甜菜胞质雄性不育系与其保持系某些酶活性的差异

以甜菜3个细胞质雄性不育系及其相应保持系为材料,对营养生长阶段叶片中的过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性进行了研究,结果表明：在营养生长阶段的4个时期,保持系中的过氧化物酶和酸性磷酸酯酶活性均高于其相应不育系;过氧化氢酶活性表现为在块根分化形成期,不育系中的活性高于其相应保持系,而在糖分积累期则为保持系高于不育系。     

小麦质不育系花药及雌蕊邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶分析

小麦细胞质雄性不育系、保持系花药三个不同发育时期的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶存在明显差异,不育系中的同工酶谱带数多于保持系.考虑到小麦细胞质雄性不育系的细胞核与保持系相同,但具有与保持系不相同的不育细胞质,故邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶可能与植物的雄性不育特性有某种联系.雌蕊中的邻苯二酚氧化酶同工酶在不育系与保持系间基本相同,这可能与雌蕊中不育系、保持系间的核质组成相同有关,这一事实似乎从另一侧面说明了邻苯二酚氧化酶与不育特性存在着某种联系.     

甜菜细胞质雄性不育相关基因的克隆表达及CMS的相关性研究

已有的研究表明,线粒体atpA基因和orf187片段与作物雄性不育关系密切。为了研究atpA基因和orf187片段与甜菜细胞质雄性不育之间的关系,采用同源序列法分离克隆了甜菜体内atpA和orf187序列;序列分析揭示这2个片段序列在不育系和相应保持系间存在差异,进一步利用半定量RT-PCR和Real-time PCR技术分析了两系的atpA基因和orf187片段的表达情况。结果表明,与保持系相比,atpA在不育系中发生了碱基的置换及插入;orf187在不育系中缺失6个碱基,而在保持系中多了6 bp的重复序列;基因表达分析也显示,不育系atpA在花蕾发育的前2个时期表达量明显低于相应的保持系,而在大花蕾期其表达量又高于相应的保持系;orf187在不育系小花蕾时期表达量明显高于相应的保持系,随着花蕾的发育,该序列在不育系中的表达逐渐减弱并明显低于对应保持系中的表达量。推测atpA和orf187的结构变异及异常表达与甜菜细胞质雄性不育有着密切关系。     

野生稻（O.rufipogon）新胞质改良不育系稻米品质的研究

通过核置换回交，获得一种普通野生稻（O. rufipogon）雄性不育细胞质，称为FA细胞质，育成新质源不育系金农1A。研究表明，FA细胞质不育系与WA和HL不育系的恢保关系不同，野败型的保持系和恢复系、红莲型的保持系和恢复系都可以作为FA细胞质的保持系，而不能成为FA细胞质的恢复系。这是一种新发掘的水稻雄性不育细胞质源。FA细胞质突破了WA和HL细胞质恢保关系的遗传局限，扩大了保持系育种范围，可以用品质优良的栽培品种培育成优质稻米不育系。新质源不育系金农1A不育度高，不育性稳定，农艺性状优良，抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病，开花时间早，稻米12项品质指标全部达到农业部颁发的优质米一级或二级标准，实质性地提高了不育系的稻米品质和综合水平，为培育优质米杂交稻奠定良好的遗传基础。     

甜菜细胞质雄性不育系与其保持系线粒体DNA的RAPD分析

本文对甜菜线粒体DNA的提取方法进行了改进,在不需密度梯度离心条件下即可获得高纯度的DNA。优化了甜菜线粒体的RAPD的反应条件,对细胞质雄性不育甜菜的不育系及其保持系的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)进行了RAPD(随机扩增多态DNA,randomly amplified polymorphic DNA)分析,结果表明：甜菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系线粒体DNA之间存在丰富的多态性。     

甜菜细胞质雄性不育系及保持系叶绿体DNA的RAPD分析

对细胞质雄性不育甜菜的不育系及其保持系的叶绿体DNA(ctDNA)进行了RAPD分析,结果表明：在所选的70个引物中,甜菜细胞质雄性不育系和保持系叶绿体DNA之间不存在差异性。与此同时,对叶绿体DNA的提取方法进行了改进,在不需密度梯度离心条件下即可获得高纯度的DNA;优化了甜菜叶绿体的RAPD的反应条件。     

水稻细胞质雄性不育花药和叶片中的活性氧代谢研究

为探究水稻雄性不育与活性氧代谢的内在关系,以水稻细胞质雄性不育系天丰A及保持系天丰B生殖生长期的花药和叶片为材料,对其O₂^-产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量以及抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT活性的变化进行测定。结果显示：生殖生长期间,不育系花药中O₂^-产生速率、H₂O₂和MDA含量总体高于保持系,抗氧化酶SOD、CAT活性总体低于保持系,而POD活性始终比保持系花药高;不育系与保持系叶片中仅表现出H₂O₂、MDA含量和CAT活性的差异。以上结果综合表明,不育系与可育系活性氧代谢的差异主要存在于花药中,花药发育过程中O₂^-、H₂O₂代谢失调和MDA过量积累以及保护酶活性下降或功能转变可能是导致雄性不育的重要因素。     

