油棕叶梗重组方材制备工艺

以油棕叶梗为原材料、酚醛树脂为胶黏剂,采用正交试验方法研究重组方材密度、施胶量、热压时间和热压温度对油棕叶梗重组方材力学性能的影响。结果表明,密度对油棕叶梗重组方材性能的影响较大,密度和施胶量越大,重组方材力学性能越好;热压温度和热压时间对油棕叶梗重组方材性能的影响比较复杂。综合考虑确定油棕叶梗重组方材的较优制备工艺条件为:密度0.7 g/cm³,施胶量12%,热压温度180℃,热压时间40 min;较优工艺条件下油棕叶梗重组方材的弹性模量为7 185 MPa,静曲强度为68.7 MPa,顺纹抗压强度为35 MPa,内结合强度为0.21 MPa。密度为0.7 g/cm³的油棕叶梗重组方材的弹性模量、静曲强度、顺纹抗压强度高于了杉木的性能。     

Redwoods: a population model

The chief conclusion to be drawn from the results of this study is that redwoods are amazingly vigorous. The results support both the lumber companies and the conservationists. There is no question that old growth giant redwoods must be preserved. Only commercial greed could be a basis for refuting that stand. On the other hand, the lumber companies seem to be supported in their contention that redwoods can be farmed without driving them to extinction. The central issue revolves around the old trees. And here profit is the big factor. Lumbering is an important industry in California, and redwood lumbering represents about 20 percent of the industry (l). Most of the big names in timber, such as Weyerhaeuser and Georgia-Pacific, are involved in logging the California redwood. At the current rate of logging, particularly of old growth stands, the Bank of America estimates that employment in Humboldt County will be down significantly by 1975 (4). It has been argued that tourism would more than compensate for the lower employment in logging. But not if the trees that the tourists come to see are gone. Why can't young and mature trees be harvested at a reasonable rate, the old trees saved, and both tourism and logging flourish? The question posed earlier has been answered. Redwood growth and survival can be modeled, using matrix methods in a new context. Meaningful conclusions may be drawn. And the results are sufficiently tantalizing to inspire further research.     

石油烃对孔石莼生长及光合作用的影响

研究了3种石油烃（船舶燃油（L.D.O.）、沙特阿拉伯轻质原油（沙轻原油）和船用润滑油（润滑油））溶液对孔石莼Ulva pertusa的生长和光合作用的影响。L.D.O.和沙轻原油石油烃的浓度分别设置为0、5、10、15、25、50 mg/L,润滑油石油烃浓度分别设置为0、5、10、20、25、50、100 mg/L。结果表明：孔石莼在3种石油烃较低的浓度下均可存活,但当石油烃浓度升高到一定量时（L.D.O.=50 mg/L;沙轻原油=50 mg/L;润滑油=100 mg/L）,96 h内全部死亡;在3种石油烃不同浓度的溶液中,孔石莼的叶绿素含量、光合速率及呼吸速率总体趋势是随着石油烃浓度的升高而降低,叶绿素含量及光合速率的变化基本呈波浪式,但在润滑油石油烃各浓度溶液中,孔石莼的光合速率则随着油浓度的升高呈现逐渐下降的趋势。     

Winter dormancy in sea turtles: independent discovery and exploitation in the gulf of california by two local cultures

Documentation is reported for sea turtles overwintering on the sea bottom. Seri Indians have traditionally hunted nonmigrating dormant green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the bottom of the Infiernillo Channel in the Gulf of California. Mexican fishermen independently discovered dormant turtles during winter 1972-1973, and with new hunting technologies are rapidly decimating these unusual stocks.     

Leptospirosis epizootic among California sea lions

A Leptospira species is suspected of being the etiological agenit in a recent epizootic among California sea lions. The disease was confined to subadult males of the species Zalophus c. californianus.     

