猪细小病毒灭活苗免疫豚鼠和猪抗体反应比较

猪细小病毒（ＰＰＶ）灭活苗对预防由ＰＰＶ引起的母猪繁殖障碍效果良好，Ｊｏｏ等（１９８４）报告了灭活苗接种豚鼠可产生抗体反应．本研究旨在观察豚鼠接种ＰＰＶ灭活苗后的抗体产生规律及特异性．我们用１３批ＰＰＶ灭活苗免疫３９只ＰＰＶ阴性豚鼠和猪，每批次各３只，免疫后阳性率１００％，平均ＨＩ价豚鼠为８２０～１２８０，猪为２０～３２０。     

猪细小病毒灭活苗免疫豚鼠和猪抗体反应比较

猪细小病毒灭活苗对预防由ＰＰＶ引起的母猪繁殖障碍效果良好，Ｊｏｏ等（１９８４）报告了灭活苗接种豚鼠可产生抗体反应，本研究旨在观察豚鼠接种ＰＰＶ灭活苗后的抗体产生规律及特异性。我们用１３批ＰＰＶ灭活苗免疫３９只ＰＰＶ阴性豚鼠和猪，每批次各３只，免疫后阳性率１００％，平均ＨＩ价豚鼠为３２０－１２８０，猪为２０－３２０。     

猪细小病毒N株弱毒苗的免疫效果观察

经调查，广西猪群普遍存在猪细小病毒感染［１］。为了有效防制该病，本研究室已研制出能预防猪细小病毒感染的弱毒疫苗（简称ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗）。该弱毒苗用于预防猪细小病毒引起的繁殖失败，具有良好的免疫原性和安全性［２］。我们用四批ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗对广西多个流行该病的猪场的后备母猪进行免疫，取得了良好的效果，现将结果报告如下。１　材料和方法１．１　ＰＰＶ－Ｎ株弱毒苗本实验室研制，种毒按蒋玉雯等［２］的方法进行培养。１．２　试验动物５００克左右健康青年豚鼠，并经ＰＰＶ－ＨＩ检测为阴性。１．３　猪细小病毒…     

豚鼠试验前PPV HI抗体的检测

猪细小病毒（PPV）是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要病因之一,疫苗的免疫是有效的预防措施,但PPV疫苗效力检验需要PPVHI抗体阴性猪,不仅实验成本很高,而且PPVHI抗体阴性猪不容易找,豚鼠对PPV很敏感,已被证实可以作为猪细小病毒病疫苗效力检验的实验动物。近期本公司购买了2批豚鼠,准备用于相关试验,但试验前的豚鼠血清检测,PPVHI抗体均为阳性,不能用于PPV的实验。现将试验结果报告如下。     

豚鼠对猪细小病毒弱毒苗抗体反应的研究(摘要)

用不同批次、不同剂量、不同保存时间的猪细小病毒Ｎ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠 ,观察豚鼠对ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗的抗体反应。其结果如下 :用 4种不同剂量的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗免疫豚鼠 ,免疫后 14天均产生抗体反应 ,ＰＰＶＨＩ价分别为 :0 1ｍｌ剂量为 1:16～ 1:6 4;0 2ｍｌ为1:8～ 1:32 ;0 5ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:32 ;1 0ｍｌ为 1:16～ 1:6 4,而对照豚鼠抗体反应为阴性 ,可见仅需 0 1ｍｌＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗便可引起豚鼠产生抗体反应。同时比较了不同批次的ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠产生抗体反应的情况 ;3批ＰＰＶＮ株弱毒苗接种豚鼠后 14天全部出现抗体反…     

豚鼠对不同剂量猪细小病毒灭活苗的抗体反应

我研究所研制的猪细小病毒(PPV)AEI灭活苗对预防因PPV引起的母猪繁殖障碍病有良好的效果。该疫苗的效力检验以豚鼠为最易感。本文采用PPV灭活苗的不同剂量,分别为1ml二次、0.5ml二次、0.5ml一次和1ml一次,免疫PPV HI阴性豚鼠,观察豚鼠抗体反应的情况。现报告如下。一、材料和方法 1、材料:7批PPV AEI灭活苗,按本所“猪细小病毒AEI灭活疫苗的制造和检验试行规程”制做,经检验质量合格。     

