Development and Apllication of an Intergrated Emergency Lightening System for Water Pollutant Accident Management in the Three Gorges Basin

An integrated water pollution management system for the Three Gorges Reservior Area (TGRA) titled as WPMIS_ER_TGRA was developed as an information based techenical tool for emergency response on water pollutant accident.ArcGIS Engine, a Geographic Information System (GIS) Module Warehouse, was used as programme developing platform, and Visual Basic (VB) as programming language.The mathematical models for hydraulic and water quality simulation were developed and integrated in the system and programmed as a DLL file via VB.WPMIS_ER_TGRA owns a new function of emergency lightening at watershed scale as well as the normal water environmental information management functions.The system was applied for emergency water pollution management by a dummy ship capsizal in Yangtze River.It was found that WPMIS_ER_TGRA could model the transfer and diffusion of the accident pollutants in rivers, quickly forecast the pollution situation and identify the influencing area and their changing with time in a few minutes just after the accident happened.     

Water Environment Carrying Capacity Assessment about Mining Cities in Central Liaoning Province

Blind number theory was used to evaluate water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) in mining cities of central Liaoning Province, P. R. China to prompt the balanced development of water environment with human activity. The research was based on the characteristics of water environment systems with numerous uncertainties such as random, fuzzy, and grey ones which may occur simultaneously or partially in a system. An indicator system for WECCs was established. The indicators were set as blind number and the WECC in mining cities of central Liaoning Province subsequently were calculated. Study results show that from 1997 to 2005, the WECCs in the mining cities Anshan and Fushun of central Liaoning Province were below the safe level, but the WECC in Benxi city was rather safe. By the comparative analysis of a system under uncertainty with that under a condition of certainty, the results of the blind number model regarding WECC was reasonable. This model is well adapted for WECC assessment.     

Coupling Diffusion Simulation of Volatile Pollutant in the Water and Air

Spill of volatile poisons into natural water bodies causes water pollution and then air pollution arises from water pollution because of volatilization. In order to explain the coupling of water pollution and air pollution, the dimensionless Henry constant of volatile poisons was used to establish coupling diffusion model based on compressed VOF method and the double film theory explained for volatilization. A high resolution bounded differencing scheme for arbitrarily unstructured meshes was applied to simulate coupling diffusion of trichloroethylene and tribromoethylene. The simulation results are in good agreement with those from single phase model. The influence of environmental temperature, wind velocity and the dimensionless Henry constant on the mass transfer across gas liquid interface was analysed.     

Hopfield Network Models of Water Quality Evaluation

In this paper, a Hopfield model for complex water quality evaluation is presented using the artificial neural network for water quality evaluation. The model is examined with the practical data of water quality from Fengzui River located at Nanchuan city in Chongqing. The results show that Hopfield network is fit for water quality evaluation.     

Stress wave effect in numerical simulation on rock breaking under high pressure water jet

The evolvement of rock damage struck by a high pressure water jet is characterized by nonlinear properties, thus making it a complicated dynamic problem. Based on a nonlinear finite element and elastic plasticity theory, a computational model was established. The dynamic load striking the rock by a high pressure water jet was simulated by the dynamic contact method. Furthermore, the propagation of a stress wave in the same rock was simulated at different impact velocities. The results show that the propagation velocity of a stress wave is proportional to the impact velocity of the high pressure water jet. The effects of a stress wave in sandstone and coal impacted by high pressure water jets of the same velocity were simulated.The effect of a stress wave in coal was stronger than in sandstone, while the region of propagation of stress wave in coal was smaller.     

Analysis of the Kinetic Theory of Submerged Abrasive Water Jets

Abrasive water jets can incise objects with strong rigidity under water. The analytical means of kinetic theory is optimal for theoretical problems of submerged abrasive water jets. The flow characteristics in submerged abrasive water jets were analyzed based on kinetic theory for multiphase flows. The impact characteristics of every phase in submerged abrasive water jets was analyzed and continuity and momentum equations subsequently were developed for solid, gas and liquids in submerged abrasive water jets. It is shown that if the distributing function of every phase were given, the law of its movement could be ascertained.     