北方林区运材汽车运行油耗量的分析和预测

在对北方林区运材汽车的生产情况作了大量调查、统计和实测的基础上,本文对北方林区运材汽车运行油耗量的现状和影响因素进行了分析,运用数理统计的方法对实测数据进行了分析,确定了影响汽车运材油耗量的主要因素,并用多元回归分析法建立了运材汽车运行油耗量的多元经验回归方程,从而提供了一种对运材汽车运行油耗量进行估算和预测的方法,以便为科学地制订运材油耗量定额提供依据。     

地板条生产的木材消耗

本文研究了原木中心方材、原木边部和周边部分的地板条出材率,得出在考虑材质影响的条件下,可按中心方材的地板条净料出材率来确定木材消耗定额;同时,关于各种因素对木材消耗的影响,也进行了研究。     

福建马尾松锯材质量定额的探讨

本文根据福建省邵武、大洲、顺昌制材厂测试的数据,制定出锯材质量定额的方案,以此分析各厂的生产情况,指出制定锯材质量定额是加强我省制材质量管理的一项行之有效的科学方法。     

海芦笋黄酮类化合物抗氧化活性研究

[目的]为海芦笋的进一步开发利用提供一定的理论依据。[方法]以海芦笋为原料,研究其中的黄酮类化合物抑制植物油脂的自氧化和清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、氧自由基的效果,评价海芦笋黄酮类化合物的体外抗氧化活性。[结果]海芦笋黄酮类化合物具有较强的抑制植物油自氧化、清除DPPH自由基、Fenton反应中产生的羟自由基、邻苯三酚氧化产生的氧自由基的作用,且抑制作用与海芦笋黄酮类化合物的浓度呈正相关。[结论]海芦笋黄酮类化合物可以作为天然的食品抗氧化剂进行开发。     

木材微爆破装置的设计

本文设计了一种新型爆破装置,可用于木材微爆破处理.其原理是用高压气体给木材加压,当木材内外压力平衡时,利用快速排气活塞将高压气体释放,使木材内部的气体快速排出,实现微爆破.该装置提高了木材的通透性能,为木材改良处理创造条件.     

气相色谱内标法测定沙棘果肉油和种子油中的主要脂肪酸

以5个沙棘(Hippopha觕rhamnoides L.)品种的果实为试材,建立气相色谱内标法测定沙棘果肉油和种子油主要脂肪酸成分的方法。果肉油和种子油采用氯仿-甲醇法提取,甲醇钠-甲醇法甲酯化衍生后进行定性和定量。结果表明,十九烷酸甲酯是气相色谱法测定沙棘果实中脂肪酸成分含量的理想内标物。果肉油和种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。果肉油中棕榈油酸(36.25%)和棕榈油酸(28.92%)含量高,α-亚麻酸含量低;种子油中亚油酸(33.65%)和α-亚麻酸(32.95%)含量高,棕榈油酸含量低。5个品种沙棘的果肉油和种子油中主要脂肪酸的组成及含量存在一定的差异。亚历山大12号果肉油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为84.84 g/100 g油;无刺丰种子油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为88.39 g/100 g油。该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好,适合沙棘油脂样品中脂肪酸的定量测定。     

Premature births in California sea lions: association with high organochlorine pollutant residue levels

Premature pupping in California sea lions has been noted on the breeding islands since 1968. Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues were two to eight times higher in tissues of premature parturient females and pups than in similar tissues of full-term parturient females and pups collected on San Miguel Island in 1970.     

Ocean warming and sea level rise along the southwest u.s. Coast

Hydrographic time-series data recorded during the past 42 years in the upper 500 meters off the coast of southern California indicate that temperatures have increased by 0.8 degrees C uniformly in the upper 100 meters and that temperatures have risen significantly to depths of about 300 meters. The effect of warming the surface layer of the ocean and there by expanding the water column has been to raise sea level by 0.9 +/- 0.2 millimeter per year. Tide gauge records along the coast are coherent with steric height and show upward trends in sea level that vary from about 1 to 3 millimeters per year.     

Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California Current System

Nearshore waters of the California Current System (California CS) already have a low carbonate saturation state, making them particularly susceptible to ocean acidification. We used eddy-resolving model simulations to study the potential development of ocean acidification in this system up to the year 2050 under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A2 and B1 scenarios. In both scenarios, the saturation state of aragonite ?(arag) is projected to drop rapidly, with much of the nearshore region developing summer-long undersaturation in the top 60 meters within the next 30 years. By 2050, waters with ?(arag) above 1.5 will have largely disappeared, and more than half of the waters will be undersaturated year-round. Habitats along the sea floor will become exposed to year-round undersaturation within the next 20 to 30 years. These projected events have potentially major implications for the rich and diverse ecosystem that characterizes the California CS.     

单板层积材热效应的表征

单板层积材具有强度性能变异系数小、抗蠕变和阻燃性能好的优点,但也存在一些缺点,如单板层积材使用过程中遇到的分层开裂等.该文针对其缺点,做了关于单板层积材热效应表征的理论分析和推导.设定单板层积材主要由铺层和界面组成,根据复合材料细观力学理论及胶层和单板的弹性力学性质,采用材料力学分析方法推导出铺层纵向、横向热膨胀系数,单板和胶层热应力,及界面纵向、横向热膨胀系数.为单板层积材的实际生产使用提供一定的依据.     

