青海八眉猪五种血液无机离子含量的测定

对青海省湟中县40头八眉猪五种血液无机离子含量进行了测定。结果:全血铁(BFe)7.52±1.25mmol/L;全血钾(BK)50.3±6.24mmol/L;血浆钾(PK)6.31±0.63mmol/L;红细胞钾(EK)113.57±18.78mmol/L;血浆总钙(PTCa)2.09±0.26mmol/L;血浆游离钙(PFCa)0.50±0.26mmol/L;血浆结合钙(PBCa)1.60±0.13mmol/L;血浆游离钙百分率(PFCa%)22.98±9.95%;血浆无机磷(PP)1.57±0.41mmol/L;血浆氯化物(PCl-)105.88±11.18mmol/L。公、母猪之间的各项指标都没有显著差异(P>0.05)。     

青海八眉猪仔猪12项血液指标测定

对青海省 43头八眉猪仔猪的 12项血液指标进行了测定。结果为 :RBC ,7 0 5± 1 4 1× 10 1 2 L ;PCV ,0 4 2± 0 0 6L L :Hb ,12 6 3± 2 0 .82g L ;全血钾 ,5 0 36± 6 2 4mmol L ;血浆钾 ,6 31± 0 6 3mmol L ;;血浆总钙 ,2 0 9± 0 2 6mmol L ;血浆无机磷 ,1 5 7± 0 4 1mmol L ;血浆氯 ,10 5 9± 11 84mmol L ;血浆总蛋白 ,74 6 2± 5 11g L ;血浆白蛋白 ,45 2 0± 9 2 0g L ;血浆球蛋白 ,2 9 4 1± 8 32g L ;A G ,1 70± 0 6 2。且公、母猪之间的各项血液指标都没有显著差异。     

互助八眉猪仔猪红细胞系统特性的研究

采用常规法对41头互助八眉猪仔猪7项红细胞指标进行了测定。结果：RBC,（7．05±1.44）×10^12／L;Hb,126．29±20．82g/L;PCV,0．42±0．060L／L;MCV,62．23±13．57fL;MCH,18．22±5．66pg;MCHC,298．38±39．21g／L;氧结合量,0．170±0．028L／g。且公、母猪之间的各项指标都没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）;八眉猪红细胞系统具有较强的携氧能力,适应高原低氧环境生存。     

野猪和杂种猪血清淀粉酶活性的测定

对青海省多巴镇猪场的12头野猪及20头杂种猪血清淀粉酶(AMY)活性进行了测定.结果为:1.野猪血清AMY活性(355.56IIU/L)极显著低于杂种猪血清AMY活性(621.22IIU/L)(P＜0.05);2.野猪、杂种猪的血清AMY活性不存在性别、日龄间差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

青海互助猪仔猪血浆蛋白质指标测定

采用折射计法和醋酸纤维素薄膜电泳法对39头互助猪仔猪血浆蛋白质指标进行了测定.结果表明血浆总蛋白74.62±5.11g/L、白蛋白45.20±9.20g/L、球蛋白29.41±8.32g/L、血浆蛋白质组分(%):白蛋白60.44±11.8、α-球蛋白15.57±7.90、β-球蛋白、15.67±8.11、γ-球蛋白8.32±5.55、A/G1.70±0.62.公、母互助仔猪之间的各项血浆蛋白质指标都没有显著差异(P>0.05).     

八眉杂交猪生长性能杂种优势效应分析

试验分别选用长白(2头)、大白(2头)和白杜公猪(2头)对青海八眉母猪(90头)进行杂交生产二元猪,杂交组合方式为长白(♂)×八眉(♀)(简称长八)、大白(♂)×八眉(♀)(简称大八)、白杜(♂)×八眉(♀)(简称杜八)随机选取二元仔猪90头(每个杂交组合30头),同时以纯繁八眉猪为对照,.对生长性能进行测定,并对杂种优势效应进行分析,结果表明:长八,大八和杜八仔猪初生重、20日龄重、35日龄重、2月龄重、4月龄重和6月龄重均极显著或显著高于纯种八眉仔猪(P0.01或P0.05),并显著高于纯种长白仔猪(P0.05)。表现出较强的杂交优势。其中,长八和大八仔猪初生重、35日龄重、2月龄重、4月龄重和6月龄重生长性能杂种优势均优于杜八,以长八的杂交优势最佳。     

