吉林省生物质能源化的现状及发展对策

生物质是具有多种用途的重要物质资源。如何开发利用丰富的生物质资源,是我国未来能源可持续发展、经济结构调整的重要课题。本文对吉林省生物质资源状况进行了调查,对生物质的能源产业化状况进行了分析,并对生物质资源的能源化利用提出了对策。     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括植物资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木材     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括植物资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木材     

征订启事

《林产化学与工业》(双月刊)是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括植物资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质生物质资源的化学加工与利用，包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等，主要包括植物资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭，木材化学和制浆造纸，生物质原料水解，     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

正《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木材化学和制浆造纸,生物质原料水解,松脂及松     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

正《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木材化学和制浆造纸,生物质原料水解,松脂及松     

《林产化学与工业》征稿简约

正《林产化学与工业》是中国林业科学研究院林产化学工业研究所和中国林学会林产化学化工分会共同主办的学术类刊物。报道范围是可再生的木质和非木质林产品和生物质资源的化学加工与利用,包括生物质能源、生物质化学品和生物质材料等,主要包括生物质资源的热转化、热化学转化和活性炭,木材化学和制浆造纸,生物质原料水解,松脂及松     

Determinants of biomass production in hybrid willows and prediction of field performance from pot studies

Pot experiments are often performed to assess plant physiological traits and relationships among growth traits under controlled environments. However, the reliability of pot studies for predicting the growth and performance of trees in the field has rarely been rigorously assessed. We evaluated the suitability of pot experiments for predicting field performance, measured as shoot biomass production, by investigating determinants of growth in hybrid willows (Salix spp.) grown under various environmental conditions in the field, and by comparing the data with the results from a corresponding pot study. Biomass production in six hybrid willow clones, bred for use as bio-fuels, was assessed in three field trials located in central and southeastern Sweden throughout the first 3-year cutting cycle. The determinants of biomass productivity, measured as biomass allocation and nitrogen (N) economy, were identified in one of the field trials. Key traits for shoot biomass production in the field were total leaf area and total amount of N; plant N losses by shed leaves were only partly controlled by leaf-litter N concentration. These key traits were also obtained from the pot study and related to shoot biomass production and abscission-leaf N loss in the field. Total leaf area and total N pool of plants grown in pot experiments were good predictors of long-term biomass production in the field, whereas shoot biomass production, specific leaf area and tissue N concentration of pot-grown plants were less suitable as predictors of field performance. Relationships between the key traits and shoot biomass production were clone-specific, indicating the need for analysis of growth traits at the clone level if field performance of trees is to be evaluated based on data from pot studies. Nutrient loss components are important for tree performance in the long term and evaluations of nutrient loss characteristics at the individual-tree level should focus on nutrient pools lost rather than on nutrient concentrations in abscised plant parts.     

重庆市生物质能源树种资源的开发与利用

林木生物质能源是可再生能源的重要组成部分,其利用研究对于解决重庆市的能源问题和生态环境问题将会起到十分积极的作用。采用线路调查法和典型样地调查法,对重庆市生物质能源树种资源的现状进行了调查,结果发现,重庆市生物质能源树种资源丰富,但存在着分布分散、品质退化、管理粗放等问题。并针对调查中发现的问题,就重庆市生物质能源树种资源开发与利用的途径进行了探讨。     

Current Status and Prospects of Biomass Energy Industry in China

At present biomass energy industry is in its infancy in China and it has a bright future. Biomass energy production used grain as raw materials has entered industrialization phase.Some key technologies of biomass energy industry are coming to mature.China has issued relevant industrial standards laws and regulations,and has provided support in finance,loan,tax,etc.But China's biomass energy industry is faced with many problems which need to be solved.For example,taking grain as raw materials is unsustain...     

Biomass energy in industrialised countries—a view of the future

Biomass fuels currently (1994) supply around 14% of the world's energy, but most of this is in the form of traditional fuelwood, residues and dung, which is often inefficient and can be environmentally detrimental. Biomass can supply heat and electricity, liquid and gaseous fuels. A number of developed countries derive a significant amount of their primary energy from biomass: USA 4%, Finland 18%, Sweden 16% and Austria 13%. Presently biomass energy supplies at least 2 EJ year⁻¹ in Western Europe which is about 4% of primary energy (54 EJ). Estimates show a likely potential in Europe in 2050 of 9.0–13.5 EJ depending on land areas (10% of useable land, 33 Mha), yields (10–15 oven-dry tonnes (ODt) ha⁻¹), and recoverable residues (25% of harvestable). This biomass contribution represents 17–30% of projected total energy requirements up to 2050. The relative contribution of biofuels in the future will depend on markets and incentives, on continuous research and development progress, and on environmental requirements. Land constraints are not considered significant because of the predicted surpluses in land and food, and the near balance in wood and wood products in Europe.There is considerable potential for the modernisation of biomass fuels to produce convenient energy carriers such as electricity, gases and transportation fuels, whilst continuing to provide for traditional uses of biomass; this modernisation of biomass and the industrial investment is already happening in many countries. When produced in an efficient and sustainable manner, biomass energy has numerous environmental and social benefits compared with fossil fuels. These include improved land management, job creation, use of surplus agricultural land in industrialised countries, provision of modern energy carriers to rural communities of developing countries, a reduction of CO₂ levels, waste control, and nutrient recycling. Greater environmental and net energy benefits can be derived from perennial and woody energy cropping than from annual arable crops which are short-term alternative feedstocks for fuels. Agroforestry systems can play an important role in providing multiple benefits to growers and the community, besides energy. In order to ameliorate CO₂ emissions, using biomass as a substitute for fossil fuels (complete replacement, co-firing, etc.) is more beneficial from social and economic perspectives than sequestering the carbon in forests.Case studies are presented for several developed countries and the constraints involved in modernising biomass energy along with the potential for turning them into entrepreneurial opportunities are discussed. It is concluded that the long term impacts of biomass programmes and projects depend mainly on ensuring income generation, environmental sustainability, flexibility and replicability, while taking account of local conditions and providing multiple benefits, which is an important attribute of agroforestry-type systems. Biomass for energy must be environmentally acceptable in order to ensure its widespread adoptions as a modern energy source. Implementation of biomass projects requires governmental policy initiatives that will internalise the external economic, social and environmental costs of conventional fuel sources so that biomass fuels can become competitive on a ‘level playing field’.     

