印度紫檀苗木分级研究

采用逐步聚类分析方法,对印度紫檀容器苗苗木的分级标准进行了探讨。提出了以苗高和地径作为该树种苗木分级的质量指标,并得出印度紫檀苗木的3类(级)分级标准,即:Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥29 6cm,地径≥0 33cm;Ⅱ级苗:29 6cm〉树高≥19 6cm,0 33cm〉地径≥0 27cm;Ⅲ级苗:树高〈19 6cm,地径〈0 27cm。     

Effects of seed mass and emergence time on seedling performance in Castanopsis chinensis

Seed mass and emergence time may influence fitness of plants. The experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of seed mass and emergence time on the performance of seedlings of Castanopsis chinensis, a large evergreen tree species with limited tolerance of shade. The treatment consisted of three light regimes: 100%, 15% and 2% of full sunlight. Germination rate and germination time showed a significant correlation with seed mass. Germination rate differed among the three light regimes. Early-emerging large-seeded seedlings in 100% light produced the heaviest seedlings, while those resulting from smaller late-emerging seeds and grown under 2% light regime produced the lightest seedlings. Relative growth rate (RGR) decreased with seed mass in all three light regimes, and seedlings of C. chinensis have a higher RGR in high and intermediate light levels compared to low light. In contrast, the effect of emergence time on RGR was not significant. The growth of C. chinensis seedlings were significantly influenced by seed size, emergence time, and light conditions. For each month, the mean height of seedlings was significantly greatest for large-seeded seedlings and significantly lowest for small-seeded ones, irrespective of emergence time and light conditions. Regeneration success of C. chinensis appears to be regulated by the interactive effect of seed mass, emergence time and light regime.     

遮阴对印度紫檀苗木成活率的影响

采用90％、75％和50％不同透光度的阴网进行遮阴培育印度紫檀苗木,以不遮阴为对照,在小苗移植后45,90,210d调查苗木成活率,结果表明：印度紫檀幼苗期生长不需要全日照,用遮阴网遮阴其成活率可提高40．6～44．2个百分点。用透光度为75％或50％的阴网遮阴较适宜幼苗生长。     

不同基质对印度紫檀幼苗生长的影响

在黄心土中添加椰糠、泥炭土、塘泥、过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥进行不同体积比或质量比混合作为育苗基质,培育印度紫檀容器苗,旨在筛选出适宜的育苗基质。结果表明,育苗基质对印度紫檀容器苗苗高、地径、侧根数、侧根长、根瘤菌、生物量、叶面积和叶绿素相对含量等指标的影响非常显著。综合分析评价各项指标,筛选出较适合印度紫檀容器育苗的培育基质为黄心土70%+塘泥30%、黄心土99.5%+钙镁磷肥0.5%、黄心土50%+椰糠50%和黄心土99.75%+钙镁磷肥0.25%。     

印度紫檀的育苗技术及其在西双版纳的苗期生长表现

印度紫檀(Pterocarpus indicus)是热带珍贵用材树种和优良园林绿化树种。通过两个印度紫檀种源在西双版纳的育苗试验,结果表明:印度紫檀在2至4月份苗高生长较缓慢,从5月份开始生长明显加快;泰国种源苗期生长优于菲律宾种源,6个月生时两个种源的平均地径均为0.4 cm,而前者平均苗高为29.4 cm,比后者高37.9%。     

紫檀属树种实生苗培育技术的研究

对早期引种并已正常开花结实的印度紫檀、檀香紫檀、马拉巴紫檀和古巴紫檀的实生苗培育技术进行了研究 ,结果表明 :去翅荚果袋装贮于室内可达 1年以上而不影响发芽率 ;用 6 0℃或 80℃温水浸泡荚果2 4h可明显提高马拉巴紫檀、古巴紫檀荚果的发芽率 ,分别由 1 1 .0 %和 6 .0 %提高到 31 .7%和 4 8.0 % ;但这种方法不利于印度紫檀、檀香紫檀荚果的萌发 ,其发芽率反而下降 ;30～ 35℃气温有利于荚果发芽和苗木生长 ;高 30cm以上的健壮苗木可以短时间忍耐 0℃低温 ,4个树种苗期耐低温能力依次为檀香紫檀 >印度紫檀 >马拉巴紫檀 >古巴紫檀。研究结果为紫檀属树种在我国的扩大栽培提供了技术储备     

