城市森林不同类型绿地植物配置抑菌效应初析

江苏省淮安市城市森林不类型绿地植物配置的抑菌效应测定结果表明,无论春、夏、冬季各样地绿化配置树种、植物均有明显抑菌功能,且抑菌效果存在明显的差异。研究结果为城市森林绿地生态保健型绿化模式构建提供了科学依据。       

甲磺隆防除园林草坪杂草铜锤草的药效研究

通过对磺酰脲类除草剂——甲磺隆（Metsulfuron—methyl）进行了系统的筛选测定试验。结果表明,甲磺隆除草剂对园林草坪铜锤草（Oxalis corymbosa DC．）有良好的防除效果,可以推广应用。     

一种基于数字高程模型的流域边界提取修正方法

Boundary extraction of watershed is an important step in forest landscape research. The boundary of the upriver watershed of the Hunhe River in the sub-alpine Qingyuan County of eastern Liaoning Province, China was extracted by digital elevation modeling (DEM) data in Arclnfo8.1. Remote sensing image of the corresponding region was applied to help modify its copy according to Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) image‘s profuse geomorphological structure information. Both the DEM-dependent boundary and modified copy were overlapped with county map and drainage network map to visually check the effects of result. Overlap of county map suggested a nice extraction of the boundary line since the two layers matched precisely,which indicated the DEM-dependent boundary by program was effective and precise. Further upload of drainage network showed discrepancies between the boundary and the drainage network. Altogether, there were three sections of the extraction result that needed to correct. Compared with this extraction boundary, the modified boundary had a better match to the drainage network as well as to the county map. Comprehensive analysis demonstrated that the program extraction has generally fine precision in position and excels the digitized result by hand. The errors of the DEM-dependant extraction are due to the fact that it is difficult for program to recognize sections of complex landform especially altered by human activities, but these errors are discernable and adjustable because the spatial resolution of ETM image is less than that of DEM. This study result proved that application of remote sensing information could help obtain better result when DEM method is used in extraction of watershed boundary.     

两种护林神粉剂防治华山松木蠹象的林间套笼药效试验

在云南省会泽县国营者海林场受华山松木蠹象危害的华山松中幼林内设置试验区, 进行护林神2号、3号粉剂防治华山松木蠹象成虫的林间套笼药效试验。结果表明: 应用护林神2号粉剂防治华山松木蠹象成虫的效果为95 6 %; 护林神3号粉剂的防治效果为91 6 %。经u值检验, 二者差异不显著。     

Responses in the bark of Cupressus sempervirens clones artificially inoculated with Seiridium cardinale under field conditions

By 70 days after inoculation, resistant and tolerant clones of field-grown Cupressus sempervirens restricted penetration of the bark by Seiridium cardinale, forming ligno-suberized boundary zones which included four to six layers of cells with suberized cell walls. This response contrasted with that in susceptible clones, where only two to four layers of suberized cells were formed in discontinuous bands around inoculation sites. Detection of multiple layers of thin suberized boundary zones in susceptible clones indicated repeated penetration of the wound/infection-induced barrier by S. cardinale during a single growing season. The methods described will be valuable in the development of rapid, early and accurate screening programmes for durable resistance to Seiridium canker in Cupressus species.     

两种新型药剂对东北大黑鳃金龟的防治试验

在对 5种杀虫剂进行初选的基础上 ,确定 3%米乐尔颗粒剂和 4 0 %毒丝本乳油的最佳使用剂量为米乐尔每公顷用量 4 5 kg,毒丝本每公顷用量 2 2 5 0 ml,达到防治要求 ;米乐尔和毒丝本对 1龄幼虫的杀虫效果明显高于 3龄幼虫 ;春季做床时 ,用 3%米乐尔颗粒剂作毒土层效果优于 4 0 %毒丝本乳油 ,而毒土层法对东北大黑鳃金龟的防效又好于定植或出苗后在床面喷药的效果。     

Ultrastructure of ray parenchyma cells in the wood of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae)

Summary The fine structure of ray parenchyma cells in the sapwood during its transformation to heartwood in Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) is described. They have thick walls with electron dense and opaque lamellations. Many branched and unbranched plasmodesmatal connections are present on their lateral and end walls. The cells in the outer sapwood show abundant starch which disappears completely in the inner sapwood ant at the sapwood-heartwood boundary. The morphological features of the starch grain during its depletion are described and their association with lipid formation is indicated. It is suggested that the phenolic materials in the heartwood cells are formed at the sapwood-heartwood boundary.Abbreviations Cy Cytoplasm - ER Endoplasmic reticulum - L Lipid droplet - M Mitochondrion - ML Middle lamella - MVB Multivesicular body - N Nucleus - P Pit-field - PC Pit cavity - PD Plasmodesmata - PL Plasmalemma - St Starch - V Vacuole - VS Vesicle - W Wall The authors thank the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India for the financial assistance     