Calculation Method of Water Temperature in the Condition of Heat Rrejection for Lake Water Source Heat Pump Systems

The temperature of water used for surface water source heat pump（WSHP） could make dynamic changes in the condition of heat or cold rejection. When the water temperature is over the amount of heat or cold rejection that water can take, WSHP system will run irregularly even paralyze. Based on two dimensional model of the initial water temperature, dynamic model of water used for WSHP was proposed with mass equation and energy equation. And with flow equation coupled with temperature equation, the equation of water temperature changes in load was obtained.     

Study on Gross Control and Comprehensive Treatment of Urban River according to Fu River in Mianyang District, Sichuan

To provide quantificational instruments of river environmental management and Gross Control Layout of the urban river,in this paper,the water quality actuality was appraised by the standard exponent means,the functional water areas were divided,and the water quality coupling models were established in subsection.Then the water environmental capacity was calculated using VC .Finally,the value of water environmental model was constituted and its capacity was approached.The quantificational gist of the water resource everlasting exploitation and society economy sustainable development in urban river region is provided.     

Research on Sustainable Exploration of the Geothermal Water in Nanwenquan Anticline of Chongqing

The geothermal water of Nanwenquan,Xiaoquan and Qiaokouba is a whole geothermal water system in Nanwenquan anticline of Chongqing.In the past,due to lack of study on sustainable exploration of the geothermal water,the source of geothermal water from Nanwenquan and Xiaoquan was drying up.Now,three enterprises are exploiting the geothermal water in Qiaokouba.There must be a sustainable exploration for the geothermal water,in order to utilize and protect the geothermal water resource.The geothermal water in the three exploiter's areas was quantitatively studied on sustainable exploitation by finite element numerical simulation.The geological mode was generalized and the mathematical model was established.Then,the simulative water level obtained was compared with the actual one,and the mathematical model was identified and adjusted.The right mathematical model has been acquired when the simulative water level obtained was approximate to actual water level.The infiltration of geothermal water was simulated under two schemes of exploitation conditions.An optimum scheme has been obtained by analysis.The maximal yield of exploitation was acquired under sustainable exploitation of the geothermal.     

Analysis of the Temperature Limit of Dynamic Water Intake of Open loop Surface Water Source Heat Pump Systems

Energy consumption of water intake is one of the key factors for energy saving in the application of the open loop surface water heat pump system. An energy efficiency ratio coupling model for open loop surface water source heat pump systems was established on the basis of the energy consumption model for the water intake and the heat pump units. According to energy saving rate and regulation of energy consumption of water intake, dynamic temperature limits of water intake in different water supply temperature of cooling tower and different pump head were proposed so as to find a calculation method of temperature limits of water intake of open loop surface water heat pumps. Moreover, the energy saving rate of surface water source heat pump systems compared with traditional air conditioning systems under various condition was also calculated.     

About the Control of Entrophication Pollution to the Three Gorge Reservoir

Three Gorge reservoir will become a lake like water body which will be faced with the menace from entrophication pollution . Entrophication pollution will cause alga propagation in excess, so that fish and water plant will die largely and may cause the enteron cancer for people. The quiddity of entrophication is the pollution from plant nutriment (N and P etc.). The endure capacity of the water environment to plant nutriment and the development of interrelated technology for water pollution control are the key confining factors for the sustainable development of economy in Chongqing Area.     

A concentration and diffusion model of particulate pollutants in transition room environments

We developed an integral concentration and diffusion model based on the aerosol theory. We studied the representation method and actualization process for pollution substances under stable and unstable status using the integral concentration model. We studied modeling and computing processes based on reflecting and absorbing barriers using the diffusion model. The model we developed can improve understanding of the change and distribution rules of inner pollution particles in transition rooms. Moreover, it provides a reference for environmental quality control and evaluation, and trouble free operation of the laser experimental system.     

Supplying the City of Shenzhen, P. R. China with Water of Differing Quality

The pattern of supplying water of differing quality using sewage recycling,and its implementation as a strategy,are discussed through an analysis of the water shortage situation in the city of Shenzhen,P.R.China. Supplying Shenzhen with water of varying quality is proposed as a concept.The necessity and feasibility of such a water supply pattern are expounded.The pattern of water supply in Shenzhen city consists of a main water supply system and non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling.In addition,the proposal also includes using seawater and rainwater.The non-potable water supply system with sewage recycling would be used primarily in large industrial parks outside the special economic zone and in other areas around the parks.Supplying Shenzhen with water of differing qualities embodies the concepts of sewage reused as a resource and of the recycling economy.This proposal also satisfies the requirement for urban sustainable development.     

