我国的长蠹科昆虫记述

长蠹科（Ｂｏｓｔｒｉｃｈｉｄａｅ）昆虫是一类经济意义很大的钻蛀性害虫，它主要对树木、木材、竹材、藤材及其制成品乃至粮食、电缆的外包皮等均有很严重的危害。本文对在我国分布的长蠹科共计１８属３９个种和一个变种的分布和寄主情况进行了报道     

检疫截获的长蠹科害虫

长蠹科害虫隶属鞘翅目,长蠹总科,其食性复杂,钻蛀力强,具有很大的破坏性,无论是木材、藤枝、竹枝及其制品以及树木、经济作物、粮食及楼宇结构等均遭其害.     

进口非洲木材截获的长蠹科害虫

长蠹科害虫通常在热带和亚热带发生 ,从地理上分析 ,长蠹主要分布于东南亚、南美和非洲等地。近年来 ,由于东南亚木材资源逐年锐减 ,大多数原木转向欧洲和非洲进口。而非洲是长蠹的重要发生地 ,许多原木和板材通常受害严重 ,造成很大的经济损失。由于国内对非洲木材发生的长蠹研究和资料报道甚少 ,有必要对进口非洲木材传带长蠹进行研究。1　现场检疫1 .1　原木　深圳口岸从非洲进口原木 ,主要用于制作夹板和家具用 ,以阔叶树种为主。长蠹科害虫危害原木主要钻蛀木质部 ,喜欢在比较干燥的木材上发生 ,成虫羽化后需要大量补充营养 ,因此 ,弃…     

我国葡萄钻蛀害虫——3种长蠹的识别鉴定

截至目前我国葡萄上已报道2种长蠹:双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon anale Lesne,1897)和日本双棘长蠹(Sinoxylon japonicum Lesne,1895)。2011年又在张家口怀来县葡萄上发现了洁长棒长蠹(Xylothrips cathai-cus Reichardt,1966),这是洁长棒长蠹首次在葡萄上发现。本文对这3种长蠹进行了形态描述,提供了形态特征照片和检索表。研究证明葡萄双棘长蠹是双棘长蠹的别称,且葡萄双棘长蠹使用的学名Sinoxylonviticonus L. Hang为无效学名。     

林业小蠹类昆虫在中国的适生性分析综合比较研究

小蠹类昆虫是重要的林业害虫类群,严重威胁我国的林业生产和生态安全,具有重要的经济意义。综合比较中国林业小蠹类昆虫的适生性分析方法,有助于把握林业小蠹类昆虫物种分布模型的研究动向。该文归纳整理中国林业小蠹类昆虫的适生性分析文献,统计文献所使用的模型、适生性等级划分标准以及文献来源等信息,并对小蠹类昆虫适生性分析未来发展进行展望,以期为林业有害生物防控提供参考。     

瘿蚊科3种昆虫核糖体DNA的克隆及序列分析

瘿蚊科是双翅目昆虫中的重要类群?本研究对瘿蚊科3种昆虫—麦红吸浆虫?菊花瘿蚊和食蚜瘿蚊的核糖体DNA进行PCR扩增?克隆?测序及序列分析, 并对ITS-1在麦红吸浆虫4个地理种群中的遗传变异情况进行分析?结果表明, 从3种昆虫中获得的核糖体DNA序列包括:部分的18S rDNA(44 bp)?28S rDNA(37 bp), 全部的ITS-1(487~535 bp), 5.8S rDNA(121 bp)及ITS-2(336~352 bp)序列?3种昆虫ITS序列的碱基差异百分比在17.21%~29.59%之间, 共含有206个变异位点?ITS-1序列在麦红吸浆虫4个地理种群中比较保守, 只有4个变异位点, 单倍型多样性为0.311 7~0.796 5, 核苷酸多样性为0.000 6~0.002 2?本研究为今后瘿蚊科昆虫的分类鉴定?系统发育和遗传进化等相关研究提供了基础?     

