不同组分体外成熟培养基对绵羊卵母细胞成熟、代谢及孤雌胚胎发育的影响

为了探究不同组分体外成熟培养基对绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟的影响,试验从健康绵羊卵巢中分离卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs),将分离的COCs分为V-FSH+LH+E₂+FBS组、V-FSH+FBS组、V-FSH+LH+E₂+BSA组、P-FSH+LH+E₂+FBS组、P-FSH+FBS组、P-FSH+LH+E₂+BSA组,每组分别添加以V-促卵泡素(FSH,垂体中提纯的FSH)和P-FSH(体外基因重组表达的FSH)为基础设计的体外成熟培养基以进行体外成熟试验,即各组依次添加V-FSH+促黄体素(LH)+雌激素(E₂)+胎牛血清(FBS)、V-FSH+FBS、V-FSH+LH+E₂+牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、P-FSH+LH+E₂+FBS、P-FSH+FBS、P-FSH+LH+E₂+BSA体外成熟培养基,体外成熟后检测各组卵丘扩展指数(CEI)、第一极体排出率、卵母细胞氧化还原态、乳酸生成量、葡萄糖消耗量、ATP生成量;...     

不同季节吐鲁番黑羊血清中生殖激素的变化规律研究

为研究吐鲁番黑羊不同季节血清生殖激素的分泌变化规律与繁殖活动的调控关系,本实验以6只年龄为2～4岁、体重为45～55kg的吐鲁番黑羊母羊为研究对象,采集2019年7月-2020年7月春、夏、秋、冬4个季节吐鲁番黑羊血液样本,利用ELISA酶联免疫吸附试验分别测定整个发情周期血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌激素(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)水平,并分析其分泌规律。结果表明：吐鲁番黑羊血液中FSH、LH、E₂、P₄含量呈现显著的季节性变化,夏秋两季FSH、LH和E₂的分泌量高于春季和冬季(P<0.05),P₄含量则是春季和冬季高于夏季和秋季(P<0.05);情期内4种激素上升下降变化趋势一致,没有明显的季节性差异,且吐鲁番黑羊在不同季节都能自然发情,其中夏季与秋季自然发情效果最好。综上,为进一步提高吐鲁番黑羊繁殖效率和生产效益,可在夏季和秋季对吐鲁番黑羊母羊进行同期发情人工授精,扩大吐鲁番黑羊种群。     

饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对母羊发情周期内生殖激素的影响

为了探讨饲粮中添加α-亚麻酸对母羊发情周期内生殖激素的影响,试验将体重相近、体况良好的2～3岁蒙古羊20只随机分为2组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3%α-亚麻酸。试验期为50 d,其中预试期5 d、正试期45 d。在预试期5 d后给每只母羊肌内注射1 mL氯前列腺烯醇(PG),隔8 d再注射PG1 mL;6 d后给每只羊安装阴道栓,11 d后撤阴道栓并肌内注射孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)400 IU。每组随机选取6只母羊,在撤栓前1天及发情周期第1,10,20天采血,分离血清,并用放射免疫分析法测定血清雌激素(E₂)、孕酮(P)、黄体素(LH)和促卵泡素(FSH)含量。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,母羊血清E₂、P、LH和FSH含量在撤栓前1天及发情周期第1,10,20天的4个时间点均显著提高(P<0.05)。(2)在发情周期内,母羊血清E₂含量在发情初期最高(P<0.05),P含量在发情周期第10天左右进入高位(P<0.05),血清LH和FSH含量也是发情初期高、而后进入下降态势(P...     

人尿促性腺激素、雌二醇及表皮生长因子对牛卵母细胞体外成熟质量的影响

试验旨在研究不同激素配比及表皮生长因子(EGF)浓度对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及卵母细胞质量的影响。将随机分组的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体于添加FSH+LH、HMG、FSH+LH+E₂、HMG+E₂ 4种不同激素组合配比的成熟基础液中培养,对比其体外成熟率,比较了EGF对牛卵母细胞体外成熟率和孤雌胚胎体外发育的影响,并采用TUNEL法检测添加不同浓度EGF的牛孤雌激活囊胚细胞凋亡情况。结果表明,添加HMG的成熟试验结果稳定,E₂对牛卵母细胞成熟有一定的促进作用,HMG+E₂联合使用可以得到高效稳定的成熟结果;在此基础上,在成熟液中添加30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟质量、胚胎发育及降低胚胎细胞凋亡都有明显的促进作用。因此,在体外成熟培养液中添加0.075 IU/mL HMG、1 μg/mL E₂和30 ng/mL EGF对牛卵母细胞的成熟和质量较为有益。     