双低甘蓝犁杂交油菜青杂5号的特征特性及栽培技术

青海省农林科学院春油菜研究所从引进双低春油菜品种马努中选株与波里马细胞质雄性不育系331A测交，并用亲本与完全不育的后代连续回交4代，获得稳定的PolimaC—MS105A和保持系105B；同时用带有不育胞质的恢复系作母本和双低保持系杂交，对杂交后代进行分离选择，最后选育出农艺性状较好的恢复系1831R；不育系105A和恢复系1831R配制出杂交组合305。2003—2005年该组合参加国家春油菜区域试验和生产试验，，表现高产、优质、抗逆性强。2006年9月14日通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定，定名青杂5号。     

几种小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系的种子高分子量谷蛋白亚基比较研究

为了阐明同核不同细胞质的小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系之间在种子高分子量谷蛋白亚基异同,通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(SDS-PAGE)对T型、Q型、AL型3种小麦雄性不育系及其保持系、恢复系共42个小麦种质系的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)进行分析.结果表明,保持系绵阳92-8与其3个不育系(T A92-8、Q A92-8、AL92-8)在Glu-A 1和Glu-B 1位点上没有明显差异,但在Glu-D 1位点彼此有显著差异.T型、Q型、AL型不育胞质彼此有一定的差异,不育系与其核供体保持系之间是否有差异,主要取决于特定核质互作关系.恢复系和保持系在谷蛋白亚基组成上也存在一定的差异,主要表现在Glu-A 1位点恢复系多数无带,保持系一般有谱带2*；在Glu-B 1位点,恢复系谱带6、8频率高,谱带7频率低,而保持系相反,即谱带6、8频率低,谱带7频率高.此外,在本研究供试材料中保持系有较多的优质亚基组合,而恢复系有较少的优质亚基组合,这说明恢复系品质不够优良,在以后的改良中需要加强品质选育工作.本研究为T型、Q型、AL型不育系的区分提供了一个有效的方法,对小麦胞质雄性不育性的遗传与生理机制研究有一定的意义.     

甘蓝型油菜半矮秆细胞质雄性不育系9162A的选育及应用

利用育性稳定的细胞质不育系9171A的保持系为母本,与半矮秆品系3862Sd进行杂交,其F1再与该保持系回交,将半矮秆基因导入可育胞质保持系中,育成株高为135cm左右的半矮秆保持系,再利用半矮秆保持系与不育系连续回交,于2018年育成不育性稳定的半矮秆细胞质不育系9162A。利用半矮秆细胞质不育系9162A与正常高秆恢配制的新组合株高均为155cm左右,具有半矮秆、抗倒伏、适宜机械化收割的特点。     

油菜细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花蕾发育过程中的多胺代谢

在花蕾发育过程中,不育系花蕾的多胺代谢不同于其保持系。不育系花蕾中腐胺、亚精胺、精胺含量及三者之和均先略降后升高再降低,而其保持系则先降而后升高,在发育早期不育系明显低于其保持系。不育系的精氨酸脱羟酶活性一直下降,而其保持系的则先降后略升,不育系始终低于保持系。保持系的多胺氧化酶一直降低而不育系的先     

辣椒雄性不育系小孢子发育及脯氨酸等含量的研究

对辣椒雄性不育系9601-A和保持系9601-B的小孢子发育过程及其脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、粗蛋白的含量和过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶的活性进行了观察和测定。结果表明，9601-A的雄性败育发生在减数分裂末期Ⅱ阶段，导致败育的主要原因是花药绒毡层细胞的高度液泡化，致使小孢子在发育过程中得不到正常的营养供给而死亡；不育系花药可溶性蛋白和粗蛋白(总蛋白)含量均显著低于其保持系，而过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性则高于其保持系。     

MiR156 and its Target Gene TBCC in Flower Development of Gossypium harknessii Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line and its Maintainer

This study aimed to analyze the expression level and relationship between miR156 and its target gene TBCC (Tubulin binding Cofactor C) in buds of Gossypium at different developmental stage in a cytoplasmic male sterile(CMS) line and its maintainer line, to clone the full-length cDNA of the TBCC gene, and to determine the possible role of the TBCC gene in pollen development. Real-time RT-PCR showed that the expression levels of miR156 gradually increased with the development of pollen between the CMS line and the maintainer line. The expression of GhTBCC was strikingly complementary with the expression of miR156 in the maintainer line, but showed very low expression levels in the CMS line, which demonstrated that TBCC is related to male sterility. The full-length cDNA sequence of TBCC was cloned from the buds of the maintainer line, and the gene was named as GhTBCC. The CDS of GhTBCC is 1713 bp and encodes a predicted protein of 570 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 62.79 kDa. Conserved TBCC and CARP domains were observed in the predicted protein sequence. GhTBCC showed 81 %, 80 %, and 77 % sequence similarity to the TBCC protein sequences of Populous trichocarpa, Ricinus communis, and Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively.     

