PP333对柠檬成花,花量及花质的影响

在四川重庆于１０月２３日和１１月３日对８年生枳砧尤力克柠檬用３００×１０＾－６，４５０×１０＾－６ＰＰ３３３进行叶面喷施，可极显著或显著地促进成花，提高花量和正常花的比例，对次年着果也有良好效果。     

PP333对巨峰葡萄坐果和副梢发生量的影响

ＰＰ３３３（多效唑）是一种可延缓植物生长的化学药剂，目前已广泛应用于对多种果树生长和结果的调控。为探讨ＰＰ３３３对巨峰葡萄坐果及副梢发生数量的影响，我们于１９９９年４月至５月开展了本试验。１ 材料与方法 试验在荆州市荆西村李粒山葡萄园中进行，供试材料为８年生巨峰葡萄，树势较弱，管理水平一般。供试药剂为江西农业大学化工厂生产的 １５％ＰＰ３３３可湿性粉剂。处理方法为：巨峰葡萄盛花期前１周（５月４日）叶面喷施。试验设 ５００ × １０－６、１０００ × １０－６、１５００ × １０－６、２０００×１０－６４种…     

稀土对适龄不结果新会橙促花保果效果显著

稀土对适龄不结果新会橙促花保果效果显著桂林地区林科所挂子山新会橙园内的酸桔砧新会橙（１９８９年３月定植）树势壮旺，到１９９３年仅零星挂果，遂采用常乐稀土农用益植素（广西博白化工厂产）进行促花。设３００×１０－６、５００×１０－６、７００×１０－６、１...     

几种植物生长调节剂对葡萄果实大小和品质的效应

对ＣＰＰＵ、ＧＡ＿３、ＰＤＪ和Ｓ－ＡＢＡ等几种植物生长调节剂组合对葡萄果实大小和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在盛花期前１０天ＧＡ＿３５０×１０￣（－６）配合盛花后１０天ＣＰＰＵ１０×１０（－６）和ＧＡ＿３１０×１０￣（－６）混合处理，增大白香蕉葡萄果穗和果粒重量的效果明显，同时增加了果实可溶性固形物含量和着色度。在盛花后１５天ＣＰＰＵ５×１０￣（－６）配合果实着色始期ＰＤＪ２５０×１０（－６）的处理，可明显增大藤稔葡萄果穗、单粒重及可溶性固形物含量，并促进果面着色。     

GA3对乙烯利抑制黄瓜苗生长的逆转效应

黄瓜幼苗经过５００×１０＾－６乙烯利喷苗处理，严重抑制了黄瓜幼苗的生长，并趋向老化；用ＧＡ３三种浓度（５×１０＾－６、１０×１０＾－６、２０×１０＾－６）喷叶处理后，有效地逆转了乙烯利对黄瓜幼苗的影响，使其趋向于壮苗。在三种浓度或以１０×１０＾－６处理的效果最好。     

龙眼授粉生物学研究

龙眼花粉萌发的适温为２０￣３０℃，添加２，４－Ｄ１０×１０＾－６￣２０×１０＾－６、ＧＡ３１５×１０＾－６￣３０×１０＾－６、ＮＡＡ２０×１０＾－６￣４０×１０＾－６，三十烷醇２×１０＾－６￣３×１０＾－６以及硼砂５０×１０＾－６￣２００×１０＾－６、钼酸铵１×１０＾－４￣５×１０＾－６，均可显著提高其花粉育性。龙眼授粉的有效时间为开花后１￣４天，以开花后２天内授粉着果率最高；授粉后５小时已有少量     

脐橙修剪及保果技术

脐橙修剪及保果技术１保果永安市在脐橙保果技术上有３种方法：一是在５月上旬对１～３级枝进行环剥保果，一般可比对照增加１倍的产量，不影响树势和第２年产量。二是在５～６月间喷布１５×１０－６２，４－Ｄ１～２次，或４０×１０－６～５０×１０－６九二○两次，夏...     

几种微肥、激素对垫江白柚着果及品质的影响

本试验主要探索微肥、激素对垫江白柚着果及品质的影响,以期解决垫江白柚着果率低的问题。１材料与方法 试验于１９９９年在飞龙乡高明园艺场进行,试材为沙壤上．上生长的６年生垫江白柚。 设４个处理：①０．３％磷酸二氢钾＋ ０．４％尿素;②０．２％硼砂＋处理①：③１６７× １０－６防落素＋处理①;④２０× １０－６赤霉素＋５×１０－６　２．４－Ｄ＋处理①：⑤对照（不作任何处理）。 单株小区,重复２次,随机排列。选择有代表性的枝分别于４月２５日数花,５月２５日、７月２２日统计第一、二次生理落果情况,１１月 ２３日…     

硒在金菇菌体内的生物转化

（研究报导了液体深层培养金针菇（ＦｌａｍｍｕｌｉｎａｖｅｌｕｔｉｐｅｓＮＪ９６０１）的富硒能力和生物转化，在添加５～１２５（×１０＾－６）硒的范围内，菌丝体富硒的范围为８．２～９０．２（×１０＾－６）添加２０（×１０＾－６）时，菌丝体吸收率最高，为对照的１８４％，此时菌体生长，可溶性蛋白质，氨基酸，多糖等含量均高于对照组，无机硒经菌体吸收，代谢，转化，其有机化程度在７５％以上，分布在硒蛋白（占６４     

几种植物生长调节剂对葡萄果实大小品质的效应

对ＣＰＰＵ、ＧＡ３ＰＤＪ和Ｓ－ＡＢＡ等几中植物生长调节剂组合对葡萄果实大小和品质的影响进行了研究，结果表明：在盛花期前１０天ＧＡ３５０×１０＾－６配合盛花后１０天ＣＰＰＵ１０×１０＾－６和ＧＡ３１０×１０＾－６混合处理，增大白香蕉葡萄果穗和果粒重量的效果明显，同时增加了果实可溶性固形物含量和着色度。在盛花后１５天ＣＰＰＵ５×１０＾－６配合果实着色始期ＰＤＪ２５０×１０＾－６的处理，可明显增大藤稔葡     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.