Application of Uncertain Model in Urban River Quality Simulation

Owing to the fluctuation of water quality in urban river which polluted by drainage along river, one-dimension uncertain water quality model embeded neural network is established. Genetic algorithms and a modified fitness function are used to optimize parameters of the uncertain model. Examples illustrate that the uncertain model has higher prediction accuracy with the average accuracy over 80% than the certain model, and is more sensitive to the fluctuation of pollutants discharged into the river. The uncertain model has a significant advantage of prediction and could better adapt to the changing urban water environment, especially at points close to the pollution sources.     

Environmental Impact Modeling of Urban Sprawl in Beijing, P. R. China

City expansion is a major driving force altering local and regional hydrology and increasing non point source (NPS) pollution. To explore these environmental consequences of urbanization, long term runoff and NPS pollution were assessed in Beijing, P. R. China. The assessment was based on land use types, soil hydrology, and long term precipitation data. The environmental impact model L THIA was used. The outcomes indicate that the area likely would be subjected to impacts from urbanization on runoff and some types of NPS pollution. Urban sprawl will increase runoff volume considerably and significantly increase losses of COD and certain heavy metals such as Pb, Zn in runoff. The results of this study have significant implications for urban planning and decision making efforts to protect and remediate water and habitat quality in the Beijing area. The techniques described herein can be used in other areas.     

Improved Analysis Hierarchy and Fuzzy Evaluation Model for the Selection of Drinking Water Treatment Process

As the increasingly serious contamination of source water as well as the more stringent water quality standard, the pretreatment and advanced treatment were required for water supply enterprises.To find an appropriate treatment, the traditional approach is normally based on experts' knowledge and their experience which has several shortcomings.In order to find an effective and efficient way coping with the issue during selecting the optimal technologies for water treatments, an improved analysis hierarchy and fuzzy evaluation model was proposed.With the model, multi stage fuzzy synthetic judgment was adopted with the Improved Analysis Hierarchy amended by Accelerating Genetic Algorithm.The application of this model had been introduced for the selection of supply water treatment technologies in a particular waterworks in Chongqing.     

Research on the Method of Water Pollution Control Planning

The definition, history and development process of water pollution control planning are introduced in this paper. The new methods of water pollution control planning based on GIS and ANN technology are introduced as well. At present, the water resources shortage and water environment pollution have restricted the development of the society and economy, so the improvement of the standard of water pollution control will be benefit for the sustainable utilization of the water resources.     

A MODLE OF SYSTEM DYNAMIC FOR URBAN LAND PLANNING

This thesis uses the theory and method of the system dynamics to analyze the characteristics of the urban land planning system and set up the urban land planning system dynamic model, The model could describe the influence and request of factors of the society. economy and environment to the urban planning by using the system, the quantitative and the dynamic methods. By adjusting the parameter and repeating model imitation, the model could provide the possibility of realizing the present land planning and provide the quantitative analysis method for the planning department to make or adjust the land planning, and assist the government department to make decisions.     

Investigation of Cold Water System in Dry Fan-coil Unit

A study was carried out for the appropriate pattern of cold water system and the problems with which should be concerned in dry fan-coil unit air conditioning system. The methods of how to determine the supply water temperature of fan-coil unit and the cold water flow rate were also discussed.     

A Study on Urban Land Structure Optimization Model

As far as the urban land structure is mentioned, it means the distribution of urban land among the different industries of the city. The problem of urban land structure is referred as unreasonable allocation of urban land caused by several factors, including the decision making mechanism of old economy and urban development policies. Different from using Fractal theory, Entropy theory and Functional theory, in this paper, with reference to Dissipative Structure Theory, one dynamic, systematic and historical optimization model of Max f(J_i, X_i) with two parameters of J_i and X_i will mainly be set up. This model can be used for analyzing the key factors determining the optimization of urban land structure.