微波处理对桉木应力及微观构造的影响

为提高人工林桉木的干燥质量及产品附加值,该文针对近年来出现在木材改性领域的微波处理技术在桉木利用中的潜力及途径进行了分析。结合微波处理原理及特点,在初步试验的基础上,对微波处理减小桉木残余生长应力及微波处理对木材微观构造、木材干燥及加工质量的影响等进行了分析,并提出了今后的研究重点,为桉木微波处理的进一步研究提供参考。      

支撑形式对振动式锯材弹性模量测定影响的研究

基于横向振动原理的锯材弹性模量测量方法具有快速、无损、足尺测量等特点。该文讨论了两端刚性简支支撑和一端刚性、一端弹性支撑两种支撑形式下,锯材弹性模量检测的理论依据。在以实际生产应用为目标的检测仪器开发中,一端支撑要包含测力传感器,用于传感锯材的重量和振动信号。结果表明:测力传感器端的支撑相当于一种弹性支撑,它会造成试件固有频率测量值比实际值低,进而给试件弹性模量测量值带来误差。这一固有频率测量值减小幅度与试件--支撑刚度比有关:试件--支撑刚度比越小,减小幅度越小。一般情况下,如果将试件--支撑刚度比控制在0～0.005范围内,则会测得足够精确的弹性模量值。      

Sea level at southern california: a decadal fluctuation

The winter mean height of sea level at southern California rose 5.6 centimeters between the periods 1948-1957 and 1958-1969. These periods correspond to two fairly coherent large-scale climatic regimes with different air-sea coupling, which were previously identified. The rise was mainly due to a change in the thermohaline structure of the water as a result of changes in prevailing winds.     

Potential for Converting Wood into Plastics: Chemicals from wood may regain importance as the cost of petroleum continues to rise

The conversion of wood into chemicals for the production of most of our synthetic plastics, fibers, and rubbers is technically feasible. With refinements in technology a large integrated plant utilizing all components of the wood for production of ethanol (to be further processed to ethylene and butadiene), phenols and furfural would be approaching economic feasibility as well at current petrochemical prices. If crude oil prices continue to climb at a faster rate than wood costs, the economic feasibility of chemicals for polymers from wood would become certain. Although technical feasibility has not been established, synthetic oils from liquefaction of wood might serve as feedstocks for cracking to chemicals in the same way that crude oil is presently used. The fulfillment of all our polymer needs from wood as a raw material should not place an impossible burden on our wood supply, but might actually improve the availability of wood for lumber, plywood and pulp by providing a use for less valuable wood which would allow reforestation and improved forest management.     

竹集成材水性漆涂饰工艺及附着机理研究

  目的  竹集成材性能优异，常被用于家具、建筑等行业。涂饰水性漆能有效保护竹集成材，目前竹集成材水性漆涂饰面临水性漆渗透困难、附着力差的问题。因而探究涂饰工艺及清漆和色漆对竹集成材水性漆的漆膜性能和附着机理的影响，有助于解决竹集成材水性涂装的难题。  方法  以竹集成材为基材，采用简易的多次喷涂底漆的涂饰工艺将水性清漆和色漆进行涂饰，并对漆膜硬度、附着力、光泽度、表面粗糙度进行测试，进一步利用电镜和红外分析探究漆膜在竹集成材上的附着机理。  结果  清漆漆膜硬度为1H，附着力为0级，而色漆因含有颜料，硬度更高为2H。颜料颗粒的存在影响了成膜的交联程度，使得色漆的附着力较差为1级，表面粗糙度高于清漆。说明本涂饰工艺能保持较强的附着力与漆膜硬度，能够对基材进行较好的保护。经过水性漆涂饰后的竹集成材表面光泽度显著增加，纵向的光泽度提高了5倍以上，大大提高了其装饰性能。且清漆涂饰前后总色差值较低，说明清漆能较好地保持竹集成材本身的颜色。水性漆中的成膜物质与基材之间产生了物理和化学结合，有助于水性漆更好的附着。  结论  本研究探明了竹集成材水性清漆和色漆的影响以及水性漆漆膜的附着肌理，为竹材的水性化涂装及性能提升提供了理论和技术支持。