不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素监测

为了解不同月份生产的奶山羊泌乳期生殖激素与生长激素(GH)变化规律,随机抽取1、3、5和8月份分娩的奶山羊各10只,于分娩后0 d、7 d、1~8个月(每月的第15天)时采集母羊静脉血,分离血清,采用ELISA试剂盒检测母羊外周血中催乳素(PRL)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌激素(E₂)、孕酮(P₄)和GH水平变化。结果显示:不同月份产羔母羊泌乳期间外周血中同一激素的动态变化趋势一致;在整个泌乳期间,1、3、5、8月份产羔母羊PRL、FSH、LH、P₄、E₂、GH含量的动态变化范围分别为446.17~221.72 ng·L^-1、9.49~3.82 U·L^-1、351.17~218.16 pg·mL^-1、4086.83~3568.15 pmol·L^-1,33.74~22.30 ng·L^-1、30.36~11.57μg·L^-1;不同月份产羔母羊外周血中GH水平在相同泌乳期均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSH水平在0 d有显著差异(P<0.05),P₄水平在8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),PRL水平在泌乳的0 d和2、3、8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),LH水平在泌乳的0 d、2个月时有显著差异(P<0.05),E₂水平在泌乳0 d、3个月和8个月时有显著差异(P<0.05)。结果表明:奶山羊产羔月份的不同对泌乳期间的激素水平有一定的影响,但动态变化趋势一致。     

促卵泡素和促黄体生成素对儋州鸡生殖激素调控规律的研究

为研究促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体生成素（LH）对儋州鸡体内其他生殖激素的调控规律,本试验通过改变FSH和LH在儋州鸡血液中的浓度,并采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对处理前后儋州鸡血液中FSH、LH、催乳素（PRL）、孕酮（P）、雌二醇（E₂）的浓度进行测定。结果发现,注射外源性FSH和LH分别能提高儋州鸡血液中FSH和LH浓度;当儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度显著升高时则均能引起PRL浓度显著降低（P < 0.05）,但当FSH和LH浓度同时显著升高时,PRL浓度显著升高（P < 0.05）;当儋州鸡血液中FSH浓度显著升高时,E₂及P浓度显著提升（P < 0.05）,且在高浓度LH的协同下提升幅度更大;当儋州鸡血液中LH浓度显著升高时E₂及P浓度升高但不显著（P > 0.05）。本研究结果表明,儋州鸡血液中FSH或LH浓度的提高均能降低PRL的浓度,并能不同程度的提升E₂及P的浓度,但FSH与LH浓度同时提高则能通过协同作用刺激E₂及P浓度的大幅提升,当E₂及P浓度过高时能通过刺激PRL的释放,负反馈调节血液中FSH与LH,并恢复血液中E₂及P浓度。     

半胱胺对配种季节雄性藏绵羊部分生殖激素和精子活力的影响

为研究半胱胺(CS)对配种季节雄性藏绵羊部分生殖激素和精子活力的影响,选择50只雄性健康藏绵羊,随机分成5组,补饲基础日粮的同时,隔日分别添加不同剂量的CS[0、5、10、15、20mg/(kg·BW)]一次。定期空腹颈静脉采集血液和精液,检测试验羊血清FSH、LH、E(雌激素)、T(睾酮)水平,鲜精和维生素B12做4倍稀释后于4℃保存8 h后测定精子的活力。结果表明:随着CS添加量的增加,血清中FSH和LH分泌水平逐渐降低,而E和T分泌水平逐步提高,当CS添加量为10mg/(kg·BW)时,分泌水平达到峰值,之后随着添加量的增加分泌水平下降;配种季节雄性藏绵羊鲜精和鲜精经维生素B12稀释后的精子活力均以CS 10 mg/(kg·BW)添加量组为最高。结论:配种季节雄性藏绵羊补饲日粮中添加CS可抑制FSH和LH的分泌水平,提高E和T的分泌水平,以及精子活力,且以CS 10 mg/(kg·BW)添加量为最佳。此结果可为CS在配种季节雄性藏绵羊补饲日粮中的应用奠定基础。     

圈养华北豹粪便样品中生殖激素的变化规律

为了提高华北豹的繁殖效率,了解华北豹生殖激素的变化规律,特别是由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴调控下分泌的雌二醇(E₂)、促黄体素(LH)和孕酮(P)在华北豹的发情、排卵和妊娠中的作用,本试验采集2～3月和8～9月华北豹的粪便样品,提取样品中的生殖激素E₂、LH和P,并利用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定其含量。结果显示,在2～3月华北豹粪便样品中,E₂和P出现规律性的变化,并且E₂出现2次峰值;LH呈现脉冲式的变化,并且有2次脉冲式峰值。在8～9月华北豹的粪便样品中,E₂、LH和P有一定的规律,LH呈现出1次脉冲式峰值,P维持在高位水平。结果表明,对有发情症状的华北豹可以在2～3月和8～9月进行合笼配种。     