Forest biomass and bioenergy production and the role of CDM in Bangladesh

The use of forest biomass as a renewable energy source has received much attention as a response to climate change and the increasing global demands for energy. Local availability and conversion into secondary energy carriers with a lower capital investment shows more weights on its interests. The substitution of fossil fuel by biomass fuel can have a strong effect on the mitigation of climate change through reducing greenhouse gases, which can be an important consideration for CDM projects in Bangladesh. This study uses literature review to analyse the legal framework of carbon trading under CDM, CDM additionality, CDM and bioenergy promotion, land availability and technology for biomass production, and sustainability of CDM projects in Bangladesh. The barriers to CDM projects in Bangladesh are explained as well as measures for promoting biomass production. Biomass and bioenergy-based CDM projects can be attractive and support sustainable development in Bangladesh. The study suggests capacity building and policy changes needed in order to comply with CDM modalities. The study can be useful to the climate change mitigation and development policy makers in Bangladesh.     

我国生物质能源开发利用的现状

生物质能源是一种丰富的可再生能源,本文对我国生物质能源的开发利用现状作了简单综述,提出了生物质能源研究的主要发展方向。     

生物质能源概述

生物质能源是倍受世界各国重视的可再生能源。文中介绍了生物质能源的优越性、多种转化技术体系、类别及性能。还着重介绍了木本植物营养体中的组成成分，指出集约经营短轮伐期乔灌木能源林是发展生物质能源的基础。同时针对世界生物质能源树木遗传改良研究现状和存在的问题，提出了我国生物质能源研究的建议。     

湖北木质生物质能源研究

林木生物质能源是可再生能源的重要组成部分,其研究利用对解决湖北省能源、生态环境问题将起到十分积极的作用。本文介绍了湖北省林木生物质能源研究情况,涉及到能源树种种质资源库建设、树木果实榨取柴油、林木废弃物利用以及木纤维转化酒精等方面的研究。结合我省实际情况,提出了建议。     

不同品种泡桐制备乙醇的预处理工艺优化研究

生物质制乙醇是解决当前世界能源短缺的重要途径。当前生物质制乙醇在国内外无法大规模投入生产的主要原因是成本过高。选取优质的生物质材料和高效的预处理方法可以有效解决这一问题。以6个泡桐品种为试验材料,采用稀硫酸、氢氧化钠、微波-氢氧化钠3种方法进行预处理,对泡桐纤维素含量和酶解后还原糖产量进行测定,探讨不同预处理方法对纤维素含量和还原糖产量的影响。结果表明:以微波-氢氧化钠法预处理毛泡桐品种效果良好,处理后纤维素含量达84.82%,较预处理前提升了38.01%;半纤维素和木质素分别降低了21.23%和6.65%;还原糖产量较高,为471.38 mg/g。该研究可为生物质制乙醇高效预处理方法和优质生物质材料的选择提供参考。     

Uptake and Distribution of Radiocesium in Fast-Growing Salix viminalis L

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 led to a significant increase of radionuclide content in the eastern part of central Sweden. Radioactive cesium (Cs-134 and Cs-137) have accumulated in the soil, waters and living organisms. In agriculture, farmers are looking for alternative crops also in areas with a high radioactive content. Biomass plantations for energy are potential candidates for such soils provided the cycling of radionuclides can be controlled. Nothing IS known so far about the behaviour of cesium in energy forest production systems. The ability to take up cesium and the distribution of Cs-134 and Cs-137 within plants were investigated in a selected fast-mowing willow clone. kesium-contaminatid soil was used as substrate for apot experiment with cutting-derived plants of Salix viminalis. The total plant uptake of Cs-134 + Cs-137 was approximately 0.2% of the cesium present in the soil substrate. Almost 90% of the assimilated cesium was found allocated to the roots. The total amount of cesium in the plants increased over time.