野仔猪血清钙指标的测定

对青海省多巴镇猪场的12头野仔猪的4项血清钙指标进行了测定。结果表明:血清总钙,2.26±0.29 mmol/L;血清结合钙,1.71±0.15 mmol/L;血清游离钙,0.55±0.21 mmol/L;血清游离钙百分率,23.69%±6.89%。且公、母仔猪间4项钙指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。40日龄仔猪血清总钙、结合钙均显著高于60日龄仔猪(P<0.05)。     

杜洛克杂种仔猪四项血清钙指标的研究

对青海省湟中县多巴镇猪场的20头杜洛克(父本)杂种仔猪的四项血清钙指标进行了测定。结果为:杜洛克二元杂交仔猪,血清总钙,2.40±0.12mmol/L;血清结合钙,1.57±0.20mmol/L;血清游离钙,0.85±0.19 mmol/血清游离钙百分率,35.27±7.64%。杜洛克三元杂交仔猪,血清总钙,2.45 0.24mmol/L;血清结合钙,1.66±0.13mmol/L;血清游离钙,0.80±0.22mmol/L;血清游离钙百分率,32.12±6.64%。且公、母仔猪间四项钙指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

野猪消化能力及其消化道结构的研究

本研究以八眉猪为对照,分别对体质量在53 kg±2.3 kg的野猪消化能力和体质量在33kg~43 kg的野猪消化道结构进行了研究。结果表明,野猪日采食量(2.44 kg±0.15 kg)显著低于八眉猪(3.43 kg±0.28 kg)(P<0.05);八眉猪对粗蛋白质的日消化量(0.309 kg±0.084 kg)显著高于野猪(0.231 kg±0.126 kg)(P<0.05),但野猪对粗蛋白质的消化率(75.89±1.26)却显著高于八眉猪(72.3±0.45);野猪对粗纤维的日消化量(0.059 kg±0.028 kg)和消化率(45.72±1.82)显著低于八眉猪,而对磷的利用率(27.67±1.91)显著高于八眉猪(19.99±1.79)。野猪的大肠长度(3.36±0.38 m)、大肠容积(5.91±1.04 L)、胃容积(1.82±1.36 L)、小肠长度(14.15±0.31L)、均极显著小于八眉猪(P<0.01)。     

加酶益生素饲喂断奶仔猪效果试验

为研究加酶益生素对断奶仔猪的影响,笔者于2012年3—5月在青海省互助县八眉猪保种场进行断奶仔猪饲喂效果试验。1试验设计选择日龄、体重相近的长×杜×八(八眉猪)杂种仔猪32头,随机分成2组,每组16头,公母各半。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加0.1%     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Comparison of four techniques of arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of the horse

Reasons for performing study: Clinical experiences indicate that centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint is often unsuccessful. Objective: To determine the accuracy of 2 published and 2 unpublished techniques of centesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint. Hypothesis: It was hypothesised that a drug can be administered into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint via a diverticulum of this joint that surrounds the medial aspect of the long digital extensor tendon and that this technique is more accurate than described techniques of centesis of this compartment. Methods: Twenty‐four stifles of 12 horses were divided equally into 4 groups and a radiocontrast medium injected into the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint of each group using a hypodermic needle inserted: 1) caudal to the lateral patellar ligament and proximal to the tibial plateau, 2) caudal to the long digital extensor tendon and proximal to the tibial plateau, 3) between the long digital extensor tendon and bone of the extensor groove of the tibia or 4) directly through the long digital extensor tendon until it contacted bone. Twelve veterinary students who had no experience using any of these techniques performed the injections. Accuracy of each technique was determined by examining radiographs obtained after injecting the contrast medium. Results: The most successful technique for arthrocentesis was by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon. This approach was successful in all attempted cases, whilst other techniques had lower rates of success. Conclusions: The lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint can be accessed accurately by inserting a needle through the long digital extensor tendon as it lies within the extensor groove. Other techniques may not be as accurate for clinicians inexperienced in arthrocentesis of the lateral compartment of the femorotibial joint.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Prevalence of diseases of the spinal cord of cats

