犊牛超排活体采卵对其繁殖性能的影响初报

本文跟踪研究了12头2～3月龄荷斯坦犊牛应用促卵泡素诱导大量卵泡发育并手术活体采卵后,其成年后的繁殖性能表现,并设为试验组;同时与对照组12头未处理犊牛成年后的繁殖性能进行了比较。结果表明,超排活体采卵的犊牛育成后,其首次发情排卵时间为395±12d,一次情期受胎率为58.33%,与对照组无显著差异,但卵巢体积明显大于对照组。该结果说明犊牛超排活体采卵对其成年后的繁殖性能没有影响,但其卵巢体积明显大于未处理牛。     

牛胚胎移植后预防炎症的必要性及技术要点

目前奶牛场多数奶牛品质较差,单产量低,平单产奶量仅2000千克左右,同畜牧业发达国家奶牛相比相差较大。近年来,奶牛胚胎移植是继人授精之后发展起来的一项家畜繁殖领域的高新术,在奶牛的繁育中,胚胎工程技术已经走出了试阶段,并开始商品化应用于生产当中,鲜胚移植受率平均在65%左右,冷冻胚胎的受孕率平均40%右。目前,该技术在奶牛生产中合理应用不仅可以高繁殖率,而且可以加快育种进程,提高奶牛群遗性能,对于提高奶牛产奶量和奶牛生产经济效益有重要意义。然而由于受许多因素影响,胚胎移植不能象工授精一样很快被基层养牛户接受并大面积推广…     

青年荷斯坦母牛超排前卵巢状况对超排后排卵率的影响

共统计比较了652头青年荷斯坦供体母牛的超排记录。结果表明,超排后对FSH无反应的供体有12头,占全部超排供体的1.84%(12/652)。其中2头未表现发情,10头虽表现发情(1.53%),但并未排卵。排卵5枚以下的供体占32.21%(210/652);排卵6枚以上的供体占67.64%(441/652)。结论是在可选供体较多,或是使用性控冻精配种时,可首先选用一侧卵巢上有黄体,另一卵巢有活性的母牛作为供体。     

供体牛重复超排效果试验初报

据报道,牛的重复超排以间隔100-120 天进行处理为宜,每头次获得可用胚胎5枚左右。2005年2月到7月,我们选择11头短角肉牛经产母牛作为供体牛进行重复超排达6次之多,共采卵37头次,获得209枚可用胚胎,平均5.7枚/头、次,效果较好,现将做法报告如下。     

不同药物对荷斯坦青年母牛超排效果的研究

本研究以青年荷斯坦母牛为试验对象,在供体母牛发情周期的任意一天(发情当天除外),于供体牛阴道放置CIDR(孕酮的缓释装置).同时肌注Eb 2 mg和P4激素100 mg,在放置阴道栓的第五天开始按常规4天递减法肌肉注射FSH超数排卵.结果发现,应用进口FSH超排组,有23头发生卵巢囊肿,同时乳房有不同程度的发育,应用国产FSH超排组,只有3头牛发生卵巢囊肿,且其乳房并无发育.表明在超数排卵时,应根据所选药物及超排牛群内牛只个体的不同,选择适宜的超排剂量.     

不同品种青年母牛的超排效果比较

本文比较了荷斯坦牛、西门塔尔牛和新疆褐牛青年母牛的超排效果。结果表明,荷斯坦牛、西门塔尔牛和新疆褐牛的平均卵回收分别为10.51枚、13.59枚和13.82枚;平均有效胚胎分别为5.12枚、5.94枚和6.66枚。在胚胎发育阶段上,3个品种间也存在着差异。由此得出结论：不同品种间超排反应和有效胚胎产量存在着差异,乳肉兼用牛优于乳用牛。     

荷斯坦青年母牛超排前卵巢状况对超排效果的影响

对1035头荷斯坦青年母牛的超排效果进行了分析统计。将超排前卵巢状况有记录的669头供体,分成7组;检查卵巢但没有记录的366头供体作为对照。对比7组之间超排效果,‘L+’组的超排效果最好,与其他组比较,差异显著(P0.05)。除‘L+’组外,在其他各组中,胚胎有效率的差异不显著(P0.05)。因此,在选择供体母牛用作超排时,特别是用性控精液配种的供体母牛,可以选用一侧卵巢有黄体,另一侧卵巢有活性的供体母牛。从而进一步提高有效胚胎率和降低成本。     

提高母牛受胎率的技术要点

笔者于1999～2001年,连续三年在本县长兴乡丰产村蹲点,负责该村的黄牛冷配工作,共冷配黄牛846头,受胎率达到90.2％。在三年的配种实践中我体会到,要想提高母牛受胎率,必须做好以下几点:首先要具有不怕脏、不怕累,全心全意为养牛户服务的精神;其次就是要熟练掌握人工授精技术;第三还要保证精液品质优良,母牛体况良好,保证其发情排卵机能正常。     

超排后不同发情时间对荷斯坦青年母牛回收卵数和有效胚胎率的影响

共分析比较了916头14～15月龄的荷斯坦青年母牛不同发情时间对超排效果和有效胚胎的影响.结果表明,上午发情的供体母牛,超排效果和有效胚胎明显高于下午发情的供体母牛（P＜0.01）.在供体超排后,以撤栓后大约24 h表现发情为多(81.11％),而下午发情的供体仅占18.89％.下午发情的多数供体是在撤栓34 h以后,...     