小花棘豆中毒对和田羊母羊繁殖器官的影响

试验旨在探讨小花棘豆（Oxytropis glabra DC）中毒对和田羊母羊繁殖器官指数、性激素水平和相关基因mRNA表达量的影响。以小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊为研究对象,采集血清后屠宰,采集试验羊的丘脑、垂体和卵巢组织,测定其脏器系数,检测血清中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、促卵泡素（FSH）、促黄体素（LH）、雌二醇（E₂）和孕酮（P₄）含量的变化,并检测各组织中相关繁殖基因的表达。结果显示,小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊丘脑、垂体和卵巢指数均极显著升高（P < 0.01）,且卵巢表面卵泡数显著下降（P < 0.05）,HE染色表明丘脑神经元细胞固缩、浓染;垂体中细胞核变形、浓染,胞浆减少;卵巢中初级卵母细胞溶解、消失,间质血管扩张。小花棘豆中毒和田羊母羊血清中GnRH、FSH、LH、E₂和P₄含量均极显著下降（P < 0.01）,丘脑中Kiss-1、GPR54、ERα mRNA,垂体中GnRHR mRNA和卵巢中FSHR、LHR mRNA表达量均极显著下降（P < 0.01）。结果表明,小花棘豆毒性成分可通过丘脑-垂体-性腺轴影响和田羊母羊的生殖系统。     

褪黑激素埋植剂对发情期水貂卵巢形态、卵泡发育及血清主要生殖激素的影响

旨在探讨褪黑激素(MLT)埋植剂埋植239 d对发情期水貂卵巢形态和卵泡发育及血清主要生殖激素的影响。试验分为对照组和试验组(MLT埋植剂18 mg/只埋植239 d),每组水貂各4只。分别采集卵巢和血清,用游标卡尺测量长、宽、厚,计算体积并称重,制备卵巢石蜡切片,用光学显微镜测量各级卵泡和卵母细胞直径及透明带厚度,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法测定血清主要生殖激素含量。结果表明：试验组卵巢长、宽、厚及重量均显著增大(P<0.05),体积极显著增大(P<0.01);原始卵泡及其卵母细胞的直径、三级卵泡直径显著增大(P<0.05),透明带厚度仅在三级卵泡阶段差异显著(P<0.05);血清促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E₂)和孕酮(P₄)含量差异均不显著(P>0.05)。由此得出,水貂于7月初埋植MLT埋植剂(18 mg/只)239 d对发情期水貂卵巢的重量和体积及原始卵泡和三级卵泡的提前发育均有促进作用;对血清FSH、LH、E₂和P₄含量没有影响。     

Changes in the serum concentrations of gonadotrophins and oestradiol in peripubertal Chinese Beijing Black gilts

Four gilts of the Chinese Beijing Black breed, all from the same litter, had their blood serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and oestrogens (E₂) measured by radioimmunoassay at intervals of 20 days between the ages of 5 and 185 days. The concentrations of LH declined sharply between days 5 to 25 and remained low until rising again from day 85 and reaching a peak at day 105 before declining again and remaining constant. The concentrations of FSH increased from day 85, peaking at day 105, followed by a slow decline to day 185. Serum E₂ concentrations were high at day 5 then decreased dramatically, but increased considerably at 185 days. These results are similar to those reported from European breeds.Abbreviations CV coefficient of variation - E₂ oestrogens - FSH follicle stimulating hormone - IU international unit - LH luteinizing hormone - RIA radioimmunoassay     

Effects of age,season, and fertility status on plasma and intratesticular immunoreactive (IR) inhibin concentrations in stallions

