PAHs formation mechanism during Combustion Process of Diesel Engines

Based on the diesel surrogate fuel (n-heptane and toluene), we develop a new kinetic mechanism of diesel surrogate fuel included polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) formation and growth of up to five aromatic rings. The new mechanism included 153 species and 697 reactions. We compare it with various experimental data available in the literature including shock tube, n-heptane premixed flames and homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine, and the results show the good performance for HCCI combustion prediction by this new mechanism. The presented mechanism can be used as the basis for further reductions and applied the combustion and emission simulation by coupling chemical reaction kinetics model with computational fluid dynamics model in internal combustion engines.     

Carbonyl Emission Influenced by Combustion Process of Diesel Engine

The bench test of diesel engine is conducted fueled with biodiesel, diesel and blending fuel, the changes of cylinder pressure with crank angle is also measured, combined with the measurement results of carbonyl emissions, the theoretical relationship between combustion process and carbonyl formation is analyzed. The results show that, combustion intermediates such as C7, C5, CO and C2H2 are produced in the fuel oxidation process during the premixed combustion phase. The diffusion combustion period extend with the increase of load, and it is the main stage of re-oxidation and decomposition for the intermediate products, the cylinder temperature and pressure increase with the increase of load, while the ignition delay period is shortened, the probability of oxidation and conversion for carbonyl pollutants improve because of the extended residence time in the high-temperature and high pressure region, the high exhaust temperature in high load is conducive to the re-oxidation of carbonyl emissions.     

Analysis of the characteristic on HCCI autoignition and combustion process of diisobutylene

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) characteristics of diisobutylene are studied numerically. Numerical results are in accord with the corresponding experimental data. The influence of some key parameters such as initial pressure, equivalence ratio and constituent on autoignition characteristics is discussed and combustion characteristics of diisobutylene in HCCI engine are analyzed. The results indicate that the ignition delay decreases with the increase of pressure and equivalence ratio. The maximum temperature increases with the rise of equivalence ratio, but it does not change with the variation of initial pressure. The 1 pentene isomer ignites significantly faster than the 2 pentene isomer and the ignition delay for the blend directly depends on the proportions of each isomer. It can be found that diisobutylene shows the single stage autoignition. The maximum heat production rate of the 2 pentene is lower than that of 1 pentene, but the 2 pentene still provides good power performance.     

Numerical study on the characteristics of HCCIcombustion process of primary reference fuels

The combustion process of HCCI engine fueled by primary reference fuels is simulated using the CHEMKIN software, and the results are compared with a combustion experiment of a HCCI engine. The cluthors study the influence of various factors, including fuel composition, compression ratio, equivalence ratio, initial temperature and initial pressure, on HCCI engine fueled with PRF. The results indicate that the ignition delay increases along with the increase of the octane number. The initial temperature, initial pressure, compression ratio, equivalence ratio have significant effects on the ignition timing. The operating range of the combustion on HCCI engine is limited.     

Research of the Ignition Timing System for Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle

Compared to bi-fuel engine,it uses completely CNG(Compressed nature gas) to replace diesel which can save more oil fuel than bi-fuel engine that reffited diesel engine into CNG engine. A 4102 diesel engine is refitted into CNG engine and a mechanical ignition timing system is designed by the method of gear and belt. The principles and the construction of the system is introduced and the characteristics of the design is analyzed. The system performed well and had good liability when run in a platform. Compared with the previous one, it kept higher dynamic character and emitted lower. It is a cheap one and can be use to reform the diesel engines.     

A New Method of Diesel Engine Fuel System Fault Diagnosis

A method of diesel engine fuel system fault diagnosis based on wavelet transform and fuzzy C-means clustering is presented. Five characteristic parameters of reflecting fault state are distilled with wavelet transform of pressure wave of high-pressure oil pipe of diesel. The theory and generic approach of fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm (FCM) is given, and the validity of evaluating fuzzy clustering making use of partition coefficient, partition entropy and parting coefficient is pointed out. Identification of fault mode can be completed utilizing standard fault character modes established by FCM algorithm, and calculating and comparing the similarity degree between this standard mode and sample. The arithmetic is applied to all kinds of typical faults diagnose in the diesel engine fuel system. Measuring results indicate that the precision of fault diagnosis is increased with the analysis of wavelet and FCM.     

A high pressure fuel injection system of a 4JB1 diesel engine

A fuel system evaluation method was introduced to select the proper high pressure injection system for diesel engines. Using this method, the second generation common rail system of BOSCH Company was selected for use in the 4JB1 diesel engine. Based on this common rail system, a fuel supplying model was built using AMESim. The model included a high pressure pump sub module, a pressure control valve sub module, an injectors sub module, and a connecting pipes sub module. Through model simulation, the influences of parameters (e.g., rail volume, high pressure pipe length and diameter) on pressure fluctuations and pressure building were studied. Rail pipe system parameters were selected based on simulation results. Experimental results show the rail pipe parameters could satisfy the needs of rapid pressure response and low pressure fluctuations for common rail diesel engines.     

