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为探究根系修剪和接种丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对柑桔根系和植株生长的影响,以盆栽实生枳幼苗为试材,对根系修剪(切除1/2主根)和接种不同AM真菌(Diversispora versiformis、Funneliformis mosseae和Rhizoglomus intraradices)处理后植株生物量和根系形态变化进行了比较研究。结果表明,除D.versiformis外,根系修剪能显著提高F.mosseae和R.intraradices的侵染率。根系修剪降低了非菌根化植株地上部干重和植株总干重,但接种F.mosseae和R.intraradices后植株地上部干重、根系干重和植株总干重均显著增加,且接种F.mosseae的效果更好。根系修剪显著降低了植株主根长度,但三级侧根数量和一级侧根密度均显著增加,根系修剪下接种F.mosseae增加侧根数量和一级侧根密度的总体效应最优。根系修剪后接种F.mosseae和R.intraradices的植株根系表面积、投影面积和体积均显著增加,并增加了0~1.5 cm短根系的总长度。根系修剪和AM真菌对枳侧根的发生存在一定的叠加效应。 相似文献
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AM真菌和解磷真菌对低磷土壤滨梅插条生根和生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以1年生木质化滨梅枝条为供试插条,采用砂性低磷土壤为基质进行盆栽试验,分别测定了接种摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)、毛霉(Mortierella sp.)及其混合菌剂后,滨梅生根、生长、磷素营养和根系激素水平的相关指标,以研究AM真菌和解磷真菌对低磷土壤滨梅插条的促生效应。结果表明:3种菌剂接种后滨梅根系吲哚乙酸(IAA)和玉米素(Zeatin)的水平极显著高于对照(P0.01);插条的含磷量、土壤有效磷含量及滨梅插条根际土壤磷酸酶活性极显著高于对照(P0.01),植物的生根率、最长初生根的长度、根干重、地上部分干重、株高以及总叶面积等生根和生长指标显著优于对照(P0.05);AM真菌侵染率以混合菌剂接种最高,且对于滨梅插条磷素营养的改善和生根、生长的促进效应最为显著。研究表明,接种的3种菌剂改变了插条根系的激素代谢,强化了低磷土壤上滨梅插条的磷素营养,促进了插条的生根和植株生长;G.mosseae菌剂和Mortierella sp.菌剂的复合接种,对低磷土壤滨梅插条磷素营养的改善和生根、生长具有明显的互作效应。 相似文献
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在温室条件下分别接种摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、透光球囊霉Glomus diaphanum和幼套球囊霉Glomus etunicatum,来观察盐胁迫下滨梅的生长反应.结果表明,接种了AM真菌的滨梅与对照相比,显著增加了滨梅幼苗的生长.接种了摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉的滨梅幼苗所含的干物质总量分别高出对照51.1%和49.5%,总叶面积分别高出对照36.4%和34.5%.NaCl胁迫下接种AM真菌的滨梅幼苗叶中所有养分含量除铁外都表现出相互作用,方差分析结果差异显著;摩西球囊霉和幼套球囊霉在提高滨梅苗的抗盐能力上比透光球囊霉更有效.试验结果表明,接种特定的AM真菌能够缓解土壤盐胁迫对滨梅的伤害. 相似文献
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枳实生苗抗旱丛枝菌根真菌菌种比较的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
盆栽条件下研究丛枝菌根真菌Glomus versiforme、G. mosseae、G. geosporum、G. diaphanum 和G. etunicatum 对正常水分和水分胁迫下的枳实生苗水分代谢的影响。结果表明, 在正常水分和水分胁迫下接种丛枝菌根真菌都明显增加植株的生长, 提高叶片可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉、可溶性蛋白质以及根系可溶性糖的含量。叶片超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶活性增强, 从而提高了植株的抗旱性。正常水分下以接种G. versiforme的效果最好, 水分胁迫下以接种G. mosseae的效果最好。 相似文献
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以泰国无筋地豆为试材,在温室盆栽的条件下,分别单接种丛枝菌根真菌(AM)、单接种根瘤菌(RH)、双接种丛枝菌根真菌和根瘤菌(AM+RH),以不接种为对照(CK),研究不同接种方式对菜豆植株生长、结瘤、单株总荚质量、AM菌根侵染率、植株氮磷含量及吸收量、单株黄叶率等的影响。结果表明:双接种AM+RH能显著促进菜豆植株的生长,植株总干质量比单接种AM、单接种RH和CK分别增加34.3%、82.3%和57.9%;双接种AM+RH可提高菜豆单株总荚质量,促进菜豆植株对氮、磷元素的吸收,全株吸磷量比单接AM、单接RH和CK分别增加42.1%、314.8%和325.4%,全株吸氮量比单接种AM、单接种RH和CK分别增加36.8%、45.1%和43.4%;AM真菌与RH具有协同促进的作用,且AM真菌能有效提高菜豆的抗性,减少叶片变黄的比率,减轻了病害为害程度。 相似文献
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M.O.A. Fawusi 《Scientia Horticulturae》1978,9(4):329-335
Studies on the influence of seed-bed condition on the emergence and development of pepper seedlings (Capsicum frutescens L.) revealed that seed-bed compaction delayed and reduced seedling emergence. High nutrient and organic matter content accentuated the severity of soil compaction, regardless of whether the soil moisture was low or high. Influence of compaction was less on “dry” poor soil. Best seedling emergence was obtained from “moist” crumbly “rich” soil. However, “moist” crumbly “poor” soil, moist compacted poor soil, “dry” crumbly rich soil and “dry” crumbly poor soil also gave very high seedling emergence. The dry compacted rich soil gave the poorest cumulative emergence figures. High soil moisture regime and high nutrient content reduced the severity of soil compaction on seedling root and shoot development. Soil compaction also caused abnormal hypocotyl morphology in seedlings that germinated but failed to emerge. 相似文献
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Nobuhito Mitani Shozo Kobayashi Yoko Nishizawa Takeshi Kuniga Ryoji Matsumoto 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
RCC2, cDNA clone encoding rice class-I chitinase, was introduced into trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata Raf.). Chitinase activity of the transformed plants was higher than that of the non-transformed plants. The introduced gene was not detected in the scions grafted onto the transformed plants. The effect of the introduction of foreign gene into rootstocks on the scions was discussed. 相似文献