大白菜新型细胞质雄性不育生理生化机制的研究

以大白菜新型细胞质雄性不育系及其保持系为材料,对花蕾发育全过程中氨基酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量及同工酶谱带进行了动态比较研究。结果表明:不育系花药中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量低于其相应的保持系;其游离氨基酸总量和保持系无明显差异,但不育系的脯氨酸含量显著低于其相应的保持系;不育系花药中MDH,AAT,EST,POD,COD和PPO同工酶谱带与保持系相比存在明显差异。认为不育系花药中结构物质、营养物质、能量物质的亏损,同工酶表达的差异与小孢子败育密切相关。     

Modified complementation test of male sterility mutants in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): preliminary study to convert male sterility system from GMS to CMS

The male sterility system in hybrid seed production can eliminate the cost of emasculation and ensure seed hybridity through avoidance of self pollination. GMS and CMS are two types of male sterility system that currently employed in pepper breeding. Conversion from GMS to CMS will increase the male sterility proportion of female parent from 50 to 100%. In this study, segregation analysis of four male sterile mutants consisting of one CMS mutant (CA1) and three GMS mutants (GA1, GA3 and GA4) showed that each had single recessive gene inheritance. A modified complementation test was performed by replacing male sterile mutants with their maintainer line as male parent. The nuclear restorer gene for CMS was independent of all nuclear restorer genes for GMS and all nuclear restorer genes for GMS were independent each other. Further observation on CMS and GMS male sterility loci revealed that GA1 and GA3 had mutated in both nuclear restorer genes for CMS and GMS, while CA1 and GA4 each carried mutation in single male sterility system of nuclear restorer gene for CMS and GMS, respectively. Conversion from GMS to CMS in the case of lines carried mutations in both sterility systems required only S-type cytoplasm donor, while lines carried mutation in single nuclear restorer gene for GMS required not only S-type cytoplasm but also rf allele donors. The important finding is the broader function of maintainer line in certain male sterility system that can be used as a maintainer or restorer line for other male sterility systems. We also confirmed that line CC1 is the general restorer for both CMS and GMS systems.     

大白菜新型胞质雄性不育系及其保持系花药不同发育时期内源激素动态变化的研究

利用细胞质雄性不育系制种是生产白菜一代杂交种子最经济、有效的途径之一,植物内源激素在植物体内普遍存在,并在植物生长发育的各个阶段起着重要的调节作用。大量的研究结果表明,雄性不育系的营养器官或生殖器官中内源激素含量与保持系不同,雄性败育是花器官尤其是雄蕊中激素不平衡的结果。利用酶联免疫测定技术研究大白菜新型胞质雄性不育系及其保持系不同发育时期花药组织中IAA、GA3、ABA和ZR含量的动态变化,结果表明：在花药发育过程中,不育系花药组织中ABA、m、GA3和ZR含量及ZIVABA比值的变化均出现异常。在第3时期（花营长2．0-3．0mm）,不育系的IAA、GA3和zR含量显著低于保持系,ABA含量显著高于保持系,ZR／ABA比值低于保持系。这一时期正好是不育系小孢子明显败育的时期。由此认为,该时期不育系花药组织中激素含量的变化及平衡的破坏可能影响了小孢子的正常发育,引起小孢子败育,导致大白菜的雄性不育。     

Assessment of purity of rice CMS lines using cpDNA marker

AFLP technique was used to analyse the polymorphism between rice cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line Jin2A and its maintainer Jin2B. A stable differential band was discovered, and sequence analysis showed that Jin2A contained a more tandem repeat of 6 base pairs (AGAAAA) than Jin2B. Further studies confirmed that the diversity came from cpDNA and occurred at three kinds of abortive cytoplasmic genotypes. Accordingly, specific primers were designed and utilized to assess the purity of rice CMS lines during multiplication with pollen fertility and seed setting rates of bagged panicles as control. The result indicated that this cpDNA locus could be utilized to precisely distinguish maintainer plants from rice CMS lines. PCR analysis was consistent with that from Grow-out test in CMS line seed purity assessment during multiplication, despite it was helpless in distinguishing F₁ hybrids from CMS lines due to similar cytoplasms. Because of fewer hybrid and more maintainer off-plants, this cpDNA locus was still appropriate for seed purity assessment of rice CMS line during multiplication. This is first report that a marker on cpDNA could be utilized to assess the genetic purity of rice CMS lines with three abortive cytoplasmic genotypes.