Characterization and molecular cloning of a human parvovirus genome

The genome of the small human virus serologically associated with erythrocyte aplasia and erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) is shown to be a linear, nonpermuted, single-stranded DNA molecule with self-priming hairpin termini, properties which are characteristic of the genomes of the family Parvoviridae. This human parvovirus chromosome was molecularly cloned into bacterial plasmid vectors and the cloned DNA was used to explore its relatedness to other mammalian parvovirus serotypes by DNA:DNA hybridization. It is not related to the human adeno-associated viruses but does show a distant evolutionary relationship to genomes of the helper-independent parvoviruses of rodents. This strongly suggests that it is an autonomous parvovirus, and as such is the first example of a member of this group of common animal pathogens to cause disease in man.     

犬传染性肝炎与细小病毒混合感染病例的诊疗

[目的]提高犬传染性肝炎和细小病毒混合感染诊断的准确性和治疗效果。[方法]通过对犬传染性肝炎和细小病毒混合感染的发病过程、临床症状、病理变化、诊断结果、治疗效果及疾病转归进行分析,获得了犬传染性肝炎和细小病毒混合感染的诊断方法和治疗心得。[结果]犬传染性肝炎和细小病毒混合感染多由母体带毒使幼犬通过哺乳而感染或长期饲喂霉败变质的饲料而造成。根据发病情况、临床症状及继往病史进行初步诊断后,再进行超声诊断。对于比较轻微的肝炎,应以细小病毒的辅助治疗为主,在病毒基本控制后,进行肝炎后期症状的治疗和护理。[结论]输液疗法是治疗犬传染性肝炎和细小病毒混合感染的最有效手段,但要严格控制输液速度。     

Human rotavirus type 2: cultivation in vitro

A strain of type 2 human rotavirus (Wa) was grown to relatively high titer through 14 passages in primary cultures of African green monkey kidney (AGMK) cells. This passage series was initiated with virus that had been passaged 11 times serially in newborn gnotobiotic piglets. In contrast, virus present in the stool of patient Wa as well as virus from the first, second, or third passage in piglets could not be propagated successfully in African green monkey kidney cells. Prior to each passage in cell culture, the virus was treated with trypsin and the inoculated cultures were centrifuged at low speed. Cultivation of a type 2 human rotavirus should aid attempts to characterize this virus and to develop a means of immunoprophylaxis for a serious diarrheal disease of human infants.     

鹅细小病毒于番鸭成纤维细胞上的适应性研究

为进一步了解鹅细小病毒（GPV）在番鸭成纤维细胞（MDEF）上的适应性及病毒增殖情况,将GPV在MDEF上连续传12代培养,通过PCR、免疫荧光、流式细胞等方法分析其生物学特性。PCR检测结果显示,扩增到大小为734bp的非结构蛋白基因片段,将10倍梯度稀释的病毒悬液接种细胞培养65h后,10-6倍接种的细胞仍能检测到病毒核酸。免疫荧光检测显示,兔抗GPV阳性血清能对染毒的病灶产生特异性荧光染色。流式细胞试验结果进一步证实,GPV在MDEF上增殖速度比较慢,病毒的感染会造成MDEF的早期凋亡。说明该GPV株感染MDEF后虽未产生细胞病变,但病毒能在MDEF中增殖,为GPV开展细胞依赖性相关研究奠定基础。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

【目的】实现快速、准确地对猪脑心肌炎进行临床诊断和病原学检测。【方法】根据GenBank中已发表的猪脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV）3D基因序列设计合成1对特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立了EMCV一步法RT-PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行验证。【结果】一步法RT-PCR可以从EMCVB JC3株中扩增出与试验设计相符的286bp特异性片段,而对猪口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、BHK-21正常细胞的扩增结果均为阴性;对EMCVBJC3株细胞毒的敏感度达到2TCID50;对10份EMCVB JC3株细胞毒进行重复性检测,结果均一致;对207份临床疑似发病猪的病料进行检测,其阳性检出率为9.18%。【结论】所建立的EMCV一步法RT-PCR检测方法具有特异、灵敏、高效、快速等特点,可用于EMCV的临床检测及流行病学调查。     

猪脑心肌炎病毒一步法RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

【目的】实现快速、准确地对猪脑心肌炎进行临床诊断和病原学检测。【方法】根据GenBank中已发表的猪脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV） 3D基因序列设计合成1对特异性引物,优化反应条件,建立了EMCV一步法RT-PCR检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行验证。【结果】一步法RT-PCR可以从EMCV BJC3株中扩增出与试验设计相符的286 bp特异性片段,而对猪口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、BHK-21正常细胞的扩增结果均为阴性;对EMCV BJC3株细胞毒的敏感度达到2 TCID50;对10份EMCV BJC3株细胞毒进行重复性检测,结果均一致;对207份临床疑似发病猪的病料进行检测,其阳性检出率为9.18%。【结论】所建立的EMCV一步法RT-PCR检测方法具有特异、灵敏、高效、快速等特点,可用于EMCV的临床检测及流行病学调查。     

