Estimation of the standardized ileal digestible lysine requirement for primiparous pregnant sows

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) level in diets fed to primiparous sows during gestation. A total of 150 (Landrace × Large White) crossbred gilts (weighing 149.9 ± 3.1 kg) were fed gestation diets (12.55 MJ of ME/kg) containing SID Lys levels of 0.43, 0.52, 0.60, 0.70 or 0.80% respectively. Gilts were fed 2.0 kg/day from day 1 to 80 and 3.0 kg/day from day 80 to 110 of gestation respectively. Gilts were allocated to treatments based on their body weight on the day of breeding. Weight gain from day 80 to 110 increased with increasing dietary SID Lys levels (p = 0.044). Fitted broken‐line (p = 0.031) and quadratic plot (p = 0.047) analysis of body weight gain indicated that the optimal SID Lys level for primiparous sows was 0.70 and 0.69% respectively. During gestation, neither backfat thickness nor loin eye area was affected by dietary SID Lys level. Increasing dietary Lys had no effect on the litter size at birth or pigs born alive per litter. Litter weight at birth was not affected by dietary SID Lys level. The litter weight variation at birth quadratically decreased with increasing dietary SID Lys (p = 0.021) and was minimized at 0.70% dietary SID Lys. Gilts fed the 0.70% SID Lys diet had the highest dry matter (p = 0.031) and protein (p = 0.044) content in colostrum. On day 110 of gestation, gilts fed the 0.70% SID Lys diet tended to have the highest serum prolactin (p = 0.085) and serum insulin (p = 0.074) levels. The data demonstrate that the optimal dietary SID Lys was 0.70% for pregnant gilts, which is similar to the recommendation of 0.69% that was estimated by the NRC (2012).     

日粮多不饱和脂肪酸对猪繁殖性能的影响

本文主要从多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的来源、合成途径、作用机理及使用效果等方面阐述了多不饱和脂肪酸影响猪繁殖性能的研究进展。     

日粮代谢能水平对母猪生理状态及繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在研究不同代谢能水平日粮对妊娠和哺乳期母猪生理状态、繁殖性能及血清生化指标的影响.试验将60头妊娠28 d、平均体重为(131.96±0.52)kg的头胎二元母猪随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头.T1～T3组妊娠母猪分别饲喂代谢能水平为3150、3250和3350 kcal/kg的日粮,粗蛋白质水平均为...     

霉菌毒素污染日粮对后备母猪生长性能、养分消化及血液指标的影响

文章旨在评估呕吐毒素污染的玉米对后备猪生长性能、养分消化及血液指标的影响.试验选择平均初始体重为(33.77±0.23)kg的二元后备猪320头,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复20头.对照组饲喂正常玉米～豆粕型日粮,处理组饲喂分别用100、200和300?g/kg呕吐毒素污染的玉米替代正常玉米配制日粮,试验共进行...     

日粮能量对初情期前母猪外周血清FSH、LH释放的影响

选杜长大三元杂交母猪24头(140日龄)分3个组,高能组、中能组、低能组。试验处理20 d,每5 d采血1次,离心,-20℃冰箱储存,然后放射免疫分析(RIA)。结果表明:外周血浆FSH、LH浓度在不同日粮能量水平饲养后,高能组急剧上升,到第10天达到高峰,然后逐渐下降,在处理第20天接近恢复试验前水平。低能组缓慢降低,第10天到最低点,然后逐渐恢复,在处理第20天接近恢复试验前水平。外周血浆FSH、LH浓度在高能组与低能组于处理第5天差异显著(P<0.05),第10天差异极显著(P<0.01),说明能量通过下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴影响初情期前母猪生殖机能。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance,milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows

Twenty‐four multiparous sows were used to investigate the effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance, milk compositions, blood metabolites and hormones during lactation. The sows were randomly assigned to four treatments and each treatment had six replicates (sows). The diets were added with 0%, 1%, 3% or 5% glucose at the expense of corn and fed to sows for 24 days. The loss of backfat thickness during lactation was quadratically decreased (p = 0.008) and the wean‐to‐oestrus interval was shortened (linear, p = 0.013; quadratic, p = 0.009) with increasing levels of dietary glucose supplementation. The reproductive performance was not affected (p > 0.05) by different dietary glucose contents. Increased concentrations of total solid and fat in milk were noted (p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference on colostrum compositions. With increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.004) and glucose (p = 0.029) were linearly increased at weaning. The concentrations of insulin were increased at post‐farrowing (linear, p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.013) and weaning (linear, p = 0.029; quadratic, p = 0.017), respectively. Furthermore, the pulses of insulin and FSH at weaning were linearly (p = 0.049) and quadratically (p = 0.015) increased with the increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion. In conclusion, this study indicated that inclusion of 3% glucose in lactating diet could reduce backfat loss, increase milk fat and have no negative effect on reproductive performance in multiparous sows.     