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Differences of hyphal and soil phosphatase activities between mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were less studied under drought-stressed (DS) conditions. In a pot experiment, fungal alkaline phosphatase (FALP), and succinate dehydrogenase (FSDH), soil phosphatase activity, both soil and plant P contents were compared in 6.5-month-old trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings under 80 days of DS with or without inoculations by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomus diaphanum, Glomus mosseae or Glomus versiforme). Plant growth and biomass production under DS were significantly higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Both the FALP and the FSDH activities under DS were significantly reduced in these three Glomus inoculated seedlings. In general, similar soil neutral and alkaline phosphatase activities, but significantly higher soil acid and total phosphatase activities, were exhibited in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal seedlings under both the well-watered (WW) and the DS. Both leaf and root P contents were significantly higher in the AM colonized seedlings, but soil available P contents were lower in the growth media with AM seedlings. Our results showed that higher hyphal enzymes’ activities, soil acid and total phosphatase activities, and plant P contents in AM colonized seedlings, particularly in Glomus mosseae-colonized seedlings and/or under DS, would result in a better growth of the host plants, which might be the basis for enhancing drought tolerance in plants. 相似文献
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《中国瓜菜》2015,(5):37-40
为研发适合西瓜集约化育苗的基质,减少传统不可再生基质的使用,选择食用菌生产废弃的香菇和平菇菌糠作为中果型西瓜‘日本777’的育苗基质,与常规使用的商品基质和农家粪基质进行应用效果比较。结果表明:在西瓜苗期阶段,香菇和平菇菌糠基质较商品基质和农家粪基质在根鲜质量、植株高度、茎粗度、叶面积方面都有较大程度的增加;但定植后西瓜各生育期植株长势差异较小。在果实品质性状方面,香菇和平菇菌糠处理的中心可溶性固形物分别达到11.75%、11.68%,高于商品基质和农家粪处理,在667 m2产量上,香菇、平菇菌糠同样领先,分别达到了4 831.25、4 753.49 kg,但经统计分析在5%水平上都没有形成显著差异。综上所述,香菇和平菇菌糠适合作为中果型西瓜育苗基质,成本低又环保,且苗期阶段有利于促进植株生长。 相似文献
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Ten strains of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. and 6 trifoliate orange hybrids were evaluated for resistance to root rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae B. de Haan var. parasitica (Dast.) Waterh. A high degree of resistance was shown by Rubidoux trifoliate and Trifoliate orange (Srirampur). Trifoliate orange hybrids, in general, were less resistant than P. trifoliata strains. The usefulness of different parameters in the assessment of root damage are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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钾、镁相互作用对龙眼幼苗生长的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在酸性土壤中进行了龙眼幼苗钾、镁肥不同施用量的盆栽试验,结果表明,钾与镁均显著影响龙眼幼苗的生长,且钾、镁之间存在明显的交互作用;当钾肥与镁肥的施用比例为2:1时,能获得龙眼幼苗的最高生物量,由此得出龙眼叶片K/Mg的适宜比值为2.43。 相似文献
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SummarySeasonal patterns of fruit development of young and mature `Bellamy' navel orange trees were measured from mid November to late July. Growth of whole fruit, expressed as fresh or dry weight, was best described by a fourparameter logistic curve (R2>0.99). The fresh weight growth curves of fruit from young and mature trees were not significantly different. Dry weights and fresh weights were linearly correlated (R2>0.99). The relationship between relative growth rate (RGR) of whole fruit and time was best described by two linear regressions (R2>0.98, 0.92, respectively). The two linear phases of RGR did not correspond to ontogenic phases of fruit development as described by Bain (1958). Increases in whole fruit and pulp radii, and whole fruit, pulp, rind and albedo volume during fruit development followed single sigmoidal patterns (four parameter logistic function, R2 >0.99). Relative changes in the volume of the structural parts of the fruit were small during Stage III of fruit development. Diurnal variations in growth and rind temperature of fruit from young (under continuous irrigation) and mature (under weekly irrigation) `Leng' navel orange trees were recorded during Stage II of fruit development. Inelastic growth measured by LVDTs was described better by diurnal diameter means (max 1 min)/2 than diurnal maxima or minima. Diurnal diameter means of fruit from young trees showed a significant (R2 = 0.42, P<0.0001) relationship to daily ambient temperature maxima, and the diurnal growth profiles paralleled the diurnal temperature profiles of the rind. In contrast, the diurnal growth rhythms of fruit from mature trees were insensitive to ambient temperature maxima and the diurnal rhythms appeared to reflect the water status of the tree. 相似文献