不同培养方式对昆明小鼠类ES细胞分离及培养的影响

胚胎干细胞（Embryonic stem cell,ES细胞）是从早期哺乳类动物胚胎或原始生殖细胞分离的具有全能性的细胞系。在体外分化抑制培养条件下,具有保持未分化的状态及无限增殖的能力。自Evans和Kaufman首次建立小鼠ES细胞系以来,各种动物ES细胞分离与克隆成为国际生物科学领域的热点课题之一。ES细胞可广泛应用于嵌合体的制备和克隆动物的生产。利用ES细胞遗传操作,可生产转基因动物,进行细胞基因结构与功能的关系以及细胞分化机制的研究。本研究采用不同培养方式对昆明小鼠类ES细胞进行分离及培养,供相关研究者参考。     

胚胎干细胞的研究进展及其应用

胚胎干细胞 (ES细胞 )是一类从早期胚胎内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离和克隆出的、具有发育全能性和多能性的细胞。ES细胞在动物克隆、转基因动物生产、细胞工程、组织工程、临床克隆治疗和发育生物学、遗传学以及制作动物疾病模型等的研究应用中起着重要的作用。文章介绍了胚胎干细胞及其生物学特性 ,国内外研究进展和新动态。阐述了建立干细胞系的技术要点、ES细胞的应用及发展前景     

动物胚胎干细胞在动物科学中的应用

自Ｅｖａｎｓ等从延迟着床胚胎中分离出小鼠胚胎干细胞 (ＥＳ)以来 ,包括小鼠在内的各种动物ＥＳ细胞的分离受到国内外科学家的关注[1] 。ＥＳ细胞在克隆动物 ,生产转基因动物 ,创建人类遗传疾病动物模型 ,研究细胞分化 ,细胞与细胞的相互关系以及用人类ＥＳ细胞定向分化制造用于器官移植的组织器官等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文对动物ＥＳ细胞克隆及其遗传操作技术在动物遗传育种、胚胎学及发育生物学领域的应用前景作一评述和展望。1　生产克隆动物1 1　利用ＥＳ细胞生产克隆动物的优势　近年来的研究表明 ,动物早期胚胎细胞、动物胚胎…     

胚胎干细胞在哺乳动物育种中的应用进展

胚胎干细胞（embryonic stem cell,ES细胞）是全能干细胞具有多向分化潜能,在体外可以无限扩增。胚胎干细胞的这一特性对从事动物遗传育种的研究者来说具有极大的诱惑力。通过胚胎干细胞培育一个性状优良的种群,无论是在时间上,还是在人力、物力的投入上,都是传统动物育种方法所不可比拟的。笔者拟对胚胎干细胞的概念、研究进展以及在哺乳动物育种方面的实际应用和意义作一综述。     

动物胚胎干细胞遗传操作研究进展

自Ｅｖａｎｓ和Ｋａｕｆｍａｎ从延迟着床胚胎中分离出小鼠胚胎干细胞 (Ｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃｓｔｅｍｃｅｌｌ,简称ＥＳ细胞)以来 ,包括小鼠在内的各种动物ＥＳ细胞的分离受到国内外科学家的关注。动物ＥＳ细胞在克隆动物、生产转基因动物、创建人类遗传疾病动物模型、研究细胞分化、细胞与细胞的相互关系以及用人类ＥＳ细胞定向分化制造用于人器官移植的组织器官等领域具有较为广阔的应用前景。动物ＥＳ细胞的应用前景是建立在利用分子生物学方法对胚胎干细胞进行遗传操作的基础上。本文对动物ＥＳ细胞遗传操作技术的方法及其在动物遗传育种…     

动物胚胎干细胞的研究概况

胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）是从早期胚胎内细胞团（ICM）或原始生殖细胞（PGCs）经体外分化抑制培养分离克隆的,ES细胞在动物克隆、转基因动物生产、细胞工程、组织工程、临床克隆治疗和发育生物学等的研究应用中起着重要的作用.为此,介绍胚胎干细胞的生物学特性,国内外研究进展和研究动态,阐明建立ES细胞系的技术要点以及ES细胞的应用及发展前景.     

胚胎干细胞及其应用

胚胎干细胞(ES细胞)是从动物早期胚胎的内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离出来的具有发育全能性的一种未分化的无限增殖细胞系.ES细胞在动物克隆、转基因动物生产、细胞工程、组织工程、临床克隆治疗和发育生物学等方面的研究应用中起着重要的作用.文章介绍了胚胎干细胞的生物学特性,国内外研究进展和研究动态.阐明了建立ES细胞系的技术要点以及ES细胞的应用及发展前景.     

