进境原木的检疫重点

1998年7～10月,原皇岗动植物检疫局从进境原木上截获了4批国家二类危险性有害生物非洲大蜗牛,并检出了二类危险性害虫双钩异翅长蠹及多种其它害虫.下面对经原皇岗口岸进境原木的检疫情况进行探讨.     

斯氏线虫对进境原木上长林小蠹的防治试验

本文报道了斯氏线虫对进境原木上长林小蠹的生物防治试验.结果表明,斯氏线虫对长林小蠹的侵染力较强.通过毒力测定,斯氏线虫对长林小蠹3龄幼虫的LD50、LD99分别为21、432(条/头),而对蛹的LD50、LD99分别为12、230(条/头).在寄生强度测定中,斯氏线虫与长林小蠹3龄幼虫仅接触0.5h,每虫就可被侵入1.6条线虫,12h寄生的死亡率达到90%,24h寄生的死亡率为100%.斯氏线虫对长林小蠹表现出较高的致病性和寄生性.斯氏线虫在室内以浸泡法和淋施法防治长林小蠹的效果较好.     

国内首次截获马来西亚原丰土白蚁

国内首次截获马来西亚原丰土白蚁虞静军殷汉华（舟山动植物检疫局３１６０００）１９９２年６月，舟山动植物检疫局植检人员在现场检疫从马来西亚进口的柳桉等原木，截获了大量白蚁（已对该批原木进行了除害处理），其中有我国进境植物检疫二类危险性害虫——大家白蚁Ｃｏ...     

苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌在原木上的侵染及热处理技术研究

 本研究从欧洲进境水曲柳原木上分离获得了检疫性病原真菌苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌(Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker),分别测定了烘箱热处理和炭化烘房热处理对该病菌存活的影响。结果发现苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌可以侵染至原木的木质部组织,原木中心处理温度达到60℃并持续6 h可杀灭原木中携带的病菌。研究结果对进境原木携带苹果壳色单隔孢溃疡病菌及其它重要病菌的检疫处理有较好的参考价值。     

原木检疫中伞滑刃线虫种的鉴定

1983年以来,我们对进口原木开始实施线虫检疫。几年来,检查了来自美国、苏联、加拿大、马来西亚等一些国家的原木。在对这些进口原木进行检疫检查时,我们注意了对线虫的截获。凡是被天牛、小蠹虫等钻蛀性害虫为害的原木,截取样本进行室内浅盆法或贝尔曼漏斗法分离线虫,对这     

船检截获的检疫性线虫及传入我国的危险性

马铃薯金线虫、马铃薯白线虫是我国一类危险性有害生物,2000年3月江苏南京、江阴和常州3口岸在进境的国际航行船舶上短时间内连续3次截获该类线虫,其中马铃薯金线虫是我国进境运输工具检疫中首次发现,马铃薯白线虫更是我国检验检疫部门对外检疫中的首次发现,说明进境船舶也是危险性线虫传播的重要途径之一。目前口岸检验检疫局对进境国际航行船舶检验检疫时,对蔬菜上存在的线虫疫情检测力度尚需加强,存在检疫性植物寄生线虫由此途径传入我国的隐患,进境船检时加强线虫检验检疫工作刻不容缓。1　马铃薯金、白线虫的截获和鉴定过程2000年3月15…     

进境原木携带白蚁的现场检疫

白蚁是世界性的重要害虫 ,但各品种具不同的区域分布的特点 ,危害隐蔽 ,涉及范围广 ,能造成建筑、堤坝、设备、储藏物、农林作物等的严重危害。白蚁在自然状态下依靠自身扩散能力很弱 ,但借助人为因素 ,随原木、板材、木质包装、木制品、纸箱等货物及运输工具等可作远距离传播 ,从口岸多年的截获记录来看 ,白蚁随进境原木传入的风险性最大。本文结合白蚁生物学和生态学特性 ,对进境原木携带白蚁的现场检疫及处理经验进行总结。1　选择检疫场所由于寄生于原木的白蚁隐蔽性都很好 ,特别是蚁巢很难找到 ,现场检疫时要掌握其活动规律 ,注意环境…     

应用斯氏线虫防治8种鳞翅目、鞘翅目昆虫的研究

1991—1993年在哈尔滨、牡丹江和阿城等地进行了应用斯氏线虫防治8种害虫的研究,其中鳞翅目5种:粘虫、甘蓝夜蛾、银纹夜蛾、向日葵螟、小菜蛾;鞘翅目3种:白星金龟子、马铃薯瓢虫和细胸金针虫。用3个种5个品系线虫测定的结果表明,除金针虫外,斯氏线虫对其它7种害虫均能侵染。室内试验表明,Beijing品系对粘虫、甘蓝夜蛾、向日葵螟和小菜蛾的致病力最强,害虫死亡率范围为79.3％—100.0％。田间试验表明,Beijing品系线虫对马铃薯二十八星瓢虫具有较好的防治效果。而NC32和Beijing品系在室内和田间对细胸金针虫均未表现出致病力。这些结果表明,斯氏线虫在本省具有广阔的应用前景。     

拱北口岸进境原木检疫概况

拱北口岸（包括珠海、中山、斗门）目前每年约有３０万ｔ原木进境，这些原木主要来自东南亚、北美洲、前苏联、西非、澳洲等。原木携带有害生物的可能性较大，加之拱北口岸进境原木具有来源复杂、品种多、批次多等特点，致使携带有害生物的情况更加复杂，在检疫上引起了高...     