水貂肠炎病毒B株全基因克隆与序列分析

将水貂肠炎病毒基因组分4个重叠片段进行PCR扩增,并将产物克隆到pMD18-T载体中,测定基因组近全长序列。其中编码水貂肠炎病毒非结构蛋白基因(NS1基因)全长为2 007 bp,编码668个氨基酸;编码结构蛋白基因(VP2基因)全长为1 755 bp,编码584个氨基酸。序列分析结果表明:水貂肠炎病毒B株与犬细小病毒、猫泛白细胞减少症病毒NS1序列之间的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为98.8%～99.2%和98.8%～99.2%,与其他细小病毒毒株VP2序列之间的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为98.5%～99.8%和97.8%～99.5%,与MEVantigenic type 2株在亲缘上有着最密切关系。     

鸭病毒性肝炎病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

根据GenBank中Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(DHV-Ⅰ)的基因序列设计、合成引物,以山东、江苏、广东等地分离株的RNA为模板进行RT-PCR扩增,得到预期大小的目的片段.将山东分离株扩增的目的片段克隆到pGM-T载体,酶切鉴定得到阳性重组质粒.对重组质粒进行序列测定,与参考毒株R85952的序列比较发现,山东分离株与参考序列的同源性为974%.试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法最低模板检出量为100 pg,且该方法只能特异地检测出DHV,不能检出鸭瘟病毒、小鹅瘟病毒、鹅副粘病毒和番鸭细小病毒等.自然感染病料的检测分离结果表明,该方法既可用于DHV-Ⅰ分离株的快速鉴定,也可用于临床感染病例的检测与诊断.     

猪病毒性繁殖障碍病低密度基因芯片诊断方法的建立

应用PCR(或RT-PCR)分别扩增猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪细小病毒、猪圆环病毒-2型、日本乙型脑炎病毒和猪瘟病毒的一段保守序列,克隆到pMD 18-T Simple Vector构建重组质粒,用于制备各病毒的探针。将各探针按一定的阵列点加到硝酸纤维素膜上并加以固定,制备成低密度检测基因芯片。在多重PCR扩增过程中用生物素标记的dUTP(Bio-11-dUTP)对待检样品进行标记,扩增产物与芯片杂交,用扫描仪对杂交结果进行扫描分析。经对68份样品检测结果证明,该方法可以同时检测待检样品中上述6种病毒核酸的存在情况,与PCR方法相比,显示了较高的灵敏度。该方法的建立,为大批量快速诊断、普查猪病毒性繁殖障碍疫病提供了保证。     

温州地区犬细小病毒病门诊的流行病学调查

 为掌握温州地区犬细小病毒病的流行病学情况,对2011年10月至2012年9月在温州科技职业学院附属宠物医院就诊的578份病例进行流行病学调查。结果表明: 检测出温州地区犬细小病毒感染阳性病例113份,感染率为196%;感染犬以3～12月龄犬为主;未免疫犬感染率最高,达到848%;纯种犬的感染率也是最高,达到841%;温州地区犬细小病毒感染一年四季均可发生,但多发于春秋两季;通常采用早期血清、单抗治疗和疫苗接种为主的综合治疗方法,才能提高治疗效果,降低死亡率。     

PPV_(S-1)A株保存期研究及免疫原性测定

为了确保疫苗质量,保证生产用种毒的稳定性,将猪细小病毒PPVS-1A株的干毒和湿毒分别在-20℃和-70℃保存,每12个月取样一次,分别进行病毒含量测定、红细胞凝集价测定、乳鼠安全试验和豚鼠抗体检测。结果病毒含量均大于107.25;红细胞凝集价为1∶1024;乳鼠接种未见不良反应;豚鼠抗体检测HI均不低于1∶32。确定猪细小病毒PPVS-1A株湿毒在-20℃的保存期为24个月,在-70℃的保存期为48个月;猪细小病毒PPVS-1A株冻干毒在-20℃的保存期为36个月,在-70℃的保存期为60个月。猪细小病毒PPVS-1A株毒保存期长,具有良好的安全性和免疫效力。     

Infection of normal human epithelial cells by Epstein-Barr virus

Primary cultures of epithelial cells were grown from the tonsils and adenoids of patients with diseases not related to Epstein-Barr virus. The cells could not be infected by Epstein-Barr virus. Fluorescein-labeled Epstein-Barr virus and a cytofluorograph were then used to show that the epithelial cells do not have detectable receptors for the virus. However, implantation with Epstein-Barr virus receptors gave the cells the ability to bind the labeled virus. One to 5 percent of receptor-implanted cells exposed to the transforming B95-8 substrain of the virus expressed Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen. The early and viral capsid Epstein-Barr virus-determined antigens were not detected in the virus-infected cultures. The results show that normal human epithelial cells from the nasopharynx become susceptible to infection by Epstein-Barr virus when the membrane barrier resulting from the lack of viral receptors is overcome by receptor implantation.     

