源丰富、分布广泛。采用抽样调查方法，对围场常见的5类柞树林植物多样性进行分析，结果表明：柞树林植物多样性显著，林内有多种花灌木、药用植物和国家珍贵树种，其植物多样性因柞树林类型和立地条件不同而存在显著差异。进一步研究发现：柞树林既是很好的薪炭林和用材林，亦可作为园林树种，在围场防护林体系建设中潜在发挥着生物防火功能。     

北方香菇段木栽培技术方案实施细则

1 段木准备1.1 树种 栽培香菇的主要树种为柞树。其次有榆树,色木,白牛槭,水曲柳,胡桃楸及黑桦。1.2 选择菇木的标准 ①直径在8～20cm的原木。枝桠及树头均可;②生长在阳坡的树木比阴坡的树木产量高。1.3 菇木的采伐季节 以树木处于休眠状态时为最佳,一般应掌握在“冬至”后至翌年“立     

采用黑光灯防治栎粉舟蛾

1 基本情况栎粉舟蛾Fentonia ocypete Bremer又叫细翅舟蛾,在辽宁一年发生1代,主要为害蒙古栎、辽东栎、板栗、榛等树种。凤城满族自治县位于辽宁东部山区,以柞蚕为主要经济来源之一,又是省内板栗的生产基地,所以防治栎粉舟蛾是一项重要任务。 1984年,我县局部地区栎粉舟蛾猖獗发生,大面积蚕场和柞树叶片被吃光,严重地影响了柞树林的生长发育,同时也使柞蚕严重减     

退化柞蚕场人工促进柞树-红松混交林修复关键技术研究

近年来退化柞蚕场栽植红松成为辽东山区一种被林农广泛接受的生态恢复模式;但是,目前对这种恢复模式的适用范围、具体技术和实施效果还不甚了解。通过对辽东山区典型退化柞蚕场营建的柞树-红松混交林林分生长规律、红松结实规律的调查分析,初步揭示了该区域退化柞蚕场营建柞树-红松混交林的生长情况,确定了退化柞蚕场生态恢复柞树-红松混交林的最适造林密度。研究结果可为辽东山区退化柞蚕场生态恢复提供科学参考。     

乌兰察布地区4种优良乡土树种抗旱性评价

本研究对花楸、忍冬、茶条槭、辽东栎的抗旱性进行了评价,选取乌兰察布地区优良乡土树种花楸、忍冬、茶条槭、辽东栎3～5年生苗木为研究对象,通过造林试验定植上述苗木并进行抚育管理,8月停止浇水,待田间持水量为45%～50%时,检测各树种的渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素等生理指标,并应用SPSS软件和隶属函数进行分析。结果表明,各树种的隶属函数值由大到小依次是忍冬0.70、花楸0.54、茶条槭0.38、辽东栎0.37;各树种的抗旱性强弱依次为忍冬>花楸>茶条槭>辽东栎。     

柞树冠下针阔叶树种生长效果调查与营林技术研究

通过柞树林冠下针阔叶树种生长效果调查和营林技术研究,了解柞树冠下栽植针叶树种的适应能力,为柞树冠下更新可行性提供了技术参考。结果表明:柞树冠下针叶树种的生长量与柞树杂木林的郁闭度有密切关系;调整柞树林的密度和合理确定冠下树种初植密度是保证柞树冠下针阔叶树种生长的重要条件。     

新宾县栗山天牛危害现状分析及对策建议

柞树(辽东栎、蒙古栎)是新宾县天然林最主要的树种,分布最广占比最大,从1999年起,栗山天牛在新宾县发生危害柞树成灾并呈现扩散蔓延趋势,造成了巨大经济损失.该文针对栗山天牛的生物学特性及危害状况,分析了其发生与寄主分布情况、生长情况和防治困难因素等,对存在的问题提出切实可行的应对措施,可为今后有效地控制栗山天牛危害提供...     

