硫自养反硝化对含盐水体脱氮及其动力学模型

以闭合循环养殖系统去除硝酸盐为目的,研究了填料床硫自养反硝化反应器对含盐水体的NO₃^--N去除效果及动力学特性。结果表明,反应器对NO₃^--N浓度为22.5～368 mg/L的含盐水体具有良好的反硝化性能。（29±1）℃条件下,进水NO₃^--N负荷0.052～1.088 kg/(m³·d)为最适进水负荷范围,NO₃^--N去除率大于95%,出水NO2--N浓度小于1 mg/L。进水NO₃^--N负荷2.171 kg/(m³·d)时,达到最大NO₃^--N体积负荷去除率,为1.65 kg/(m³·d)。动力学研究结果表明反应器填料表面生物膜对污染物NO₃^--N的去除呈半级反应速率关系,反应器单位体积半级动力学常数K^1/2v为7.84～ 8.5 mg^1/2/(L^1/2·h)。建立的动力学模型采用该值的计算结果可以预测出水NO₃^--N的浓度,预测值与实际值采用统计软件SAS 8.0做方差分析表明,Pr＞F值分别为0.9732和 0.8845,模型预测值与实际值无显著性差异。     

固体碳源填充床反应器脱除污水硝态氮效能的预测模型

为了预测固相反硝化反应器出水的硝酸盐浓度,优化工艺参数,以聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯[Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate),PHBV]作为反应器的碳源和生物膜载体,对受硝酸盐污染的水进行生物反硝化脱氮。采用Box-Behnken试验设计,利用响应曲面法研究了反应器出水硝态氮浓度与进水硝态氮浓度、水力停留时间(hydraulic retention time,HRT)和温度之间的关系,建立了以出水硝态氮浓度为响应值的二次多项式回归模型。该数学模型可以定量描述进水硝态氮浓度、HRT和温度对出水硝态氮浓度的影响,模型预测值与试验值能吻合较好。方差分析结果表明,进水硝态氮浓度、温度和HRT及其交互作用对响应值均具有显著性影响(P<0.05)。     

Evaluation of different methods for the determination of saturated hydraulic conductivity for simulation of water table depth and drainage discharge using the DRAINMOD computer simulation model

The purpose of this study was to investigate application of the DRAINMOD computer simulation model for estimation of water table depth (W) and drainage discharge (q) by using different values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (K _s) in a subsurface drainage system in Kooshkak area in Fars province. These values of K _s were obtained from the drainage system, a direct measurement of K _s calculated from drainage data (K _s1), Porchet method with saturated inverse hole (K _s2), ordinary Porchet method (K _s3) and saturated Porchet obtained using an empirical equation presented by Sepaskhah and Rezaee (K _s4) (Sepaskhah AR, Rezaee A. 1998. Hydraulic conductivity measurement for subsurface drainage system. Iran Agr Res. 17:139–150). The results indicated that saturated Porchet and saturated Porchet calculated using Equation (17) are reliable for determination of K _s because their values are close to that obtained from the direct method. Furthermore, the results indicated that W fluctuations and q are estimated properly by the DRAINMOD model, as shown by an index of agreement of 0.90–1.0 and 0.99 for W and q, respectively. However, q estimations were more accurate than W fluctuations, as shown by a mean absolute error of 0.045–0.243 and 1.73–25.44 for q and W, respectively. Using different values of K _s in the model caused tangible differences between the results, especially in W fluctuations, and showed that the model is sensitive to this parameter. Among the indirect methods of K _s determination, using the measured K _s obtained by the saturated Porchet method (K _s2) resulted in more accurate W and q. It was determined that the saturated Porchet method is more difficult and time-consuming than the ordinary Porchet method. Therefore, a relationship between these two tests has been developed in the study area [similar to the equation that was presented by Sepaskhah and Rezaee (1998 Sepaskhah, A R and Rezaee, A. 1998. Hydraulic conductivity measurement for subsurface drainage system. Iran Agr Res, 17: 139–150.  [Google Scholar])] and estimation of K _s from ordinary Porchet method can then be converted to saturated Porchet method for use in DRAINMOD model.