东部白松叶片光合作用日变化特征的研究

利用LI-6400便携式光合仪观测了东部白松自然状态的叶片光合作用日变化规律。结果表明:东部白松叶片的净光合速率日变化呈典型双峰曲线,表现出明显的光合"午睡"现象,光合效率午间明显降低;蒸腾速率日变化趋势与净光合速率相似,但两者最大值出现的时间不相同。气孔导度日变化与净光合速率日变化相似,但并不完全同步,气孔导度最大值出现的时间较净光合速率提前约2h。     

东部白松种源选择试验研究

对从北美引进的东部白松在辽阳铧子林场进行了15a的种源试验研究。方差分析表明不同种源之间生长量差异显著，筛选出的3号和2号2个优良种源，树高、胸径遗传力为85％和87％，遗传增益为20．2％和28．9％，直接引种这些优良种源造林可获得显著的增产效益。东部白松的生长量显著高于乡土树种红松，是辽宁大有发展前途的优良树种。     

不同种源东部白松苗期光合作用研究

为选择适合辽宁地区生长的东部白松种源,研究了东部白松不同种源苗期的光合效率。结果表明：东部白松净光合速率和蒸腾速率日变化均为双峰型。8：00时,不同种源的净光合速率为7.83～17.96μmol.m-2.s-1,蒸腾速率为2.63～6.33 mmol.m-2.s-1。10：00时,不同种源的净光合速率为3.58～18.60μmol.m-2.s-1,蒸腾速率为1.92～6.68 mmol.m-2.s-1。方差分析表明,不同种源的东部白松净光合速率和蒸腾速率均差异明显。相关性分析表明,生长指标和光合作用指标之间表现为正相关,其中当年树高生长量同净光合速率和蒸腾速率相关性较高,说明光合作用指标可作为东部白松东部种源选择的依据。     

31个种源东部白松SRAP指纹图谱分析

采用8对SRAP引物对加拿大31个种源的东部白松进行分析,获得104个扩增位点,多态性位点79个,平均多态性水平76%,每对引物产生等位基因7～22个,条带分布100～1 000 bp。各种源相互间相似系数为0.653 8～0.951 9,平均0.830 5。引物组合ME1-EM6与ME7-EM7可将31个种源区分开。     

东部白松种源引进苗期选择研究

对从加拿大引进的29个东部白松种源种子在辽宁清原进行了3年苗期试验。结果表明,东部白松生产力随纬度增高而加快,生长与纬度呈单向渐变地理模式。方差分析结果表明东部白松不同种源之间生长量存在显差异,筛选的6个优良种源,苗高遗传力12％～27％,遗传增益9．3％～19％,直接引种这些优良种源造林可获得显的增产效益。     

引种加拿大东部白松种源选择研究

文章介绍了引进的加拿大东部白松10个种源的优良种源选择的早期研究结果.通过6年的造林试验,东部白松生长量极显著大于乡土树种红松;东部白松10个种源之间生长量存在显著差异,筛选出2个优良种源,其苗高的遗传力为86%,遗传增益为11.7%;胸径的遗传力为88%,遗传增益为63.4%.说明直接引种东部白松优良种源造林可获得显著的增产效益.     

Effects of soil organic matter,moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedling emergence

The effects of soil organic matter, soil moisture, shading and ash on white pine (Pinus strobus L.) emergence were investigated using soil monoliths in greenhouse experiments. White pine seedling emergence increased with soil organic matter removal, and levelled with the elimination of the litter and fermentation layers, where seedling emergence did not significantly increase further. Increased shade and soil moisture levels also improved seedling emergence whereas ash had no or little impact on white pine seedling emergence. The silvicultural implications of these findings are discussed with regard to white pine management.     

白云杉补光育苗试验

在温室内对白云杉进行补光育苗试验的结果表明,在苗木生长期补光,可以促进苗木高生长,光照时间对高生长的影响显著;苗木休眠后补充光照,可以打破休眠,实现二次生长,延长生长期;光照强度、光照时间及光照强度与光照时间的交互作用对试验结果均有极显著的影响。     

北美白云杉引种育苗试验初报

本文对引进的10个种源北美白云杉、3个种源的内陆红皮云杉3个年龄段苗木生长状况进行了分析，结果表明：各种源的苗木高生长差异显著，自云杉种源间、红皮云杉种源间及各种源之间3a生苗木地径生长差异达极显著水平；白云杉3a生苗高和地径生长表现最佳的种源是3^#、9^#和7^#，红皮云杉种源为CK2的地径及苗高生长量最大，其次是CK3和CK1，而且白云杉3^#种源苗高生长略超过红皮云杉CK3。     

北美兰云杉胚性组织诱导的研究

以1/2LM为基本培养基,加入不同种类和质量浓度的植物生长调节剂,对5个种源的北美兰云杉成熟合子胚进行诱导培养,结果表明:成熟合子胚在一定激素质量浓度范围内的1/2LM培养基上均能诱导出胚性组织,5个种源的兰云杉成熟胚的胚性组织诱导率分别为26.76%、24.17%、25.04%、24.63%和69.57%。而在不同激素组合中,以BA7.5 mg.L-1+2,4-D15.0 mg.L-1的激素组合对北美兰云杉胚性组织的诱导率最高。     