小叶紫檀和非洲血檀热处理材尺寸稳定性及抽提物研究

对小叶紫檀和非洲血檀试材进行高温热处理,热处理温度分别为120、140、160、180℃,时长2 h。利用GC-MS对试材的苯醇抽提物进行分析。研究结果表明:高温热处理使小叶紫檀吸湿率降低40.0%~67.2%;非洲血檀吸湿率降低36.8%,~52.1%。两种木材的吸湿率随处理温度升高呈现先降低后升高的趋势;热处理材的尺寸稳定性提高,抗胀缩率随着热处理温度的升高基本呈现升高的趋势;热处理材抽提物的含量和成分改变,但具有保健功能的成分部分保留;两种木材的总离子流谱图具有鲜明的特征,可为鉴别提供依据。     

Litter impair spruce seedling emergence in beech forests: a litter manipulation experiment

European beech Fagus sylvatica and Norway spruce Picea abies are economically and ecologically important forest trees in large parts of Europe. Today, the beech forest reaches its northern distribution limit in south-eastern Norway and it is expected to expand northwards due to climate warming. This expansion will likely result in fundamental ecosystem changes. To increase our knowledge about the competitive balance between spruce and beech, we have investigated how beech and spruce litter affect spruce seedling emergence, growth and uptake of C and N. We did this in a seed-sowing experiment that included litter layer removal as well as reciprocal transplantations of litter layers between spruce and beech forests. Our results show that spruce seedling emergence was significantly impaired by both litter layer types, and especially so by the beech litter layer in the beech forest. The low seedling emergence in beech forests is concurrent with their lower light availability.     

Vermicompost leachate improves seedling emergence and vigour of aged seeds of commercially grown Eucalyptus species

Vermicompost leachate (VCL) is a liquid generated by earthworms and microorganisms during the conversion of organic matter into vermicompost. Vermicompost leachate is rich in nutrients and believed to contain both known and unknown plant growth substances, which are beneficial to plants. Four-year-old seeds (artificially aged) of Eucalyptus dunnii, E. nitens and E. smithii were subjected to VCL at different concentrations. In comparison to the control, the percentage of emerged seedlings of all three species improved significantly (p < 0.05) by more than two to three times when treated with VCL. Treated seedlings showed better growth performance than untreated ones at both first and second harvest, 75 and 150 d after sowing, respectively. Eucalyptus dunnii achieved the highest seedling vigour index (SVI) at the lowest VCL concentrations of 1:5. In contrast, the SVI of E. nitens was maximum at the highest concentrations of VCL (1:20). The best SVI of E. smithii was obtained at VCL concentrations of 1:10. These results suggest that the influence of VCL on SVI of the eucalypt species tested was concentration-dependent. The absolute seedling vigour rate per day was also improved with all the tested concentrations of VCL, with some exceptions for E. dunnii seedlings. The order of response to VCL by the species can be summarised as E. smithii > E. nitens > E. dunnii. The results of this study suggest that VCL can be used to supplement chemical fertilisers. The liquid nature of VCL should be convenient for application both under nursery and field conditions. However, trials under field conditions are required.     

云南西双版纳大果紫檀种源苗期试验

在云南西双版纳对8个大果紫檀种源的苗期生长表现进行了研究,结果表明:大果紫檀种源间地径、苗高和径高比差异均极显著,越南种源的地径生长与绝大多数的泰国种源(MT5种源除外)差异不显著,但其苗高生长显著低于泰国种源,其径高比显著高于泰国种源;大果紫檀各种源的生长表现与其产地的经纬度呈现明显的相关性;以MT2和MT3泰国种源生长最快,可初步视为优良种源;大果紫檀各种源苗高生长均在2～5月份缓慢加快,6月份则生长迅速加快,与当地月最低气温有关。大果紫檀是一个典型的热带树种,在我国宜选择春季月最低气温较高的地区引种。     

紫檀属树种在我国的引种概况及发展前景

对我国引种栽培的紫檀属树种进行了系统调查，结果表明：我国已引入紫檀属8个树种，其中有6个种生长比较好，能正常开花结实。紫檀属树种引种于我国热带、南亚热带地区的红壤、砖红壤、沿海冲积土和沙壤上，大多数表现出较强的适应性，生长良好，能耐0℃以上的短暂低温，抗10级以下台风；而且生长迅速，在良好栽培条件下，中幼龄林木年均胸径生长量可达2cm以上。紫檀属树种开始形成心材的年龄因树种而异，檀香紫檀、印度紫檀为15～20年，古巴紫檀为7年，马拉巴紫檀为4年。紫檀属树种作为特类珍贵用材树种和园林绿化树种，在我国具有广阔的发展前景，建议各级政府立项开展种质资源的系统引进以及相关研究与推广工作。     