ST细胞的鉴定及种子细胞库的建立

为确保疫苗生产的的安全性,对不同代次的ST细胞进行鉴定。从中国兽医药品监察所引进第40代的ST细胞,传至80代,每个代次各冻存3瓶于液氮中。细胞复苏后,对细胞的特征、纯净度、核型、致瘤性及对细胞的毒性进行了研究。结果表明,ST细胞系呈现梭状上皮细胞,生长状态良好,细胞的生长速度基本一致;细菌、霉菌、支原体、外源病毒的检测均为阴性;染色体数目为19对且核型相同;无致瘤性;对豚鼠和兔子无毒性;病毒在ST细胞系中稳定地繁殖,TCID50≥107.00,HI≥1∶32。建立ST细胞的种子细胞库,为开展猪细小病毒疫苗的生产提供安全保障,也为猪伪狂犬病疫苗及猪细小病毒弱毒苗的研究提供基础理论依据。     

Gene for T-cell growth factor: location on human chromosome 4q and feline chromosome B1

T-cell growth factor (TCGF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), an immunoregulatory lymphokine, is produced by lectin- or antigen-activated mature T lymphocytes and in a constitutive manner by certain T-cell lymphoma cell lines. By means of a molecular clone of human TCGF and DNA extracted from a panel of somatic cell hybrids (rodent cells X normal human lymphocytes), the TCGF structural gene was identified on human chromosome 4. In situ hybridization of the TCGF clone to human chromosomes resulted in significant labeling of the midportion of the long arm of chromosome 4, indicating that the TCGF gene was located at band q26-28. Genomic DNA from a panel of hybrids prepared with HUT-102 B2 cells was examined with the same molecular clone. In this clone of cells, which produces human T-cell leukemia virus, the TCGF gene was also located on chromosome 4 and was apparently not rearranged. The homologous TCGF locus in the domestic cat was assigned to chromosome B1 by using a somatic cell hybrid panel that segregates cat chromosomes. Linkage studies as well as high-resolution G-trypsin banding indicate that this feline chromosome is partially homologous to human chromosome 4.     

长沙9个犬细小病毒毒株的分离与鉴定

从感染犬细小病毒(CPV)的长沙病犬粪便中分离CPV,采用同步接毒方式,将病毒悬液接种到猫肾细胞(F81),经PCR鉴定,从10份阳性样品中分离到9株CPV,血凝试验显示9株CPV均能凝集猪红细胞,血凝价均超过了27。为进一步分析CPV长沙毒株的VP2分子生物学特征及抗原变异规律,对9个CPV毒株的VP2基因进行克隆、测序及序列分析,结果表明:CPV长沙毒株与全国及世界各地CPV毒株相比,其VP2基因序列同源性超过97%,其VP2基因推导的氨基酸序列同源性超过94%;其VP2基因推导的氨基酸序列有独特的变异,且有独特变异的毒株在基因进化树上处于同一个分支。     

猪细小病毒X株在不同细胞上增殖效果比较

为选择猪细小病毒X株增殖的细胞系,对猪细小病毒X株在ST、PK-15、CEF、Vero细胞系上增殖情况进行比较,观察病变时间和病变情况,并分别测定其TCID50和血凝价。结果表明,猪细小病毒X株在这4种细胞上都能产生细胞病变,在ST、PK-15、CEF、Vero细胞上最先开始出现病变的时间分别为24、36、72和48 h,测其在以上4种细胞上的TCID50分别为10-6.4/0.1 mL、10-5.8/0.1 mL、10-2.1/0.1 mL和10-3.2/0.1 mL,HA分别为1 210、1 28、1 23、1 25,因此,建议选用ST细胞作为猪细小病毒X株的增殖细胞系。     

Vesicular stomatitis virus replication in human leukocyte cultures: enhancement by phytohemagglutinin

The replication of vesicular stomatitis virus in human leukocyte cultures shows that virus yields can be enhanced 6-to 180-fold by treating the leukocyte cultures with phytohemagglutinin prior to virus inoculation. Data suggest that a substance is produced in phytohemagglutinin-treated leukocyte cultures which is capable, on transfer to fresh leukocytes, of inducing blast cell formation and enhancing virus replication.     

应用套式PCR在MDCK细胞系中发现犬细小病毒

本研究自１９９７年至１９９９年从国内部分大学实验室、卫生防疫站和动检局陆续收集１１个犬肾（ＭＤＣＫ）细胞系样品,选取犬细小病毒基因组的ＶＰ２基因上４段核苷酸序列作引物,对样品ＤＮＡ进行套式ＰＣＲ（Ｎｅｓｔｅｄ ＰＣＲ）检测;ＰＣＲ扩增产物经０．０１ｇ／ｍＬ琼脂糖凝胶电泳和克隆到ｐＧＥＭ＾－Ｔ载体并进行核苷酸序列测序鉴定后,发现我国ＭＤＣＫ细胞系中存在犬细小病毒的传代病毒株。该病毒基因组部分序列测定结果显示与犬细小病毒ＣＰＶ－Ｎ株有９１％同源性。     

非洲猪瘟实时荧光RPA诊断方法建立及应用

[目的]非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)自2018年首次暴发于我国沈阳后,迅速扩散至全国,对我国养猪业造成了沉重打击.研究针对其病原非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)建立一种快速核酸检测技术,为及时发现、准确处理ASF疫情提供一种快速诊断方法.[方法]...