The nature of the relationship between inhibin and reproductive function in the stallion is yet to be elucidated. Blood and testes from 51 light horse stallions ranging in age from 2 mo to 25 years were collected during the breeding and nonbreeding seasons to study the effects of testicular maturation, aging, season, and fertility status on peripheral and intratesticular concentrations of Ir inhibin and other reproductive hormones. Of the 51 stallions, 12 age-matched stallions (6 fertile, 3 subfertile, and 3 infertile) were used in the fertility study. Blood samples were taken before castration and plasma stored at −20°C for analysis of Ir inhibin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), estradiol (E₂), and estrogen conjugates (EC) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Testes were homogenized and testicular extracts prepared and frozen at −70°C for analysis of Ir inhibin, T, E₂, and EC by RIA. Plasma concentrations of Ir inhibin, LH, FSH, T, E₂, and EC and intratesticular concentrations of Ir inhibin, T, E₂, and EC increased with age (P < 0.01). The most dramatic effect appeared to be during testicular maturation. An aging effect was not observed in adult stallions. A seasonal effect was not detected for any of the plasma hormones, whereas for the intratesticular hormones the only change noted was an increase in T in the nonbreeding season (P < 0.05). Plasma Ir inhibin, E₂, and EC were lower (P < 0.01) and gonadotropins higher (P < 0.05) in infertile stallions. Plasma T levels did not change. Intratesticular Ir inhibin concentrations tended to be lower (P < 0.1) in subfertile stallions and significantly lower (P < 0.01) in infertile stallions, whereas intratesticular steroid levels were not different among the three groups. In conclusion, plasma and intratesticular Ir inhibin concentrations seem to be affected by testicular maturation and fertility status.     

Serum hormones in response to estradiol and (OR) progesterone in ovariectomized cows after thyroidectomy

To evaluate the effect of gonadal steroid treatment and thyroidectomy on concentrations of gonadotropins and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the bovine, nonlactating Holstein cows were either thyroidectomized and ovariectomized (THYOVEX; n=6) or ovariectomized only (OVEX; n=4), and subsequently treated with no gonadal steroids (control), estradiol-17β (E₂), progesterone (P₄), or P₄+E₂ in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment. Averaged across steroid treatments, baseline concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH; P < .05) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; P <.10) were higher in THYOVEX cows than in OVEX cows. Pulse frequencies and amplitudes of LH and FSH did not differ between THYOVEX and OVEX cows. Secretion of TSH was pulsatile and all concentrations and pulsatile characteristics of TSH were increased (P < .05) in THYOVEX compared to OVEX cows. Treatment with E₂ and P₄ decreased (P < .05) baseline concentrations and magnitude of LH pulses, whereas P₄+E₂ increased (P < .01) pulse frequency of LH and FSH. Amplitude of LH and FSH pulses were not affected by treatment with either steroid. Treatment with P₄+E₂ decreased (P < .05) baseline concentrations of TSH, whereas pulse frequency, and magnitude and amplitude of TSH pulses were not altered by treatment with steroids. Mean concentrations of LH and FSH were similar during 48 hr after termination of E₂ and P₄+E₂ treatments, but concentrations of TSH were higher (P = .06) after P₄+E₂ than after E₂. Secretion of TSH showed a diurnal variation, with the lowest concentrations in the morning and highest in the afternoon. These results indicate that thyroidectomy influenced secretion of gonadotropins in OVEX cows.     

胸腺肽对雄性小鼠血清激素水平的影响

为探讨胸腺肽对雄性小鼠血清激素水平的影响,采用放射性免疫分析法和生化法测定注射不同剂量胸腺肽1月龄、3月龄雄性小鼠血清中促黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、胰岛素(INS)和血糖水平.结果显示,1月龄雄性小鼠注射胸腺肽后LH和T水平均升高,其中高剂量组显著升高(P<0.05);TSH水平升高,其中...     

Pubertal development in the male pig: effects of treatment with a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on plasma luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone.

The effects of a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, [D-Trp6]-GnRH (GnRH-A) on developmental profiles of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulation hormone (FSH) and testosterone (T), and pituitary responsiveness to exogenous GnRH were studied in male Dutch Landrace x Large White crossbred pigs from 1 to 30 wk of age. Group 1 control animals (control; n = 12) were injected subcutaneously in the neck with vehicle at 1 and 16 wk of age. Group 2 animals (early treatment; n = 10) were injected with 600 micrograms [D-Trp6]-GnRH at 1 wk and with vehicle at 16 wk. Group 3 animals (late treatment; n = 8) were injected with vehicle and 3 mg GnRH-A at 1 and 16 wk, respectively. Group 4 animals (early plus late treatment; n = 9) were injected at both 1 and 16 wk with GnRH-A. Blood was collected by brachiocephalic puncture at weekly or biweekly intervals, and through brachiocephalic cannulae, to determine longitudinal profiles of LH, FSH and T, and plasma gonadotropin responses to intravenous injection of GnRH (0.1 microgram/kg), respectively. In control animals, LH and FSH declined over the first 5 wk of postnatal life and peaked again at 10-14 wk. Levels of both hormones were basal from 18 to 30 wk. Plasma T was high in the first week, declined progressively over the next few weeks and remained low until 24 wk when a transient increment was noted. The LH and FSH responses to acute GnRH stimulation were similar at 7 and 14 wk and declined significantly at 23 wk of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Elevation of serum testosterone during chronic LHRH agonist treatment in the bull