日粮能量水平对母羊繁殖性能影响的研究进展

能量是影响母羊繁殖性能的重要因素之一.满足母羊不同时期的能量需求是提高母羊生产效益的重要措施,对保证母羊繁殖和羔羊健康生长有重要意义.能量主要通过下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴来影响母羊的繁殖性能.文章综述不同能量水平对母羊的发情、胚胎发育、泌乳和羔羊生长的影响,以期为母羊合理的日粮能量水平提供依据.     

Effects of two commercial European modified-live vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in pregnant gilts

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of two currently available commercial European-type modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in a reproductive pig model. Sixteen 90-day pregnant gilts were divided into four groups and allocated to one of the following intranasal treatments: group A gilts served as negative controls; group B gilts were exposed to a virulent European field strain; group C gilts were exposed to vaccine strain VP046 Bis and group D gilts to vaccine strain All-183. The results indicated that MLV strains can replicate in breeding animals and have the ability to cross the placenta. In particular, viraemia was detected in all gilts in group C and 2/4 gilts in group D, at least at one time point. In addition, transplacental infection was demonstrated in 3/4 gilts in group C and 2/4 gilts in group D. However, congenital and early postnatal infection did not have a marked detrimental effect on piglet performance when compared to negative controls, and no statistically significant differences were observed in most cases. Conversely, the reproductive performance of gilts in group B was significantly worse than that of the other groups. Specifically, the number of born-alive piglets, the survival rate of piglets during lactation and the mean weight of weaned pigs were significantly lower. It was concluded that the two commercial European-type MLV vaccines tested had no marked detrimental effects in pregnant gilts, although the MLV strains can cross the placenta leading to the birth of congenitally infected piglets.     

复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响

通过在怀孕后期和哺乳期母猪日粮中添加不同水平的硫酸亚铁和复合有机铁,以及肌注铁与否来考察复合有机铁对母猪繁殖性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明,与无机铁相比,母猪饲粮中添加复合有机铁可提高母猪产活仔率和断奶仔猪存活率,提高仔猪10日龄、21日龄体重;综合铁源、铁水平以及肌注补铁的效应,添加120 mg/kg复合有机铁,同时仔猪均辅以肌注补铁,可显著提高仔猪肌注7日龄和断奶时体重(P<0.05)。     

Effects of lighting intensity on growth and reproductive performance of breeder geese

This study investigated the effects of lighting intensity on egg production among white Roman geese kept in an environmentally controlled house. Two hundred and fifty-two White Roman geese aged 10 mo were randomly distributed among 12 pens, with each pen containing 5 ganders and 16 females on the floor, based on a completely random design (CRD). At the beginning of the study, each treatment group was comprised of 5 ganders and 16 geese in each pen; these groups included: control (40 lux group), geese under 170 lux (170 lux group), geese under 300 lux (300 lux group), and geese under 430 lux (430 lux group). The age of the geese at first lay was 10 mo, on average. The results showed that geese under 40 lux in egg number per goose or laying rate had lower than those of the 430 lux group. The reproductive characteristics were no different for the 170 lux, 300 lux, or 430 lux light groups. The hatchability in the 170 lux light group was significantly higher than in the 40 lux light group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the egg weight in the 170 lux and 430 lux groups was significantly heavier than the 40 lux light group (P < 0.05). Therefore, if lighting intensity supplementation of lux is defined as X (lux/geese), and egg number production is defined as Y₄ (egg), then Y₄ = 35.7 + 0.46X-0.002X²+0.00000296X³ (R² = 0.868, P < 0.001) for the entire experimental period. In conclusion, geese raised under 170 lux lighting intensity in an environmentally controlled house achieved higher hatchability and egg weight during the laying season.     