基于线粒体COⅠ基因的DNA条形码技术在昆虫分子鉴定中的应用

本文对基于线粒体COⅠ基因的DNA条形码技术在昆虫分子鉴定中的应用进行了综述,对DNA条形码的意义、DNA条形码的原理、线粒体COⅠ基因的特点、DNA条形码的操作、DNA条形码技术在昆虫分子鉴定中的应用研究进展、DNA条形码的发展趋势以及有关DNA条形码的争论进行了介绍.     

Long-term persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) in wheat

A laboratory study was undertaken to determine the persistence and efficacy of spinosad against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in wheat stored for 9 months at 30 degrees C and 55 and 70% relative humidity. The aim was to investigate the potential of spinosad for protecting wheat from R. dominica during long-term storage in warm climates. Wheat was treated with spinosad at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg kg(-1) grain and sampled after 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 7.5 and 9 months of storage for bioassays and residue analyses. Residues were estimated to have declined by 30% during 9 months of storage at 30 degrees C and there was no effect of relative humidity. Spinosad applied at 0.5 or 1 mg kg(-1) was completely effective for 9 months, with 100% adult mortality after 14 days of exposure and no live F1 adults produced. Adult mortality was <100% in some samples of wheat treated with 0.1 mg kg(-1) of spinosad, and live progeny were produced in all samples treated at this level. The results show that spinosad is likely to be an effective grain protectant against R. dominica in wheat stored in warm climates.     

线粒体COI基因作为根结线虫条形码的适用性分析

为评估线粒体COI基因作为根结线虫(Meloidogyne spp.)DNA条形码的适用性,对收集的25个根结线虫群体的线粒体COI基因进行扩增、测序,检测其扩增和测序成功率。将测序获得的COI基因序列与Q-bank中下载的根结线虫COI基因序列共同进行比对分析,利用MEGA 6.0计算种内、种间遗传距离进行"Barcoding Gap"检验以及构建NJ系统进化树作聚类分析,检验COI基因对根结线虫的物种识别能力。结果表明:线粒体COI基因扩增和测序成功率极高,扩增成功率达96%,测序成功率为100%。种间平均遗传距离为0.126,远远超过种内平均遗传距离0.002的10倍,种内遗传距离与种间遗传距离存在明显的"Barcoding Gap"间隔区。系统发育分析显示,COI基因可有效分辨出本研究15种根结线虫中的10种,物种识别率约为67%。线粒体COI基因具有极高的扩增和测序成功率、较高的物种识别能力,且扩增片段长度适宜,符合物种鉴定DNA条形码基因的标准,可作为根结线虫候选条形码基因。     

Comparison of the seasonal occurrence and behavior of seven pine bark beetles (Coleoptera: scolytidae) in Israel

The seasonal occurrence, behavior and gallery system of seven sympatric pine bark beetles were examined at two sites, using trap-logs and trap-trees ofPinus halepensis. Two groups of beetles were recognized:(a) Tomicus destruens, Hylurgus micklitzi andHylastes linearis, which are monogamous, univoltine, breed during the winter and early spring, and prefer the lower section of the tree;H. micklitzi andH. linearis tend to infest the main root system,(b) Orthotomicus erosus, Pityogenes calcaratus, Carphoborus minimus andCrypturgus mediterraneus, which are polygamous, multivoltine, and breed from spring to autumn.O. erosus usually infests the lower stem sections,P. calcaratus occupies the thin smooth bark aboveO. erosus, andC. minimus develops on the top stem.Cr. mediterraneus lives in the mines and egg tunnels of the other species and uses their gallery entrance holes. Occupation of different stem sections by the beetles, and beetle damage as related to tree age are discussed.     