从江苏口岸看进口木材现状

2005年1～6月，江苏口岸共检验检疫进境原木258．5万m^3，占全国进境量的20％，其中海运原木进口量居全国首位。     

Control of the Beet Weevil in Cyprus

During 1973, a severe attack by the Coleopteran Conorrhynchus brevirostris Gyll. was observed in a beet plantation near Morphou, on the north-west coast of Cyprus (M elifronides , 1976). The larva of this pest penetrates the crown of the beet root and bores out galleries via which different root-invading micro-organisms find entry; such infested roots cannot be stored and have no commercial value.
For control of this pest, several granular organophosphorous and organocarbamate insecticides were tested during 1975 and 1976, and effectively reduced infestation and damage by the beet weevil.     

A quantitative model for trade pathway analysis of plant pest entry and transfer to a host in European Union territory

A quantitative pathway model, QPAFood, has been designed to support risk assessment for plant pest entry into European Union (EU) territory on a range of edible plant commodities via trade flows. The model calculates the distribution of an imported infested/infected commodity along a pathway into and within the EU from source countries, based on Eurostat data and other data/information. The model determines the implications of global trade pathways for the potential arrival of the infested commodity in the EU28 Member States. Within each Member State, the calculation proceeds by distributing the commodity according to uses, notably retail or processing, to the vulnerable area of commercial host crops determined in each NUTS2 region and then quantifies the consequent potential for pest–host contact which could lead to pest transfer. Annual and monthly estimates of contact risk are tabulated and visualized for Member States and NUTS2 regions. The model was developed originally for the European Food Safety Authority using four case studies of specific pest–commodity combinations. These pests had relatively limited host ranges and the model has now been extended in the context of the EC FP7 DROPSA project for the multiple commodity pathways associated with the highly polyphagous fruit pest Drosophila suzukii.     

Surveillance for Spodoptera frugiperda,fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Korea

The Animal and Plant Quarantine Service, South Korea, developed a specific plan for Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), the fall armyworm, in 2019 to implement the surveillance for early detection for this pest. The fall armyworm surveillance program involved seasonal monitoring of the pest with pheromone traps placed into fields of cereal crops at high-risk locations. In 2019, the trapping season ran from early spring to late autumn, with a total deployment of 140 traps. During the season, a total of 10 male adults were captured in these surveillance traps placed in South Korea and it has since been eradicated from these localities. Additionally, the fall armyworm was intercepted 12 times on asparagus from Peru and Thailand at South Korean ports of entry.     

应用敌百虫防治荔枝蝽象的大田试验

荔枝蝽象是华南地区的重要害虫之一。作者根据此虫自然抗药性季节变化的規律,結合荔枝的开花結果时期,采用有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫0.067％水溶液噴雾于3月中及5月初各噴药一次,防治效果达95％以上。基本可以消灭荔枝蝽象成虫及若虫的为害,达到保花保果的要求。根据試驗結果,掌握上述两个时期大面积噴敌百虫,对荔枝开花、結果以及品质,均无不良影响。噴药时最好暫时关閉蜂箱,噴药后再放蜂。大面积使用敌百虫防治荔枝蝽象,成本低廉,每株药剂及人工費用为0.177元,每亩15株計算,每亩費用为2.65元。防治时期,最好选择能在3—4天內天晴、气温较高、风力0—1級为宜,噴雾要求均匀周到。     

A Concept of Pest Risk Analysis

A pest risk analysis curve on a graph is used to present diagramatically 1) the concept of pest risk analysis, and 2) the interaction of biological, economical, social, and political factors with quarantine policies, regulations, or decisions. The culmination of these regulatory activities often leads to a decision about the entry status of a wide spectrum of imported “items”. While the concept pertains to animal as well as plant quarantine matters, this paper concentrates on plant quarantine. Most of the examples presented relate specifically to the pest risk associated with importing plants or plant parts for propagation. Some of the examples presented have wide application in international quarantine circles while others relate only to the United States. The method of illustrating pest risk analysis as a curve should be useful in effectively communicating quarantine philosophy, principles, policies, and decisions not only to the commercial, lay, and scientific public, but to plant quarantine officers. For within–house quarantine activities, the diagrams may be useful in training, explaining assignments or responsibilities to officers, determining priorities or planning budgets, and as a means for emphasizing the biological aspects of decisions about entry status of imported items.     

外来有害生物风险分析的研究进展及其对我国的启示

外来有害生物能够严重影响一个国家或地区经济与环境的可持续发展,有害生物风险分析的目的是制定积极主动的外来有害生物防治策略,本文从入侵途径、传播扩散以及经济影响等风险分析的主要评估对象阐述国内外关于有害生物风险分析的研究进展,以及对我国相关研究的启示。     

豆野螟发生为害及综合防治研究进展

从豆野螟分布、发生为害及综合防治等几方面综述了该虫的研究进展。气候因子、豆类品种、栽培耕作制度及天敌是影响豆野螟发生的主要因素。在防治方面，主要是化学防治，生物防治开始受到重视。在综述基础上，探讨了豆野螟今后研究的内容和重点。     

我国口岸首次截获检疫性有害生物——可可豆象

本文介绍了从进境外轮食品舱中首次截获的可可豆象(Callosobruchus theobromae Linnaeus),并对其形态学特征、发生分布、寄主范围、生物学特性等进行了记述,为今后口岸检疫和鉴定提供借鉴。     

潮汕空港口岸入境人员携带植物及其产品疫情分析及对策

本文通过对2011~2015年潮汕机场口岸截获的入境人员禁止携带物情况进行分析,发现潮汕机场口岸有害生物检出种类呈增长态势,有害生物种类以昆虫类最多,热带水果最易检出有害生物,有害生物检出具有季节性效应,检疫性有害生物检出率高且危害大。针对潮汕机场口岸入境旅客携带植物及其产品类有害生物检出特点,结合实际情况,对入境旅客携带物检验检疫提出相关对策措施。     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。