复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响

试验通过研究复合微生态制剂对母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能及仔黑豚生长性能的影响,以期为复合微生态制剂在黑豚养殖生产中的推广应用奠定基础。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,将40对种黑豚随机分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组4个处理组,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0g/kg复合微生态制剂的日粮,试验结束测定平均产仔数、平均活仔数、平均活仔率、仔黑豚初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、料乳比、仔黑豚平均日增重、仔黑豚平均成活率等指标。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组的料乳比较对照组降低3.40%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高19.44%、19.87%、2.82%、28.80%、21.21%、4.05%、18.01%(P<0.05),料乳比较对照组降低5.97%(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均活仔数、平均活仔率、初生平均重、泌乳力、总耗料量、平均日增重、平均成活率较对照组分别提高22.22%、19.23%、2.77%、26.91%、19.48%、3.81%、15.12%,料乳比较对照组降低5.88%(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ组之间,各检测指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上,复合微生态制剂可显著提高母黑豚繁殖性能、泌乳性能和仔黑豚生长性能,其最适添加剂量为1.0g/kg。     

日粮补充苹果渣或有机矿对鹅生产性能、蛋品质及繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮单独添加苹果渣或补充苹果渣和有机微量元素对鹅生产、繁殖性能及蛋品质的影响.试验将产蛋期的360只鹅随机分为3组,每组120只(30只/重复),对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别饲喂苹果渣日粮和苹果渣+有机微量元素日粮,试验持续14周.结果:苹果渣补充或不补充有机矿较对照组显著提高了孵化率和仔鹅存活率(P<...     

不同粗纤维水平日粮对妊娠母猪生殖激素水平的影响

为研究不同粗纤维水平日粮对妊娠母猪生殖激素水平的影响,选用30头胎次、配种时间及体况均相近的经产PIC配套系父母代母猪,随机分成5组,妊娠期间分别饲喂含3%、5%、7%、9%和11%的苜蓿草粉粗纤维日粮,通过调节各组的饲喂量,使其所摄入的能量、蛋白、钙、磷等水平基本一致。3%为对照组,日粮中不另加粗纤维。研究结果显示:提高日粮中粗纤维水平会降低妊娠各阶段母猪雌二醇的浓度,但增加妊娠后期孕酮和催乳素的浓度,且当日粮中粗纤维含量达到9%时效果最佳。     

大豆加工废弃物对徐淮白山羊生产和繁殖性能的影响

本研究开展2个试验,旨在评估用大豆加工废弃物饲喂徐淮白山云对其生产和繁殖性能的影响.试验1选择平均初始体重为(12.39±0.16)kg的徐淮白山羊36头,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头,每天分别提供的大豆加工废弃物量为体重的0.4％、0.8％和1.6％,试验为期19周.试验2选择妊娠1?d、平均体重为(19...     

Effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows

This study evaluated the effects of different gestation housing types on reproductive performance of sows. A total of 60 sows (218 ± 24 kg body weight) with mixed parity were used. During gestation, 28 sows were housed in groups with electronic sow feeders (space allowance = 1.26 m²/sow) and 32 sows were housed in individual stalls (space allowance = 1.20 m²/sow). Sows from both housing types were moved to farrowing crates on day 109 of gestation and stayed until weaning (18 days post‐farrowing). Typical corn‐soybean meal diets were provided to sows during gestation and lactation. Measurements were reproductive performance of sows at farrowing as well as performance of sows and their litter during lactation. Similar total numbers of piglets born at farrowing were observed for sows gestated in both housing types. However, group‐housed gestation sows had more mummies (0.321 vs. 0.064; P < 0.05) and stillbirths (0.893 vs. 0.469; P = 0.073) at farrowing than individual‐housed gestation sows. Consequently, individual‐housing type had higher percentage of piglets born alive (95.5 vs. 90.4%; P < 0.05) than the group‐housing type. Therefore, improved reproductive performance of sows from individual gestating housing was confirmed in this study.     