柞树萌芽林的研究

一、柞树萌芽林在林业上的意义萌芽林又叫矮林;它生活力较弱,寿短,伐期短,适于培育中小型材和薪炭材。尤以柞树作萌芽林最为适宜。就东北小兴安岭的天然林而言,柞树林是在天然林的林相几经破坏后,甚至山杨和桦树都不爱生长时,在这种恶劣的环境下,柞树林仍油然兴起。这种情况在小兴安岭到处可见。尤其在辽东沈安沿线一带较干燥瘠薄的山地,绝大部分是柞树纯林和以柞树为主的     

辽东地区柞树害虫生态防治与工程治理对策

在辽东地区柞树害虫管理实践中,首次将生态防治和工程治理对策结合起来并付诸应用,收到理想成效。通过对辽宁省危害柞树的栗山天牛、舞毒蛾等主要害虫的发生面积、危害程度及种群数量变动的调查与监测数据的综合分析,结果显示,各年度柞树主要害虫发生面积总体呈下降趋势;危害程度、发生面积逐年下降,轻度发生面积呈逐年上升趋势。根据辽东地区近些年来危害柞树的几种主要害虫的发生和危害特性,重点采取建立生态示范区、营林措施、生物防治、物理措施、人工等措施实施综合防治。     

沙地樟子松人工林的生长与成熟

通过对辽宁省章固台地区现有沙地樟子松人工林生长与成熟期的分析研究,结果表明:与原产地红花尔基比较,章古台樟子松人工林的生长进入速生期的时间略有提前,速生期维持的时间短;确定沙地樟子松人工林的数量成熟为45年,更新龄为55~60年,工艺成熟龄为25年左右和40年生以上两个阶段。     

日本落叶松人工林心腐率的调查

通过对40年生以上的日本落叶松（Larix kaempferi）人工林心腐的调查研究，结果表明，日本落叶松随林龄的增长，根部腐朽会越来越重，40年时腐蚀率达39％，50年达69％，60年达84％。心腐对日本落叶松的生长影响很大，树高和胸径生长量明显下降，同时也严重地影响林木的质量和产值。所以，对林龄较大的日本落叶松应及时主伐更新，避免因心腐过重给经济带来巨大的损失。     

桉树林下植被他感作用与植物多样性分析

桉树是中国南方最重要的商品用材树种,桉树林的生态性一直备受争议。文章用扩大圆样地法,研究了桉树林下的他感作用和植物多样性。结果表明,桉树林下的他感作用明显,作用范围为0～15D,其中他感作用最强区域为5～10D范围。在研究区内,对含羞草、山芝麻和桃金娘的他感作用较为敏感。桉树林下的植物多样性较丰富,有15种植物之多。     

麻池背油松天然林林分生长结构的研究

依据历年调查资料,对麻池背油松天然林的林分生长结构进行了研究.该林分的植物种类丰富;直径、树高、林龄等林分结构呈正态分布、近似正态分布和多峰状分布;近熟林的林分蓄积生长率为0.82%,材积生长量69年生时连年生长量仍大于平均生长量.由于林分密度过大,油松形状比值偏高,林木自然稀疏强烈,枯损率达32.7%,其中小径木占86.3%,病虫害感染枯死木占29.4%.油松天然更新不良,辽东栎不能成为更新树种,林下有青木杄、落叶松幼树分布.     

不同密度南方型杨树人工林的主伐年龄研究

根据湖北省10个县、市31块标准地的11种主要密度类型林分的调查资料,从技术经济学的角度,以林分数量成熟与经济成熟为依据,对各密度类型林分的主伐年龄进行了研究,结果表明:①南方型杨树各种密度类型人工林的年均收益最大值出现在材积连年生长量最大值与数量成熟龄之间,一般早于数量成熟龄1～2a。②林分的主伐年龄与数量成熟龄表现出随着林分密度的减少而逐渐变大的总趋势,而主伐年龄时的最大年均净收益则随林分密度增大而增加,与林分单位面积蓄积量的变化趋势基本一致。③培育造纸、刨花板等小径材林分的轮伐期为5～6a,木芯板、火柴、家具等中径材的轮伐期为6～9a,培育胶合板等大径材的年限则需要10～12a。     

The R. R. Reynolds Research Natural Area in Southeastern Arkansas

The R. R. Reynolds Research Natural Area is a 32-ha pine-hardwood forest in southeastern Arkansas, U.S.A., that originated from diameter-limit cutting of the virgin forest before 1915. In 1935, these 32 ha were reserved from timber management. Between 1937 and 1993, eight inventories were taken of all living trees > 9-cm DBH, using 2.5-cm DBH classes within three species groups: Pinus spp., Quercus spp., and other hardwoods. In 1994, all standing dead snags of pines and hardwoods > 9-cm DBH were inventoried by 2.5-cm DBH classes. During 56 years, thc overstory pine-hardwood ratio remained stable in terms of relative basal area, but pine density decreased with a commensurate increase in hardwood density. In 1993, pines represented 63% of basal area but only 23% of stem density. Just before the 1993 inventory, a pine bark-beetle infestation developed on the area, and within one year the pines lost about 2.5 m2/ha in basal area and had 180% more snags than were contributed by hardwoods. The overstory pine component is decreasing in density as a result of natural senescence and the allogenic effects of bark beetles. Hardwood species are expected to eventually dominate the forest because shade-intolerant pine regeneration will not develop to maturity beneath the closed hardwood canopy which can be altered only by catastrophic natural disturbances or anthropogenic intervention.     