林区TM图像噪音消除方法的比较研究

遥感图像会因成像系统和地理环境而产生噪音,这些噪音将会影响从TM图像中提取森林信息的精确性和有效性.消除噪音对图像的分类十分重要.本研究的目的是评估应用Landsat 5 TM 图像提取森林相关信息时,目前所使用的空间滤波处理方法的有效性.对低通滤波、中值滤波、均值滤波、求和滤波、增强型自适应滤波五种空间滤波方法做以检验.通过设计一系列的评估指数,分析每种噪音消除方法的平滑能力、边界保持和增强能力.基于所设计的评价指数和图片对比表明,对林区土地利用和森林类型分类而言,求和滤波（D=1）和增强型自适应滤波是消除Landsat 5 TM图像噪音的最有效的方法.     

两种杀虫剂防治针叶小爪螨药效试验

本实验对针叶小爪螨的药剂防治进行研究,发现啶虫脒对该螨防效最好,3%啶虫脒乳油1000倍、1500倍和2500倍液对其防效分别为92.1%、90.3%和87.1%;25%噻虫嗪悬浮剂效果次之,3000倍、5000倍和10000倍防效分别为87.6%、84.2%和71.3%;对照药剂2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油3000倍液防效较差,仅为68.6%。     

林业科技进步的增资减危效用分析

对林业科技进步与增资减危的关系及结构的分析结果指出,资源的科技实现有两种主要方式,一是通过资源的恢复增长来实现,二是通过资源的减耗增长得以实现。科技的资源行为则以“发展”、“利用”、“保护”和“储备”四种形式存在。据此建立系统动力学模型进行动态仿真。结果表明,由科技水平系数、资源贡献量、贡献率和效益估值指标所表征的增资减危效用是显著的。其中,资源恢复增长方式较资源的减耗增长方式更显著;保护行为增资减危的效用为佳,发展行为其次,利用行为名列第三。     

苏北杨树新造林地溃疡病防治技术初探

采用多菌灵、咪鲜胺、十三吗啉、戊唑酮、百菌清等5种药剂对杨树新造林地溃疡病的病原菌——杜仲生拟茎点霉菌进行室内药效测定,结果咪鲜胺锰盐和多菌灵对病菌菌丝都有较好的抑制效果,同一种药剂对病原菌的抑制作用随供试药剂配比度增大而增强。在野外田间防治试验中,采用退菌特、咪鲜胺、福美双、多菌灵等4种药剂进行防治试验,结果表明,咪鲜胺、福美双、多菌灵对杜仲生拟茎点霉菌均有较好的防效,其防治效果分别为94．1％,94．1％,88．2％,退菌特防治效果较差,为58．8％。     

珠三角城市森林景观树种杀菌效应及其应用

在城市森林景观树种里选择出具有较强杀菌能力的优良树种,采用现场取样、实验室培养与数理统计,在可比条件下进行分析比较。结果表明:火力楠、荷木、红桂木、短序润楠、芒果、灰木莲具有较强杀菌能力。根据结果探讨了在城市中应用杀菌树种的优化配置模式。       

Modeling prescribed burns to serve as regional firebreaks to allow wildfire activity in protected areas

Management around wilderness parks ideally requires thorough fire suppression in proximate settled and commercially exploited lands and natural fire within protected areas. To satisfy these requirements, we explored a potential regional firebreak (firewall) based on a series of prescribed burns in Quetico Provincial Park in northwestern Ontario, Canada. Fire managers were recruited each to independently devise a regional firebreak using simulated prescribed burns. The experts’ five designs consisted of between 9 and 25 prescribed burns, set over periods ranging from 3 to 8 years, and covering from 7900 to 26,100 ha. Each wildlife ignition was run after the entire firebreak was created and the vegetation was reclassified to account for post-fire vegetation re-growth. The potential efficacy of each design was tested using worst-case historical weather and 100 random ignitions in the Prometheus fire growth simulation model. Without a firewall, 100 ignitions resulted in 69 fires escaping the park and consuming 483,900 ha of forest beyond the park boundary. The firewall designs were all effective, reducing the area burned outside the park to between 15,400 and 35,400 ha. There was a 77–90% reduction in the number of fires escaping the firewall areas and an average reduction of fire area beyond the park of 92%. Moreover, one can map the geographic weak points in each design, which encourages iterative firebreak design improvements. For instance, firewalls set nearer the park boundary allowed fewer fires to start between the firewall and the boundary, so increasing firebreak effectiveness. The cost of the above systems can be regarded as taking preventative measures against the risk of future economic loss, and the modeling approach reduces the uncertainties in associated decision making.     