智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机在烟叶烘烤中的应用效果研究

为了实现烟叶烘烤环节减工降本,利用生物质颗粒燃料代替煤炭作燃料,采用智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机,对密集式烤房进行简单改造,与普通密集式烤房做烟叶烘烤对比试验。通过分别装烤同一生长地、同一品种、生长正常、叶片部位相同、成熟度基本一致的鲜烟叶进行烘烤对比,同时选择同一烘烤工艺;以烘烤时间、能耗成本、烟叶外观质量为研究指标,评价烟叶烘烤效果。结果表明,采用新型生物质燃料热风炉供热烤房在烘烤管理时间上节省21.7 h,燃料成本比煤多出188.72元/烤,耗电成本节省了16.06元/烤,人工成本节省216元/烤,上中等烟比例提高了3.01个百分点,均价提高了0.77元/斤。智能生物颗粒燃料燃烧机供热点火简单,自动进燃料,燃烧完全彻底,省去了烘烤加煤、出渣等繁琐费力劳动,管理方便,易清理维护,一定程度上提高烟叶外观质量和内在品质,同时降低了对环境的污染。     

甲醇/柴油混合燃料的应用研究

本实验主要采取新的乳化工艺,将柴油、甲醇和水混合,按选定的配比方案研制混合燃料,在X195柴油机上进行试验,获得了较好的负荷特性,热效率有所提高,中、高负荷时耗油率显著下降,平均节油率达9.5%,烟度降低率25.6%以上,具有良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Influence analysis of fuel quality on engine emission performance

Quality, composition, and characteristics of fuel from 7 areas of P. R. China were analyzed. Fuel quality factors influencing engine emission performance were studied. Using fuel from the HuaZhong and XiNan areas, engine COx, HC, and NOx emissions were tested by adjusting the excess air coefficient and the advanced ignition angle. In light of the characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon and alkenes of fuel from different areas in P. R. China, we have shown engines can operate smoothly and engine emissions can be decreased when the excess air coefficient and the advanced ignition angle are properly adjusted.     

基于台架试验的渔船柴油机履行新排放标准探讨

环保部2016年发布了GB 15097—2016《船舶发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法（中国第一、二阶段）》,该标准相较于《渔业船舶法定检验技术规则（船长大于或等于12 m国内海洋渔业船舶2017）》的要求增加了一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、颗粒物3个控制项目,氮氧化物的排放限值也明显提高。为获知当前中国主流渔船柴油机排放的技术现状、了解履行新标准的差距,对2种典型的渔船柴油机进行了排放污染物测试试验和劣化试验验证。试验结果显示：典型渔船柴油机可满足新标准一阶段的要求,但距离二阶段要求有较大差距。其中颗粒物的排放超出二阶段限值25%~53%。通过两型柴油机试验数据的对比分析发现,燃油喷射方式是改善颗粒物排放和有效降低柴油机劣化程度的关键因素。针对渔船柴油机如何更好的履行二阶段排放要求给出建议：推迟新标准二阶段生效;鼓励研发新产品,促进先进技术引进;控制实船使用燃油质量,提高渔民的环保意识;加强实船监管力度。     

DNS比色法测定土壤蔗糖酶的检测条件选择

为了准确测定土壤蔗糖酶含量,比较分析了不同波长、显色剂加入量、甲苯加入量、加热时间、显色稳定时间等条件对3,5-二硝基水杨酸(3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, DNS)比色法测定土壤蔗糖酶含量的影响。结果表明,当波长为510 nm,显色剂用量为1.5 ml,甲苯加入量0.1 ml,显色反应的水浴时间5 min,待测液存放时间小于4 h,显色稳定时间在0.5-2 h之间时,标准曲线在0.25-2mg范围内线性良好(R2=0.9991),土壤蔗糖酶含量的变异系数(CV)小于9%,回收率在96%~109%范围内,检测结果的精密度和准确性较高。上述检测方法安全、经济、高效,适用于实验室批量土壤的蔗糖酶含量测定。     

Effects of fuel injection and intake parameters on low temperature combustion

The effects of fuel injection and intake parameters on low temperature combustion are investigated using CFD modeling in the present study. With the increase of injection pressure or decrease of nozzle hole diameter:the maximum in-cylinder pressure and temperature increase. Heat release from premixed combustion increases at the same oxygen concentration and oxygen concentration that obvious premixed combustion appears increases. As to emissions, soot emission decreases because of the improvement of mixing of fuel and air and NOx emission increases because the increase of local temperature in the cylinder. With the increase of intake pressure:the maximum cylinder pressure increases but the maximum cylinder temperature decreases. The ignition timing advances at the same oxygen concentration. The combustion efficiency increases. As to emissions, both soot and NOx emissions decrease.     