猪蓝耳病灭活苗和弱毒苗免疫效果的对比研究

本文通过观察免疫猪蓝耳病灭活苗与弱毒苗后母猪和仔猪抗体水平的变化,比较两种疫苗的免疫抗体消长规律。实验母猪和仔猪都分为4个组,1组、2组、3组、4组各免疫一次灭活苗、两次灭活苗、一次弱毒苗、两次弱毒苗。在计划时间采集血清,检测试验猪的抗体水平。由试验结果可知,弱毒苗的免疫效果略优于灭活苗,同种疫苗免疫两次的效果优于免疫一次的效果;弱毒苗的抗体峰值出现的比灭活苗早,但抗体维持时间略短。灭活苗适用于一般猪场的免疫防治工作,而弱毒苗更适用于急性突发的猪蓝耳病的防治。     

猪细小病毒（PPV）S—1株弱毒疫苗接种豚鼠的抗体反应

三批ＰＰＶＳ－１弱毒苗接种豚鼠２０只，接种后一周开始产生抗体反应，第五周全部出现抗体反应，ＨＩ抗体持续时间至少１０个月，弱毒苗分Ａ、Ｂ两组接种ＨＩ阴性豚鼠共８只，接种ＨＩ阴性猪共４只，猪在免疫后一周ＨＩ全部阳性，一个月平均ＨＩ价１０２４；豚鼠免疫后四周全部阳性，３５天平均ＨＩ价３９５，豚鼠与猪阳性率相符，弱毒苗在４℃保存１１个月，－２０℃１４个月后接种豚鼠，全部产生抗体反应。     

不同类型高蓝耳疫苗对母猪免疫效价的影响研究

选择210±10日龄后备母猪108头,将其随机分成6组（每组18头）进行对比试验。在210日龄左右,Ⅰ组用4ml高蓝耳灭活苗免疫,Ⅱ组用6ml高蓝耳灭活苗免疫,Ⅲ组用1头份高蓝耳弱毒苗免疫,Ⅳ组用2头份高蓝耳弱毒苗免疫,Ⅴ组用3头份高蓝耳弱毒苗免疫,Ⅵ组为空白对照组,分别在免疫后20、40、60、90、120d以及初产后13天采集血清,检测高蓝耳抗体,研究其抗体消长规律。在试验猪初产后14d,分别给各试验组母猪注射高蓝耳疫苗,方法与首次注射相同,分别在二次免疫后20、40、60、90、120d以及二次产仔后13d采集血清,检测高蓝耳抗体,研究其抗体消长规律。结果表明：免疫高蓝耳疫苗对母猪的产仔数等繁殖性能无影响;母猪免疫高蓝耳疫苗的最佳选择为2头份高蓝耳弱毒苗。     

猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗免疫效力评价及临床免疫试验

为制定猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗效力检验的标准,用3批猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗进行接种猪与接种豚鼠的平行试验;同时进行临床免疫试验。3批疫苗接种豚鼠和猪后定期进行PPVHI抗体检测;猪于免疫后攻毒,并进行病毒分离。免疫母猪在怀孕早期进行强毒攻击,40d扑杀进行病毒分离。用3批疫苗免疫后备母猪统计产仔成绩。结果显示,豚鼠接种后21d、猪接种后7d全部产生抗体反应。免疫攻毒的猪均未从血浆和内脏中分离到病毒,而从对照猪分离到病毒;怀孕母猪强毒攻击后扑杀,胎儿病毒分离均为阴性,而对照猪胎儿病毒分离为阳性;统计数据表明免疫猪的产仔成绩比未免疫猪高,平均每窝多产活仔1.85头,少产死胎木乃伊胎0.65头。结果表明,当免疫豚鼠PPV HI≥64时,免疫猪能抵抗PPV强毒攻击,两者呈正相关;免疫母猪的攻毒试验表明免疫母猪能抵抗PPV经胎盘感染;临床免疫试验证明疫苗具有良好的免疫原性和安全性。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.