半干旱风沙区生态经济型防护林模式构建与筛选

对黑龙江省西部半干旱风沙区生态经济型防护林模式进行了试验构建与筛选,结果表明:樟子松、红皮云杉单行及双行林带配置经济树种模式中,带外株间配置较带内株间及带内行间配置成活率高,且随着林带树龄的增大,配置经济树种的成活率明显降低,林带中生态树种树龄以不超过15 a为宜;而针对不同类型区在防护林生育早期可分别间作经济作物或中草材来提高其经济效益,提高单位面积土地生产力,从而增强了生态型防护林的经济功能;杨树林带与食用菌栽培有机结合可明显提高林带的短期经济效益,又促进了林木生长,是一种较为理想的生态经济型防护林模式类型。     

Spatial harvest scheduling approach for areas involving multiple ownership

This study presents a practical harvest scheduling approach for multiple ownership planning. The approach has both spatial and non-spatial goals, namely, a spatial landscape-level goal to cluster ecologically valuable resources is considered simultaneously with timber production goals. Harvest scheduling is based on the location of the stand, on one hand, and on an economic variable depicting the cutting maturity of the stand, on the other hand. Proximity to valuable resources decreases the likelihood that the stand is cut. Therefore, harvests tend to be located outside potential resource clusters with small and isolated economically mature stands being cut first. In the application of the approach the landscape-level spatial objective was to cluster old forest stands (age⩾80) and simultaneously maintain a predefined cutting volume. A stand's economic cutting maturity was measured with value increment percentage. In the top-down application of the approach the timber harvest target was specified only for the whole planning area. In the bottom-up application it was specified separately for individual holdings, aiming at promoting the acceptability of the plan. The presented approach was clearly able to cluster old forest patches. In the case study area, the mean size of old forest patches increased from 3.4 to 5.7 ha in 30 years in the top-down plan, and to 4.6 ha in the bottom-up plan. An application of the current planning practice (referred to as the reference plan) decreased the mean patch size to 2.9 ha. The presented approach is easy to apply in forest planning practice.     

Management criteria for Ficus insipida Willd. (Moraceae) in Amazonian white-water floodplain forests defined by tree-ring analysis

Ficus insipida Willd. (Moraceae) is a fast growing tree species of early successional stages in the Amazonian nutrient-rich white-water floodplains (várzea). The species is one of the most economically important low-density wood species in the community-based forest management project in the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR) in Central Amazonia, where timber species are managed using a polycyclic selection system with a minimum logging diameter (MLD) of 50 cm and a cutting cycle of 25 years. In this study we analyze the floristic composition, stand structure and forest regeneration of a natural 20 year-old stand at an early successional stage and we model tree growth of diameter, height and volume of F. inspida based on tree-ring analysis to define management criteria. The volume growth model indicates that the preferred period for logging should be at a tree age of 17 years when the current annual volume increment peaks. This age corresponds to a diameter of 55 cm, which would be an appropriate MLD.     

第18届CITES缔约方大会木材树种管制变化

2019年8月在瑞士日内瓦召开的濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES公约)第18届缔约方大会上,新增附录Ⅱ树种3属共19种,分别为姆兰杰南非柏、染料紫檀和洋椿属所有种(仅限新热带种群);并修订了附录Ⅱ管制的黄檀属、3种古夷苏木和大美木豆的注释。作者针对此次大会有关木材树种议题的分析,及近10年CITES公约附录木材树种名录变化与趋势的评述,为我国CITES木材树种履约策略提出建议。     

濒危植物翠柏个体生长特性研究

濒危植物翠柏为柏科高大珍贵用材树种,通过对翠柏主要分布区墨江、昌宁翠柏植株树干解析,研究了两地翠柏的生长特性,结果表明:(1)翠柏在20年前生长缓慢,20—60年进入快速生长期,70年以后达到数量成熟,材积生长量开始下降并趋于稳定;(2)翠柏幼苗期具有耐荫性和长大后有喜光特性,墨江地区翠柏生长好于昌宁地区,其生长表现与两地自然条件相符合;(3)针对翠柏特点,提出幼苗时搭建荫棚,幼树时期进行疏伐,数量成熟时期进行间伐或疏伐等促进生长经营措施,为翠柏资源培育与保护奠定基础。