播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响

以蒙古栎种子为材料,研究播种时期对蒙古栎不同类型苗木出苗和生长的影响,结果表明:蒙古栎在秋季不同时间播种的出苗率均在60%以上,但以早期(9月下旬)播种的出苗率最高(大于80%),早期播种的苗木在苗高、地径、侧根数、根体积和根生物量等指标上都明显要高于其它播种时期,蒙古栎在秋播裸根育苗时应适时早播;秋季播种的容器苗在所有观测的形态指标上均好于春季播种的容器苗,秋季容器育苗质量更高。     

岳阳市林木种苗产业发展思考

通过对岳阳市林木种苗发展现状进行调查分析,总结了岳阳市在林木良种选育、良种基地建设、苗木生产、管理机制等方面所取得的成绩.同时剖析存在的问题,提出了加快推进岳阳市林木良种化进程的建议.     

桉树人工林土壤环境对植物种子发芽和生长的影响

桉树(Eucalyptus)已成为我国华南地区很重要的速生阔叶用材树种,在海南已成为仅次于天然林、橡胶林的第三大森林生态系统.但随着大面积营造桉树人工纯林,生产上出现一些负面的影响,其社会效益和生态效益问题日益得到重视,其旺盛的生长是否会造成地下水的过量消耗,大面积的种植桉树人工林从而造成部分林地降低了地下水位、造成土壤的退化和影响林下植物种子萌发、植物的生长,林下植被的减少,土壤的退化等(蒋有绪,1992;王震洪等,1998;陈秋波,2001;林义辉,2001;项东云,2002;黄志宏,2003).     

大叶椴种子不同贮藏方式对发芽和出苗率的影响

在大叶椴种子贮藏时期进行打破休眠对发芽率和出苗率影响的试验表明:即先从大叶椴坚硬果实内取出休眠种子在浓硫酸中脱皮10 min后,再在无基质(3℃)条件下层积催芽140～168 d(直到第1粒种子开始发芽为止).结果表明:经过处理后的种子当发芽试验中昼夜温度为3～15℃(16 h+8 h)时,几周后种子的发芽率达90%;...     

龙胆播种育苗苗床不同覆盖处理成苗效果的研究

对龙胆播种育苗苗床进行3种覆盖处理试验,研究其对成苗效果的影响,结果表明:苗床不同覆盖处理的成苗数量差异达到极显著水平,F=77.05＞5.49(F0.01),其中以C处理(播种后苗床上扣塑料拱棚,棚上再覆盖遮阳网,在苗床步道沟内灌水保持苗床湿润)的成苗效果最佳,平均成苗数量为752株·m-2,分别是B处理、A处理的1...     

大果紫檀的育苗栽培技术

大果紫檀是珍贵的红木类树种,原产东南亚热带地区,引种到云南西双版纳热带植物园生长迅速,心材形成千,并大量结果,是优良的珍贵造林树种.文章对其种子特性、生态习性、育苗及造林技术作了较详细的介绍.建议在云南、海南岛、台湾、广东、广西、福建等省区条件适宜地区进行试种并发展造林.     

红松实生种子园建园效果分析

本文对红松实生种子园建园效果进行了分析.结果表明:用3 a生容器苗做定植材料效果好,结实量较裸根苗提高59.33%;陡坡立地条件母树生长最好,缓坡次之,平地最差;建园的232个家系中树高、胸径均为正选择的家系数为89个;树高、胸径遗传增益均高于5%、10%、15%的家系数分别为41个、12个、6个.优树树高单株和家系遗传力均大于胸径遗传力,且树高和胸径单株遗传力均小于家系遗传力;露水河、八家子和敦化三地种源树高单株和家系遗传力均大于胸径遗传力,且树高和胸径单株遗传力均小于家系遗传力.露水河种源树高、胸径单株和家系遗传力均高于三地种源,树高、胸径单株遗传力分别高出20.0%和20.6%,树高、胸径家系遗传力分别高出10.64%和11.63%.     

我省种苗管理工作存在的问题与对策

本文对当前种苗管理工作存在的问题进行了分析。提出了加强种苗管理工作的对策。     

不同树种采用种基盘造林时出苗情况初报

在太行山南麓三种不同的立地条件下,采用种基块造林方法,对8个拟选造林树种进行了出苗试验研究。结果表明:臭椿、胡枝子、80℃温水处理的金合欢适应性较强,它们的出苗率分别为91％、67.5％、52％。