A retrospective review of records of 205 cats with histologically confirmed disease of the spinal cord was performed to identify the prevalence of disease in this nonrandomly selected population of cats. Clinical records were reviewed, and age, duration of neurologic illness, and clinical and histopathologic findings in cats with spinal cord disease were abstracted. Disease processes were classified into 7 categories and 23 groups. The most common diseases affecting the spinal cord of cats were feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), lymphosarcoma (LSA), and neoplasia of the vertebral column secondarily affecting the spinal cord. Information on age, onset and duration of clinical signs, and lesion localization at the postmortem examination in cats belonging to the 7 categories of disease were analyzed to create a practical list of differential diagnoses. Cats were also subcategorized into 3 groups based on their age at death. FIP was the most common disease of cats younger than 2 years of age. LSA and vertebral column neoplasia were the most common diseases affecting cats between 2 and 8 years of age. Vertebral column neoplasia was the most common disease affecting cats older than 8 years of age. Results of this histopathologic study showed that FIP and LSA were the most common disease processes affecting the spinal cord of cats. However, at least 21 other groups of diseases and their relative prevalence were identified.     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留量的不确定度评定

根据JJF1059-1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》建立了高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中土霉素残留测量的不确定度评定方法,评定过程包括建立测量程序、分析不确定度来源、对不确定度分量进行量化。将不确定度归类为两大类。随机效应导致的不确定度可以通过一系列具有统计意义的重复观测值进行A类评定;系统效应导致的不确定度通过各测量器具、设备的说明书、校准证书提供的参数进行B类评定。本方法鸡肉中土霉素残留量的相对合成标准不确定度约为3.9%。     

几个柑橘品种实生苗的抗旱性评价研究

以5个金柑属品种、枳壳、软枝酸橘及广西土柠檬实生苗为材料,进行复水成活率、旱害指数、叶片相对含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）、脯氨酸等生理指标及隶属函数的综合分析,为柑橘抗性砧木品种选育提供参考。结果表明：胁迫20d复水后的成活率融安滑皮金柑和长寿金柑最高,为100%,软枝酸橘最低,为88.9%;随着干旱胁迫加剧,各品种的旱害指数呈上升趋势,长寿金柑的旱害指数最低,为0.25,软枝酸橘的旱害指数最高,为0.61;从叶片相对含水量的结果来看,长寿金柑的变化幅度最小,软枝酸橘的变化幅度最大,在第18d时分别为61.19%和37.85%;3种保护酶之间相互协同作用减轻植株受害程度,其活性变化幅度与丙二醛和脯氨酸的含量变化相似。利用隶属函数法综合分析,得出各品种的抗旱性强弱依次为长寿金柑>枳壳>融安滑皮金柑>融安金柑>山金柑>广西土柠檬>金枣>软枝酸橘。     

两种绿头鸭肌肉营养成分分析及评价

本试验旨在研究两种绿头鸭（白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭）肌肉营养组成和价值,为绿头鸭肉产品的开发利用提供基础数据和理论依据。选择白羽绿头鸭和绿头鸭60只（每个品种各30只,公母各半）,依照国家标准测定胸肌粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、胆固醇含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸、微量元素和维生素的组成和含量,并对胸肌进行氨基酸评价及脂肪酸营养价值评价。结果显示,白羽绿头鸭肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;两种绿头鸭肌肉中均检测到17种含量大于0.01%的氨基酸,其中白羽绿头鸭肌肉苏氨酸、组氨酸、丝氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,赖氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到13种含量均大于0.01%的脂肪酸,其中白羽绿头鸭硬脂酸和油酸含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）;检测到9种矿物质元素（钠、镁、钾、钙、锰、铁、铜、锌和硒）,两种绿头鸭差异不显著（P>0.05）;检测到8种维生素,白羽绿头鸭肌肉维生素B₁含量显著高于绿头鸭（P<0.05）,维生素D和维生素E含量显著低于绿头鸭（P<0.05）。两种绿头鸭肌肉氨基酸比例接近世卫组织推荐的理想模式,富含人体所需的矿物质元素和维生素,具有广阔的开发利用前景。