某些因素对牛和小鼠类胚胎干细胞分离与培养的影响

以荷斯坦牛胚胎和小鼠胚胎为材料 ,研究了犊牛血清、饲养层、培养液、添加物和消化液对牛胚胎干细胞和小鼠胚胎干细胞克隆效率的影响。结果表明 ,在 2 4h内使小鼠胚胎贴壁率达 86 %以上的犊牛血清可用于小鼠和牛胚胎干细胞的分离 ;在 ES细胞分离与克隆中 ,以 15 %～ 2 0 %犊牛血清为宜 ,在 DMEM(L)培养基中添加 0 .1μmol/LNa2 Se O3 0 .1mmol/Lβ-巯基乙醇 10 μg/L IGF 10 0 0 IU/m L L IF,能显著提高牛 ES细胞分离与克隆效率 ;在TCM199、DMEM(高糖 )和 DMEM(低糖 ) 3种培养基中 ,低糖 DMEM更适宜于牛 ES细胞的分离 ;优秀胚胎形成的团状 ICM更适宜于分离与克隆 ES细胞 ,在 37℃用低浓度消化液处理 ICM或 ES细胞集落 ,再以机械将其离散为细胞小块 ,ES细胞克隆效率最高。     

胚胎干细胞的研究与应用

胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）是由早期胚胎内细胞团或盈儿原始生殖细胞分离克隆出的具有发育全能性的细胞，是动物多种组织细胞的祖细胞。由于ES细胞与克隆动物、转基因动物、组织工程、临床克隆治疗和发育生物学、遗传学以及昨动物疾病模型等研究与应用的关系密切，引起广大学者的关注和兴趣。尤其是从1999年以来，人类ES细胞研究取得很大进展，人们渴望该技术尽快成熟，应用于临床医学克隆治疗，在世界范围内掀起了ES细胞的研究热潮。海峡两岸应组织多学科、多行业、多单位的科技工作者协同攻关，使该项研究尽快取得突破性进展。     

动物胚胎干细胞的概念及特性

胚胎干细胞是从早期胚胎内细胞团或原始生殖细胞分离和克隆的具有全能性的细胞。其在动物克隆转基因动物的生产、基因结构与功能的研究以及细胞分化空的研究方面具有广泛的应用,对胚胎干细胞的概念特性以及胚胎干细胞特性之间的关系进行了论述。     

ES细胞克隆动物技术研究进展

ＥＳ细胞克隆动物在提高良种动物繁殖率和保护动物遗传资源领域具有重要的作用,ＥＳ细胞核移植是生产克隆动物的重要方法,ＥＳ细胞克隆率低和克隆动物生活力低是其存在的主要问题。     

胚胎干细胞及种系嵌合体的研究进展

胚胎干细胞是着床前的囊胚内细胞团或早期胎儿的原始生殖细胞经体外分化抑制培养建立的多能性细胞系 ,具有与胚胎细胞相似的形态特征和分化潜能 ,体外培养时保持未分化状态 ,可以传代增殖。改变维持胚胎干细胞不分化的培养条件 ,胚胎干细胞可自发分化成多细胞结构。在一定诱导下 ,胚胎干细胞可向多个方向分化 ,并生成多种功能细胞。胚胎干细胞注入到胚泡期胚胎或与桑椹期胚胎聚合 ,可以参与包括性腺在内的各种组织的嵌合体的形成。胚胎干细胞在细胞分化与调控 ,胚胎发育 ,遗传病 ,肿瘤 ,免疫和组织或器官移植等研究中显示着广泛的应用前景。而种系嵌合体的获得是实现 ES细胞途径的决定步骤 ,低的种系嵌合率则是制约 ES细胞应用的关键。提高供体 PGCs在受体生殖腺中的比例 ,缩短 ES细胞的体外培养时间 ,以及注入早期发育阶段的受体胚胎等都能提高种系嵌合率。文章从多个方面综述了胚胎干细胞的最新研究成果 ,并着重以禽类 ES细胞为例论述了种系嵌合体的检测方法 ,种系嵌合率的影响因素以及提高种系嵌合率的方法     

Pluripotent stem cells--model of embryonic development,tool for gene targeting,and basis of cell therapy