Distribution and yield of biomass from young Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies stands on drained and fertilized peatland

Above‐ground biomass has been measured on fertilized and control plots up to stand age 31 years. Each biomass fraction was estimated by two statistically coupled linear models with squared diameter at breast height as independent variable. All fractions except reproductive structures of pine and dead branches of spruce were estimated at high precision levels, R. between 0.93 and 0.99. The above‐ground biomass fractions per hectare could be precisely described by stem volume with bark. Application of the models for prognostic purposes is discussed. Annual above‐ground net biomass production in pine increased from 2.05 to 4.34 MT d.m./ha‐yr on control plots over 11 years, while plots given complete fertilizer mixture ranged from 6.75 to 9.09. Spruce stands with a nearly optimum water relationship and fertilizer programmes yielded from 9.50 to 11.86 MT d.m./ha‐yr. The combination of energy and timber production in highly productive peatland stands is discussed.     

Application of growth regulators in aqueous media and organic solvents to seeds of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris

Incubation with acetone and dichloromethane had little effect on the germination of different lots of Norway spruce seeds. This was not the case with Scots pine where almost half the seed lots tested were adversely affected by acetone and dichloromethane. The auxins indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and indole‐3‐butyric acid (IBA) were applied to Scots pine seeds in acetone, dichloromethane and phosphate‐citrate buffer. The uptake of the two compounds was most rapid from acetone. Although the uptake from dichloromethane was slower than from acetone it reached the same level after 6 h. Uptake of the growth regulators from buffer was significantly lower than from the organic solvents. The accumulation of IAA and IBA into the seeds from both acetone and dichloromethane was linear between 0.5 and 10 mM, and between 0.5 and 15 mM from buffer. IAA and IBA levels in infused seeds declined over a 5‐day germination period, the former more rapidly than the latter. The metabolic activity of the IAA degradation system was as effective in seeds after immersion in the organic solvents as seeds immersed in buffer.     

华山松叶栖内生真菌的分离鉴定及筛选

用常规内生真菌分离方法从健康华山松Pinus armandii Franch.针叶上分离到17种内生真菌,其中子囊菌1种、酵母菌1种、半知菌15种。通过对峙培养初步筛选出抗真菌活性的内生真菌优势种:绿木霉Trichoderma viridePers.:Fr.、拟康宁木霉T.pseudok ningiiRifai,并对这2种木霉培养滤液的抑菌作用进行初步研究。结果表明,这2种木霉培养滤液对来自于针叶的拟盘多毛孢PestalotiopsisStey.和针叶树散斑壳Lophodermium conigenum(Brunaud)Hilitz菌落生长只有较弱抑制作用,对来自于枝干的拟茎点霉Phomopsis(Sacc.)Bubak有很强的抑制作用,对拟盘多毛孢孢子萌发有不同程度抑制作用。     

两株外生菌根真菌对盐渍土壤中黑松幼苗生长的影响

为了研究外生菌根真菌对宿主植物黑松幼苗耐盐性的影响,采用盆栽实验,将成功侵染菌种土生空团菌(Cg)、紫晶蜡蘑(La)的黑松幼苗移栽于盐渍土壤中,培育3个月后,测定相关生理指标。结果表明:1)与非菌根化幼苗相比,接种菌根真菌Cg和La显著提高了针叶叶绿素a(由0.78 mg/g FW增加到1.27 mg/g FW和1.47 mg/g FW)和叶绿素b(由0.28 mg/g FW增加到0.40 mg/g FW和0.43 mg/g FW)的含量,增加了宿主体内脯氨酸含量(地上部:La> Cg> NM;地下部:La> Cg> NM),增强了K^+的吸收、转运,有效地维持(Cg菌种)或是降低(La菌种)了宿主地上部分Na^+/K^+的比值;显著(P <0.05)降低了宿主幼苗地下部的Na^+/K^+比值(由0.70降低到0.47和0.64)。2)外生菌根真菌有利于松树幼苗的生长,提高了其耐盐性,但因菌种而异(La> Cg)。深入研究不同菌种对不同宿主植物耐盐性的影响,将会成为后续菌根技术研究的一个重要方向,为沿海滩涂盐碱地的植被恢复提供理论依据及技术支持。     

褐环乳牛肝菌对轻基质营养包樟子松和油松苗的促生效应

为提高轻基质营养包樟子松和油松幼苗的出棚成活率以及对恶劣环境的适应能力,有效的增强其抗逆性,人工接种外生菌根真菌技术可以有效解决以上难题.用实验室生产的褐环乳牛肝菌优良菌株Suillus luteus SP4,SP7,SP8以及SP4、SP7、SP8的混合液体菌液,应用蘸根的方法对1年生轻基质营养包樟子松幼苗和1年生轻基质营养包油松幼苗进行接种,试验结果表明,SP4、SP7、SP8的混合液体菌剂接种两种幼苗的菌根侵染效果好于单独使用一种菌剂侵染,且接种油松幼苗的效果好于樟子松幼苗;相应的用SP4、SP7、SP8的混合液体菌剂接种的樟子松幼苗和油松幼苗的生长指标提高幅度最大.     