Experimental Study on Enhancing Dynamic Performance of NGV Engine by Using Oxygen-rich Air

NGV engine adopts the fuel supply method of premixing natural gas and air in the premixing chamber out of cylinder, which results in the engine dynamic performances decline. It is an obstacle to popularizing and applying NGV. Using air rich in oxygen to support combustion can decrease ignition point of the fuel, enhance combustion efficiency and make much more heat available. The dynamic perfonnances and fuel consumption rate of a NGV engine with different oxygen concentration are researched in detail. The results show that the increase of oxygen concentration has remarkable influence on the dynamic performances of NGV engine. Power and Torque performances increase and fuel consumption rate decreases when oxygen concentration of premixed gas increases. The results of theory analysis and experiment research indicate that combustion-supporting using oxygen-rich air can enhance the dynamic performances of NGV engine.     

Investigation on the Stabilization of Flame and Control of Fuel-oil Splitting Decomposition Spray by Anti-flow

On the basis of trial and theory, this paper advances an effective preventive measure to solve the problem of producing black smoke during fuel oil thermolysis and polluting the atmosphere in the process of combustion. It provides valuable references to protect the environment,save energy and solve the problem of clean combustion of high-hydrocarbon fuel, especially fuel oils such as kerosene, diesel oil, heavy oil etc.     

分光光度法测定水中柴油的研究

为了探索一种检测水中柴油的简单、可靠而适用的测定方法,笔者通过向去离子水中添加柴油的回收率试验,研究利用紫外分光光度法测定水中柴油。本研究考查了柴油的最佳紫外吸收光谱条件、不同溶剂的提取效率、不同震荡时间的提取效果以及最佳的溶剂提取量等关键参数,结果表明：在最佳实验条件下,测定水溶液中的柴油回收率在90%~120%之间,平行间变异系数小于10%,回收率试验效果较好。     

蟠桃果醋生产工艺的研究

以蟠桃原浆为原料,采用液态发酵工艺进行酒精发酵和醋酸发酵。分析了发酵时间、发酵温度、初始糖度对酒精发酵的影响,以及发酵时间、发酵温度、初始酒精度对醋酸发酵的影响。试验结果表明,酒精发酵的最佳工艺条件为:发酵时间6 d,发酵温度29℃,初始糖度12%,此条件下酒精体积分数为6.5%。醋酸发酵的最佳工艺条件为:发酵时间6 d,发酵温度30℃,初始酒精体积分数为6.5%,此条件下总酸质量浓度为4.6 g/100 mL。     

冷等离子体结合气调包装对杨梅贮藏品质的影响

以云南东魁鲜杨梅为试验材料,以未进行冷等离子体处理和气调包装处理的杨梅果实为对照,分别采用单独冷等离子体、单独气调包装及冷等离子体结合气调对杨梅进行处理,探究冷等离子体结合气调包装处理对杨梅贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体结合气调包装处理可显著降低杨梅果实初始菌落数,贮藏期间能较好地抑制菌落总数的增长,对杨梅色泽无明显影响,能显著延缓可溶性固形物含量的下降,保持较高的好果率;其还可抑制杨梅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的下降,延缓果实的氧化损伤和品质劣变;冷等离子体结合气调包装处理时,冷等离子体处理时间越长,保鲜效果越好。该研究可为杨梅的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考。     

The optical isolation method of suppressing electromagnetic interference of automotive ignition system

Electromagnetic radiation, which is caused by the engine ignition system, is the most powerful electromagnetic interference (EMI) source in the vehicles, as well as the main reason of most electronic control unit (ECU) malfunction. In order to reduce interference from ignition noise on ECU, we use optical isolation technology to isolate electrical connections between the interference source and the control circuit. The formation mechanism of the ignition system EMI is analyzed. The possibility of suppressing ignition system EMI with optical isolation technology is discussed. Then, as a result we design an experimental platform of suppressing ignition system EMI. The experimental results show that the effect of suppressing ignition noise, in 20~100 MHz frequency band, is obvious after applying optical isolation circuit. It can address the issue of automotive EMC.     

鸭胚胎代用蛋壳培养的研究

采用两种方法进行了鸭胚胎代用蛋壳培养,旨在提高出雏率。方法Ⅰ将新鲜种蛋的胚胎转移至代用蛋壳Ⅰ内培养,72h后转移至代用蛋壳Ⅱ内培养至出雏。方法Ⅱ将正常孵化72h后的胚胎转移至代用蛋壳Ⅱ后培养至出雏。方法Ⅰ组出雏率为19.2%(10/52);方法Ⅱ组出雏率为40.4%(21/52)。从第6天到出雏同一日龄胚胎存活率方法Ⅰ组显著低于方法Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。第16天到出雏同一日龄胚胎存活率方法Ⅱ组显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结果表明方法Ⅰ和方法Ⅱ两种方法均能获得雏鸭,方法Ⅱ优于方法Ⅰ。