番茄砧木材料的筛选与青枯病抗性鉴定

通过广泛收集番茄品种资源,在番茄青枯病区进行自然筛选,采用系统育种方法获得多份6代以上稳定的相对抗青枯病的自交系材料。将其中8份材料进行青枯病菌接种试验,筛选出5份高抗番茄青枯病材料。将筛选出的5份材料在青枯病重灾区作重复对比试验,并与3个不同的接穗品种进行嫁接试验,进一步确定其高抗青枯病特性以及较强的嫁接亲和性与共生性。多项试验证明,筛选的5份材料完全可以作为番茄砧木材料或品种进一步研究利用或推广使用。     

抗青枯病番茄嫁接砧木的筛选

比较了24个番茄嫁接砧木材料的成活率、青枯病发病率、产量、果实性状、品质。试验结果表明,东西方、亲农、勇士3个砧木能有效地控制番茄青枯病的发生,增产率可达18.98%以上,且对番茄品质无不良影响,可选用东西方、亲农、勇士3个品种作为番茄高产、抗病栽培的嫁接砧木。     

不同番茄砧木苗期青枯病抗性鉴定及嫁接后对产量和品质的影响

对中研红2号番茄和7个番茄砧木品种进行苗期青枯病抗性鉴定,并将7个砧木品种与中研红2号接穗品种进行嫁接栽培比较试验,以中研红2号自嫁苗为对照,研究不同砧木嫁接对番茄的田间生长势、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,中研红2号番茄幼苗对青枯病表现高感,不同砧木品种的青枯病抗性存在差异;7种砧木嫁接后的番茄产量相比于中研红2号自嫁苗均显著增加,在生长势、品质方面同自嫁苗无显著差异。综合来看,桂砧1号砧木对番茄青枯病的抗性较好,嫁接后产量较高,对番茄品质影响较小。     

实例1防治番茄青枯病最根本的方法--嫁接育苗

青枯病是一种土壤传播性病害,青枯病菌在土壤中可存活14个月,甚至6～7年,该病目前尚没有抗病品种和有效的药剂,利用番茄高抗砧木品种进行嫁接育苗是防治番茄青枯病最行之有效的方法.     

防治番茄青枯病最根本的方法——嫁接育苗

青枯病是一种土壤传播性病害，青枯病菌在土壤中可存活14个月，甚至6～7年，该病目前尚没有抗病品种和有效的药剂，利用番茄高抗砧木品种进行嫁接育苗是防治番茄青枯病最行之有效的方法。     

早春樱桃番茄斜接嫁接育苗方法介绍

为了克服当地酸性土壤的不利影响及樱桃番茄连作普遍的种植习惯,彻底解决番茄青枯病严重发生的问题,在选用抗枯萎病和青枯病特性突出的砧木品种基础上,采取斜接嫁接育苗方法,有效防止了番茄青枯病的发生。早春樱桃番茄栽培育苗中采用斜接嫁接育苗方法,其中包括砧穗品种选择、砧穗错期播种、嫁接前准备、关键期管理、病虫害防治等几个方面的技术,既遏制了番茄青枯病危害的蔓延,又降低了嫁接操作难度,为简化栽培、提高效率、降低成本提供了有益经验,尤其为非专业的嫁接育苗人员提供了一定的参考借鉴。     

番茄越冬栽培嫁接砧木筛选试验

以福建地区大面积种植的‘冬暖’番茄品种作为接穗,比较分析爱好、钢木一号、桂砧1号等7个番茄嫁接砧木材料的成活率、青枯病发病率、产量等。结果表明:引进的8个砧木品种嫁接苗均表现出更高的抗青枯病能力,比接穗自根苗(CK)增产极显著。其中,冬暖+爱好组合折合667m~2产量最高,比CK增产26.8%,冬暖+健壮11号次之,比CK增产19.2%,增产效果十分显著,满足生产上作为嫁接砧木使用的要求,可在福建地区进行扩大示范推广。     

番茄套种洋葱防治青枯病初探

番茄青枯病是我地目前番茄为害最大的病害。病菌在土壤中存活时间长,传播快,用药剂防治不能控制病害的发生,老菜区发病更严重,减产高达60%以上,甚至失收。为此,我们1989年用番茄套种洋葱——生态种植法防治番茄青枯病进行了试验,现将试验结果总结如下: 一、材料与方法1、试验材料供试品种;早魁番茄、本地洋葱。供试材料:地膜、竹棍。2、试验方法试验在本所进行,前作为大白菜,     

番茄抗青枯病材料筛选初报

重庆地区由于高温潮湿的气候特点以及近年来种植面积的扩大 ,造成轮作困难 ,番茄病虫害 ,尤其是青枯病的发生日趋严重 ,常常造成大面的减产。虽然通过栽培措施如轮作、嫁接等能起到一定的防治效果 ,但培育抗病品种仍是最经济、有效、可行的手段。某些番茄品种在某一地区表现抗病 ,而在另一地区则显示感病 ,因此 ,最好培育抗当地青枯病菌的番茄品种。培育抗青枯病品种 ,首先要获得抗源材料。我所 1998～ 2 0 0 0年先后从亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心 (AVRDC)和广东省引进近百份抗性材料进行农艺性状和青枯病抗性鉴定比较 ,后代分离选择 ,筛选高…     

番茄抗青枯病嫁接苗的规模化生产

华南地区的气候特点使得青枯病逐渐成为番茄生产上的毁灭性病害。目前，防治青枯病的最有效方法是种植抗青枯病品种，夏红1号、新星101、益丰等都曾是这一地区的主栽品种。但是，随着市场对蔬菜品质的要求越来越高，这些品种在品质方面已难以满足市场的需要。由于抗青枯病与优质两个番茄育种目标之间存在矛盾，嫁接栽培便成为兼顾抗病和优质的理想选择。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.