Effects of priming treatments on germination and biochemical characteristics of Pinus bungeana seeds

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed priming on the germination and physiology of Pinus bungeana seeds.Seeds were treated by hydropriming with distilled water,halopriming with potassium nitrate (KNO 3) at 0.3,0.6,1.2 MPa respectively (untreated dry seeds were taken as control).Properties of seed germination and physiology were determined and the effect of hydro-and halopriming on germination and physiology of P.bungeana seeds were investigated.The results showed that,compared with control,each priming treatment had increased the germination percentage (GP) and germination index (GI),shortened the mean germination time (MGT) and the time required for 50% of the seeds to germinate (G 50).Primed P.bungeana seeds significantly decreased the relative conductivity and the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA).Of all the treatments applied to seeds of P.bungeana,halopriming at 0.3 MPa KNO 3 produced the highest GP (65.0%) and the shortest MGT (18.8 d) and G 50 (18.2 d).     

Ectomycorrhizal fungi affect the physiological responses of Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana seedlings exposed to an NaCl gradient

We tested the effects of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) inoculation on greenhouse-grown white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana L.) seedlings to be used for revegetation of salt-affected tailing sands resulting from the exploitation of oil sand in northeastern Alberta, Canada. White spruce and jack pine seedlings were inoculated with three ECM fungi selected for their in vitro tolerance to excess Na+ and Cl-: Hebeloma crustuliniforme (Bull) Quel. UAMH 5247, Laccaria bicolor Maire (Orton) UAMH 8232 and a Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing., Snell and Dick isolate from a salt-affected site. The physiological responses of the seedlings to a gradient of NaCl concentration (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM) were assessed over four weeks by: (1) Na+ accumulation and allocation; (2) chlorophyll a fluorescence; (3) growth, (4) water content; and (5) organic osmolyte accumulation. Jack pine seedlings were more sensitive than white spruce seedlings to increasing Na+ and Cl- concentrations. Both species showed decreasing biomass accumulation, and increasing concentrations of organic osmotica and Na with increasing NaCl concentration. White spruce seedlings inoculated with the S. tomentosus isolate had the best growth response at all NaCl concentrations tested. Although jack pine seedlings inoculated with the L. bicolor or S. tomentosus isolate exhibited the highest growth in the 50 and 100 mM NaCl treatments, both fungi increased the photochemical stress and dehydration of their hosts in the 200 mM NaCl treatment. At the latter concentration, jack pine seedlings inoculated with H. crustuliniforme showed the greatest tolerance to salt stress. Although the different fungi altered the physiological response of the host in different ways, inoculation with salt-stress-tolerant ECM fungi increased growth and reduced the negative effects of excess NaCl. Use of controlled mycorrhization may increase survival of coniferous seedlings used for revegetation of salt-affected sites.     

油松人工林改建母树林效果调查研究

对油松人工林采用了不同强度,不同疏伐次数的方法改建成的母树林,进行了生长量,冠幅及产实量的调查,选择出改建的适宜疏伐强度,次数及疏伐间隔期。     

赤松幼苗接种菌根真菌生长效应的初步研究

以赤松幼苗接种松茸菌进行盆栽和圃地栽培试验,研究菌根菌感染数量和菌根菌对苗木生长效应的影响。结果表明:在盆栽条件下,三种处理根系菌根真菌的感染指数分别为80、50、3,截根接种和不截根接种分别为对照的26.7倍和16.7倍,且截根处理是不截根的1.6倍;幼苗苗高、地径生长量显著提高,干重比对照分别增加33.3%和18.5%。在圃地条件下,截根接种与不截根接种的幼苗苗高、地径生长量比对照分别提高5.4%、4.2%和14.9%、6.9%。     

Shoot and root sensitivity of containerized black spruce,white spruce and jack pine seedlings to late fall freezing

Damage to containerized forest seedlings due to freezing can occur in the fall or early winter in Canadian forest nurseries. The following spring, damage to shoots and impairment of growth is observed. The objectives of this experiment were to measure the impact of late fall low temperatures (0° to --30°C) on whole seedlings of the three most common species used for reforestation in Quebec: black spruce (BS), white spruce (WS) and jack pine (JP). Impacts of freezing temperatures on (i) whole seedling and apical bud mortality, (ii) shoot growth and root mortality, (iii) stem electrical resistance, (iv) shoot and root water relations, (v) concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and total sugars in shoots were assessed. JP showed the highest rate of whole seedling mortality while WS showed the highest rate of apical bud mortality. JP was the most severely affected: destruction of the root system at low temperatures as well as a reduction of shoot growth and stem diameter and a decrease (more negative) in shoot and root water potential. WS showed a reduction of shoot growth despite no apparent damage to the root system at low temperatures. BS was not affected by temperatures as low as --30°C. Nutrient and sugar concentrations were not affected by low temperature treatments.