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cell lines with the capacity of self-renewal and a broad differentiation plasticity. They are derived from pre-implantation embryos and can be propagated as a homogeneous, uncommitted cell population for an almost unlimited period of time without losing their pluripotency and their stable karyotype. Murine ES cells are able to reintegrate fully into embryogenesis when returned into an early embryo, even after extensive genetic manipulation. In the resulting chimeric offspring produced by blastocyst injection or morula aggregation, ES cell descendants are represented among all cell types, including functional gametes. Therefore, mouse ES cells represent an important tool for genetic engineering, in particular via homologous recombination, to introduce gene knock-outs and other precise genomic modifications into the mouse germ line. Because of these properties ES cell technology is of high interest for other model organisms and for livestock species like cattle and pigs. However, in spite of tremendous research activities, no proven ES cells colonizing the germ line have yet been established for vertebrate species other than the mouse (Evans and Kaufman, 1981; Martin, 1981) and chicken (Pain et al., 1996). The in vitro differentiation capacity of ES cells provides unique opportunities for experimental analysis of gene regulation and function during cell commitment and differentiation in early embryogenesis. Recently, pluripotent stem cells were established from human embryos (Thomson et al., 1998) and early fetuses (Shamblott et al., 1998), opening new scenarios both for research in human developmental biology and for medical applications, i.e. cell replacement strategies. At about the same time, research activities focused on characteristics and differentiation potential of somatic stem cells, unravelling an unexpected plasticity of these cell types. Somatic stem cells are found in differentiated tissues and can renew themselves in addition to generating the specialized cell types of the tissue from which they originate. Additional to discoveries of somatic stem cells in tissues that were previously not thought to contain these kinds of cells, they also appear to be capable of developing into cell types of other tissues, but have a reduced differentiation potential as compared to embryo-derived stem cells. Therefore, somatic stem cells are referred to as multipotent rather than pluripotent. This review summarizes characteristics of pluripotent stem cells in the mouse and in selected livestock species, explains their use for genetic engineering and basic research on embryonic development, and evaluates their potential for cell therapy as compared to somatic stem cells.     

Perspectives for feed-efficient animal production

Modern animal breeding programs are largely based on biotechnological procedures, including AI and embryo transfer technology. Recent breakthroughs in reproductive technologies, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer and in vitro embryo production, and their combination with the emerging molecular genetic tools, will further advance progress and provide new opportunities for livestock breeding. This is urgently needed in light of the global challenges such as the ever-increasing human population, the limited resources of arable land, and the urgent environmental problems associated with farm animal production. Here, we focus on genomic breeding strategies and transgenic approaches for making farm animals more feed efficient. Based on studies in the mouse and rat model, we have identified a panel of genes that are critically involved in the regulation of feed uptake and that could contribute toward future breeding of farm animals with reduced environmental impact. We anticipate that genetically modified animals will play a significant role in shaping the future of feed-efficient and thus sustainable animal production, but will develop more slowly than the biomedical applications because of the complexity of the regulation of feed intake and metabolism.     

Putative embryonic stem cell lines from pig embryos

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) were first established in the mouse, and they represent a population of pluripotent, undifferentiated cells derived from early embryos that is capable of proliferating without any limitation in an undifferentiated state. These cells retain the ability to differentiate in vitro or in vivo into derivates of all three germ layers, and when injected into blastocysts, they can participate in the formation of all tissues, including gonads (germ-line chimeras). It is possible to transfect them with a gene of interest, and the resulting transgenic cell lines can also be used for production of chimeras. Unfortunately, mammalian germ-line chimeras that can carry an inserted gene into their progeny have only been produced in the mouse. Logically, before application of stem cell therapies into a human medicine, it is necessary to verify the efficiency and safety of these methods with an acceptable animal model. The pig is currently used as a very convenient animal for pre-clinical applications, and therefore establishment of porcine ES cell lines is highly needed; unfortunately, no convincing ES cell lines have been produced in this species (and other domestic animals) to date. In this article, we discuss the recent advances in this field, especially oriented on possible reasons and obstacles why derivation of porcine ES cell lines is still unsuccessful.     

肉牛遗传育种与繁殖技术发展趋势

肉牛业是畜牧业的重要组成部分,而良种产业化是肉牛产业发展的关键。20世纪人工授精、胚胎移植、发情控制等繁育技术的出现及常规育种技术的应用,使肉牛遗传改良取得了巨大进展,但越来越不能满足现代肉牛业发展的需求。进入21世纪,随着现代生物技术的迅速发展,肉牛育种已从传统表型和表型值育种朝着分子水平方向发展;以配子与胚胎工程、基因工程为主体的高新繁育技术将逐渐成为肉牛繁育的主要手段;体外胚胎生产、胚胎移植商业化应用将会进一步提高,实现产业化;动物克隆、转基因动物生产经不断发展与完善,将成为肉牛育种方面最具潜力的方法。论文就肉牛育种与繁育技术的发展趋势作一简要论述,旨在为肉牛生产提供理论依据与参考。     

转基因动物研究进展

转基因动物技术是将已知的外源基因导入动物细胞并整合到基因组中,从而使其得以表达的技术。此技术将分子、细胞和个体水平统一起来,标志着基因工程已由离体操作发展到离体与载体相结合的新阶段。目前,转基因动物的制作方法主要有反转录病毒感染法、显微注射法、胚胎干细胞法和精子载体法等,每种方法都有其优缺点。转基因动物技术主要应用在人类疾病模型、生物反应器、异体器官移植和改良动物品种与性状等方面。同时转基因动物技术也存在一些技术难题和安全性问题,但发展前景被普遍看好。