茶园茶黄蓟马及其近似种的DNA条形码鉴定

基于 mtDNA COI 基因的 DNA 条形码技术是一种新的物种鉴定手段,本文尝试应用该技术对6个不同地理种群的茶黄蓟马与茶园中的其他4种常见蓟马进行了鉴别。测定各种类 mtDNA COI 基因序列并在 BOLD 系统进行比对,采用 MEGA5构建系统进化树,结果表明基于 mtDNACOI 基因的DNA 条形码技术可实现对茶园中茶黄蓟马的快速鉴定。     

美国松木上4种长角天牛的检疫鉴定

本文记述了深圳口岸2016年从进境美国松木中截获的4种长角天牛,对其形态特征及分布和寄主进行了详细描述并编制了相应的检索表,可为口岸木材检疫提供参考。     

Detection and characterisation of strong resistance to phosphine in Brazilian Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)

As failure to control Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) with phosphine is a common problem in the grain-growing regions of Brazil, a study was undertaken to investigate the frequency, distribution and strength of phosphine resistance in R. dominica in Brazil. Nineteen samples of R. dominica were collected between 1991 and 2003 from central storages where phosphine fumigation had failed to control this species. Insects were cultured without selection until testing in 2005. Each sample was tested for resistance to phosphine on the basis of the response of adults to discriminating concentrations of phosphine (20 and 48 h exposures) and full dose-response assays (48 h exposure). Responses of the Brazilian R. dominica samples were compared with reference susceptible, weak-resistance and strong-resistance strains from Australia in parallel assays. All Brazilian population samples showed resistance to phosphine: five were diagnosed with weak resistance and 14 with strong resistance. Five samples showed levels of resistance similar to the reference strong-resistance strain. A representative highly resistant sample was characterised by exposing mixed-age cultures to a range of constant concentrations of phosphine for various exposure periods. Time to population extinction (TPE) and time to 99.9% suppression of population (LT(99.9)) values of this sample were generally similar to those of the reference strong-resistance strain. For example, at 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg L(-1), LT(99.9) values for BR33 and the reference strong-resistance strain were respectively 21, 6.4 and 3.7 days and 17, 6.2 and 3.8 days. With both strains, doubling phosphine concentrations to 2 mg L(-1) resulted in increased LT(99.9) and TPE. High level and frequency of resistance in all population samples, some of which had been cultured without selection for up to 12 years, suggest little or no fitness deficit associated with phosphine resistance. The present research indicates that widespread phosphine resistance may be developing in Brazil. Fumigation practices should be monitored and resistance management plans implemented to alleviate further resistance development.     

Effect of exposure period on degree of dominance of phosphine resistance in adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Degree of dominance of phosphine resistance was investigated in adults of Rhyzopertha dominica F and Sitophilus oryzae L. Efficacy of the grain fumigant phosphine depends on both concentration and exposure period, which raises the possibility that dominance levels vary with exposure period. New and published data were used to test this possibility in adults of R dominica and S oryzae fumigated for periods of up to 144 h. The concentrations required for control of homozygous resistant and susceptible strains and their F1 hybrids decreased with increasing exposure period. For both species the response lines for the homozygous resistant and susceptible strains and their F1 hybrids were parallel. Therefore, neither dominance level nor resistance factor was affected by exposure period. Resistance was incompletely recessive and the level of dominance, calculated at 50% mortality level, was -0.59 for R dominica and -0.65 for S oryzae. The resistant R dominica strain was 30.9 times more resistant than the susceptible strain, compared with 8.9 times for the resistant S oryzae strain. The results suggest that developing discriminating doses for detecting heterozygote adults of either species will be difficult.     

The phylogeny of marine and freshwater species of the genus Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences

The small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) of two freshwater and one marine species of the genus Chloromyxum Mingazzini, 1890 were sequenced. The SSU rDNA trees obtained show the phylogenetic position of the marine species Chloromyxum leydigi Mingazzini, 1890 to be at the base of the freshwater clade, being well supported by a high bootstrap value. Chloromyxum cyprini Fujita, 1927 is closely related to Chloromyxum truttae Léger, 1906 and they represent a sister branch to raabeia sp., Myxidium sp. and Myxidium truttae Léger, 1930. Chloromyxum legeri Tourraine, 1931 is in a position ancestral to Myxidium lieberkuehni Bútschli, 1882 and Sphaerospora oncorhynchi Kent, Whitaker et Margolis, 1993. Three newly sequenced species of the genus Chloromyxum represent three separate lineages within the myxosporean tree and do not support the monophyly of this genus.