木材加工企业热能源自给问题的探讨

木材工业中干燥耗能与能源紧的矛盾日益突出，国外木材加企业在热能源自给方面技术已趋成熟，实施效果良好，为了增强国内企业节约能源的意识，本文详细测算分析了木材加工企业废料数量关系，提出了变废料为燃料、实现企业热能源自给的设想和依据。     

基于RBF神经网络的高速公路防追尾模型研究

为提高高速公路车辆跟车安全,在常用安全距离算法基础上,结合汽车制动过程分析,提出安全度判别准则的安全控制方法,建立RBF神经网络防追尾模型,讨论RBF网络设计过程中的参数设置,并运用m atlab编程进行训练和仿真,仿真结果表明RBF模型是有效的;同时,模型为高速公路汽车追尾建模提供一种新思路,为汽车预警设计提供理论基础。     

Knife slicing of wood across the grain

Summary This paper investigates a method for slicing thick pieces of wood across the grain using a sharp steel knife, and it demonstrates the effectiveness of the knife slicing process at an experimental level. In order to highlight the key parameters facilitating or hindering the thick slicing process, several factors affecting the cutting forces and the cut surface quality have been studied; the blade geometry, the effect of friction, the cutting speed, the boundary load constraints and the wood moisture content. The results indicate that a large proportion of the cutting force may be related to the wedging action of the blade in the wood. Therefore, significant reductions in the cutting energy can be achieved by optimising the blade shape. A simple homogeneous strain model has been developed which quantifies the cutting forces in terms of the blade angle and the blade surface friction. The results from this theoretical model are compared with the experimental findings and discussed in relation to methods for improving the cutting technique.This work was funded by the Foundation for Research Science and Technology. This support is gratefully acknowledged     

Review of Researches in Terrestrial Ecosystem Services——Theories and Methods

The paper has expounded the intension of ecosystem services, which indicated the effectiveness and environmental condition of survival formed and maintained during the ecosystem process. It has maintained mankind with life supporting system of survival, biology geochemistry circulation and hydrographic circulation, purify environment, balance and stability of atmospheric chemistry. This paper reviews and introduces the development and research of domestic and ecosystem services, as well as the appraising indexes and the methods of economic values assessment. At the same time, the author also put forward the opinion of himself.     

无电解电镀法制备具有电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料

利用无电解电镀的方法制备了导电且具有电磁屏蔽功能的木材-金属复合材料.探讨了镀液用量、施镀时间和施镀温度对复合材料的表面电阻率和电磁屏蔽效能的影响,同时利用能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)和扫描电镜分析(SEM)方法分别测定了不同施镀温度下得到的各镀层的磷含量、微结构和表面形貌.实验结果表明,在镀液使用量为500mL,施镀时间为30min和施镀温度为62℃的最优条件下,所得镀层的导电性和电磁屏蔽效果最佳.而且发现,随着施镀温度的提高,镀层中磷含量缓慢增加.XRD分析表明不同温度所得各镀层的结构均为多晶结构,通过SEM分析,镀层均匀、连续且具有金属光泽,说明在pH值一定的条件下,施镀温度对镀层结构和表面相貌的影响很小.图7表3参11.     

植树挖坑机钻头主轴扭转振动数学建模与求解

介绍国内外机械化植树造林机械发展状况,指出国内植树用挖坑机研究重点,利用空间运动学和机械振动理论以及弹性动力学原理着重分析建立钻头主轴扭转振动模型并用数值方法进行求解,同时系统地分析钻头主轴下端部件与土壤的相互作用力、钻头主轴重力及惯性力等因素的影响,给出动态的准随机边界条件和初始条件.为下一步的钻头动力学特性仿真及整机动态特性研究,合理预测和控制钻头的运动规律,改善钻头的动力学特性,提高钻头工作效率及改进设计方法提供新的理论依据.     

三种杀虫剂对板栗透翅蛾防治研究

本试验选用高效氯氟氰菊酯、啶虫脒和氧化乐果对泰安市徂徕山林场内板栗透翅蛾进行防治。结果表明采用注射法施用3%的啶虫脒乳油防治效果最好,施药15天后平均防效为94.7%,40%氧化乐果乳油的平均防效为91.3%,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油的平均79.6%;直接涂抹药剂比注射法施药防效略低,三种药剂的平均防效分别为93.1%、89.2%、78%。