The objective of this study was to try to depress serum testosterone (T) in bulls by prolonged treatment with a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist. Eight sexually mature bulls (325 to 475 kg) were assigned to treatment or control groups. Treatment consisted of 150 micrograms nafarelin acetate 6-D-2-naphthyl-alanine-LHRH (LHRH-A) injected im every 6 h for 15 d. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, .01%) in a carrier solution was injected at the same times in control bulls. Serial 15-min blood samples were collected via jugular cannula during the initial 36 h of treatment and during 6-h windows on d 4, 8 and 14. Bulls were slaughtered and pituitaries and testes collected on d 15. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and T were elevated after initial injection of LHRH-A, but returned to basal concentrations by 12, 5 and 17 h, respectively. Prolonged LHRH-A treatment prevented pulsatile LH and T secretion compared with control bulls. Mean serum LH did not differ from that of controls on d 4, 8 and 14 of LHRH-A treatment, while serum T was elevated (P less than .01) during the same time periods. Oscillating patterns and mean concentrations of serum FSH were not different between control and LHRH-A-treated bulls. Fifteen days of LHRH-A treatment depressed pituitary LHRH receptor numbers (P less than .05) and pituitary LH (P less than .01) and FSH (P less than .05) concentrations. Testicular LH receptor numbers were elevated (P less than .01), but testicular FSH receptor numbers were not altered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Reference blood chemical values in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Reference blood chemical values were determined for 65 male and 61 female ostriches (Struthio camelus) 1 month to 72 months of age. Plasma values of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, osmolality, electrolytes, and enzyme activity were determined. In general, differences in various values appeared mainly among age groups and less so between sexes. Older ostriches had lower plasma glucose values and enzyme activity than did younger ostriches. High plasma sodium and chloride concentrations in young ostriches correlated with high plasma osmolalities. Plasma calcium values were lower in laying ostriches. Uric acid concentrations were markedly higher than were urea concentrations in all ostriches.     

Changes in hormonal profiles during the estrous cycle in old lactating beef cows

Patterns of concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) during an estrous cycle were compared between 15 lactating beef cows 5 to 7 years of age (young) and 15 cows greater than or equal to 12 years of age (old). Length of estrous cycle did not differ between young and old cows (P = .06). No differences due to age were found for LH. Patterns of concentrations of P4 during the first 15 days of the cycle, of FSH during days 6 through 12 and of E2 during the follicular phase differed with age (P less than .05). An earlier (P less than .025) midcycle elevation of FSH was associated with an earlier rise and greater concentration of E2 (P less than .05) during the follicular phase in old than in young cows. Differences in FSH and P4, although subtle, were consistent with an earlier or more advanced follicular development in old cows, leading to greater secretion of E2 from the preovulatory follicle.     

Gonadotrophin concentrations during growth and maturation in domestic turkeys

1. Circulating immuno-reactive-luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured between hatching and either 17 or 30 weeks of age in turkeys. 2. In one experiment both sexes were reared together. The pattern of changes in gonadotrophin concentration with age consisted of high LH concentrations at 3 to 8 and 16 to 19 weeks old and FSH peaks between weeks 3 and 10 and at weeks 18 and 19. 3. In two separate experiments male and female birds were reared separately for 17 weeks. In these turkeys the LH concentration was high for 3 weeks following hatching and also after 10 weeks, while FSH was elevated at weeks 10 and 15 in females and at weeks 7 and 13 in males. 4. There were lower plasma LH concentrations in turkeys which had received testosterone implants while the FSH concentration was elevated. 5. Pinealectomy in female turkeys led to increased FSH concentrations at 2 weeks but depressed FSH concentrations thereafter.     

Plasma concentrations of luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, androgen, growth hormone, prolactin, thyroxine and triiodothyronine during growth and sexual development in the cockerel

Changes in concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), androgen, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl), thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured during growth and sexual maturation in broiler cockerels reared in continuous light to 7 weeks and 14 h light/d thereafter. Concentrations of LH and FSH began to increase between 13 and 15 weeks, while those of androgens increased between 16 and 17 weeks. FSH concentration increased faster than that of LH. Concentrations of GH and Prl were high at 3 weeks; that of GH decreasing progressively between 3 and 14 weeks of age and thereafter remaining low, while that of Prl was low between 5 and 9 weeks, relatively high between 10 and 13 weeks, and then temporarily decreasing before increasing progressively during sexual maturation. Concentrations of T3 and T4 were higher in juvenile than in adult birds.