不同季节对荷斯坦青年母牛超排效果的影响

本试验对895头荷斯坦青年母牛的超排效果进行比较,结果表明,春季的超排效果最好,平均可用胚胎数最多,但与冬季相比差异不显著(P>0.05),与夏季和秋季相比分别差异极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)。春季和冬季的囊胚比例高于夏季和秋季。该结果说明,季节对奶牛超排效果和胚胎发育均有不同程度的影响,因此,可根据不同季节母牛卵巢的反应和排卵类型对超排方案进行相应的调整。     

Endocrine profiles and egg quality in the superovulated cow

Plasma progesterone- and LH concentrations were studied in lactating dairy cows around the superovulatory heat. The pattern of both hormones accurately reflected the donor animals' endocrine balance and could be used to evaluate and predict the subsequent potentials or quality of a given animal as embryo- and oocyte donor. It was the general impression that both PMSG- and FSH treatment caused endocrine changes in progesterone- and LH patterns that would account for improper oocyte- and embryo development.     

Descent of ova and embryos in cows superovulated with serum gonadotropin]

The descent and localization of eggs and embryos in individual segments of the reproductive tract of superovulated cows were studied in this work. For the induction of superovulation, serum gonadotropin (PMSG, Ivanovice in Haná) at a dose of 2,500-3,500 I.U. was used, in combination with 0.5 mg of Cloprostenol (Oestrophan, Spofa), administered 48 hours after gonadotropin treatment. The start of superovulation fell on days 9 to 12 of the sexual cycle and was conditioned by the presence of the corpus luteum (CL). After the onset of the heat, 2-3 inseminations were carried out using fresh semen. Donor cows were slaughtered 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after the second insemination and isolated reproductive organs (Fig. 1) were divided into five segments (two on oviducts and three on uterine horns) by the applied ligature. In laboratory conditions superovulation response was determined accurately, the volume of ovaries was assessed according to water displacement and the segments of oviducts and uterus were rinsed with TCM 199 or PBS supplemented with FCS. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after insemination (Tab. I). 18.1 (+/- 3.55), 12.4 (+/- 0.91), 19.2 (+/- 2.86), 20 and 23 (+/- 2.44) CL on average were recorded, which corresponded to the ovulation of 64, 50, 56, 71 and 72 percent of stimulated follicles (Fig. 2). Within 3 to 7 days after insemination nearly triple enlargement of ovaries was also observed (Tab. I, Fig. 3). During the lavage of individual segments of the tubular reproductive tract, 38 per cent of eggs and embryos were detected in the uterus as early as 3 days after insemination (Tab. II). Unfertilized eggs and degenerated embryos were found in the 2nd and 3rd uterine segment, embryos at the stage of 8-16 blastomeres were localized in the 1st and 2nd segment of the uterus. Four days after insemination (Tab. III), about 64 per cent of eggs and embryos at the stage up to 16 blastomeres were found in the uterus, but embryos up to 32 blastomeres were still flushed out of the oviduct. On day 5 after insemination, 92 per cent of eggs and embryos were released into the uterus, being localized mostly in the cranial and medial part of the uterus (Tab. IV). 7.5 per cent of recovered eggs and embryos at the stage of early or compacted morulae were still detected in the oviducts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

奶牛乳房炎治疗药剂——乳疾宁的研究

我所研制的乳疾宁由一液和二液组成，一液具有广谱抗菌作用，二液有促进乳房内坏死，凝固物溶解，排除的功能。该药剂为乳房局部用药，每日挤奶后将一液和二液按１：１的比例混合后注入乳房乳池５０～１００ｍｌ（１日２～３次）对机体无不良影响，不被机体吸收，试验治疗乳房炎患牛２８４例，总有效率为９７．５％，治愈率８６．６％，区域试验治疗４７９０例，治愈率为８７．５％，该药液保质期至少２年。     

An antegrade surgical uterine flush technique for ova collection in the ewe

A surgical uterine flush technique was evaluated for percentage of ova/corpora lutea (CL) collected and development of reproductive adhesions in 79 superovulated ewes. The median collection rate for ova/CL was 70%, and 47 of 79 ewes had greater than or equal to 67% ova/CL. At 50 to 80 days after uterine flushing, celiotomies were performed on 50 of the 79 ewes to evaluate the reproductive tract for adhesions. Adhesions of the reproductive tract were not found. Thirty ewes were given prostaglandin F2 alpha, were mated, and became pregnant. The ova collection rates were comparable with rates reported in ewes in which oviductal flush methods were used; however, adhesions did not develop and reproductive function was maintained after surgery.     

奶牛产乳热的预防

文章介绍了产乳热和亚临床低血钙的发病机理,强调调整奶牛产犊前后钙磷代谢是降低代谢紊乱的关键环节.在几种传统的解决方案基础上着重介绍了阴离子盐在预防产乳热方面的作用和在生产上的应用.     

荔枝省力化栽培七大关键技术要点

针对目前荔枝果园栽培方式落后,生产成本飙升和劳动力不足等问题,在产业调研基础上,本文总结了目前在荔枝生产中容易做到的省力化栽培七大关键技术,包括密闭荔枝园改造技术、简化修剪技术、肥水一体化管理技术、省力化喷药喷叶面肥技术、简化土壤施肥技术、省力化花果管理技术和省力化土壤管理技术等方面内容。     

奶牛腐蹄病的治疗与预防

奶牛腐蹄病是一种以蹄部角质腐败，趾间皮肤和组织腐败、化脓为特征的局部化脓性、坏死性炎症。它能引起牛蹄真皮坏死、化脓，角质溶解及蹄间肉芽增生。反刍动物特别是牛、羊较常见，北方地区的春季和夏季，在某些牛群中可引起地方性流行，其发病率高，一般约为8％～20％，有的高达30％-50％。     

犬瘟热的治疗与预防

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的急性高度接触性、传染性、致死性传染病.犬瘟热一般分为4个类型:呼吸道型(肺炎型)、消化道型(胃肠炎型)、神经型和混合型.