日粮n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响

n-3多不饱和脂肪酸作为一种重要的营养物质,能影响家畜繁殖性能。本文主要从n-3多不饱和脂肪酸作用机理、使用效果等方面阐述n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响。     

Effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene on reproductive performance in gilts

The effects of vitamin A and beta-carotene on various reproductive parameters were examined in 108 crossbred gilts. Gilts were fed a diet free of vitamin A and beta-carotene for 5 wk, then assigned to one of eight treatments. Statistical comparisons were performed on three sub-groupings of these treatments as follows: (1) DEFICIENT (received 2,100 IU of vitamin A X head-1 X d-1, (2) FED (received dietary supplementation of 0, 2,100 or 12,300 IU vitamin A and (or) 0, 32.6 or 65.2 mg beta-carotene X head-1 X d-1) or (3) INJECTED (received injection supplementation of 0 or 12,300 IU vitamin A and 32.6 mg beta-carotene X head-1 X d-1, administered once weekly). Gilts remained on treatment through weaning of litters at 21 d postpartum. Plasma vitamin A and beta-carotene levels were greatly elevated in INJECTED gilts. Concentrations of these compounds in plasma were similar between DEFICIENT and FED gilts. There was no treatment difference in number of corpora lutea/gilt. Embryonic mortality was lowest (P less than .01 to .02) in INJECTED gilts (14 +/- 3%) compared with DEFICIENT (29 +/- 5%) or FED (25 +/- 3%) gilts. Baby pig mortality averaged 6 +/- 1% and was not different among treatments. INJECTED gilts had more (P less than .05 to .01) piglets/litter at birth and at weaning (9.5 +/- .3 and 9.0 +/- .3 piglets/litter, respectively) than DEFICIENT (7.9 +/- .5 and 7.6 +/- .5 piglets/litter) or FED gilts (8.7 +/- .3 and 8.1 +/- .3 piglets/litter).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

繁殖营养素对西杂母牛繁殖性能、产后健康及犊牛生长性能的影响

摘要：［目的］探究繁殖营养素对西门塔尔杂交母牛繁殖性能、产后健康及犊牛生长性能的影响。［方法］试验对33头390kg左右妊娠8-9月的初配西门塔尔杂交母牛饲喂不同添加量的繁殖营养,对母牛繁殖性能、产后健康及犊牛生长性能的数据进行分析。［结果］饲喂10g/(头·d)繁殖营养素母牛人工助产率较对照组大幅降低,且犊牛成活率提高,犊牛发病率减少。第一次发情时间提前7.42d,且受胎率也有所提高;饲喂10g/(头·d)繁殖营养素大幅度降低了母牛胎衣不下、子宫炎和乳房炎疾病的发病率;添加了10g/(头·d)繁殖营养素组的犊牛从出生到产后3月龄,其体重和体尺都有不同程度提高。［结论］母牛日粮中添加10g/(头·d)繁殖营养素能提高母牛繁殖性能、降低母牛产后疾病的发生率以及一定程度上提高犊牛的生长性能。     

Effects of postweaning dietary energy source on reproductive traits in primiparous sows

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of major dietary energy source fed from weaning to ovulation or from ovulation to d 35 of pregnancy on reproductive traits in primiparous sows. Dietary energy sources were used to manipulate the plasma insulin concentration. One hundred thirteen sows were used in a split-plot design. From weaning to ovulation sows were fed at two times maintenance either a diet with tallow (Fat) or maize starch plus dextrose (Starch) as the major energy source. From ovulation onward, sows within each dietary group were alternately reassigned to either the Fat or the Starch diet and were fed at 1.25 times maintenance. Estrus detection was performed three times a day from d 3 to 9 after weaning and sows were inseminated each day of standing estrus. On d 35 of pregnancy, the sows were slaughtered and their reproductive tracts were removed. Plasma insulin concentration was higher in sows fed the Starch-rich diet than in sows fed the Fat-rich diet on d 4 after weaning (1.30 vs 0.97 ng/mL, P = 0.08) and on d 32 of pregnancy (1.20 vs 0.51 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Plasma glucose and IGF-I concentration on d 4 after weaning and d 32 of pregnancy did not differ between sows on the two dietary energy sources. The percentage of sows exhibiting estrus within 9 d after weaning was 52 and 67% for the Fat and Starch diet before ovulation, respectively (P = 0.11), whereas the weaning-to-estrus interval was 134 vs 123 h, respectively (P = 0.12). Survival analysis showed that sows fed the Fat-rich diet had a 1.6 times higher risk to remain anestrous until d 9 after weaning than sows fed the Starch-rich diet (P = 0.04). No effect of dietary energy source, either before or after ovulation, on uterine, placental, or embryonal development on d 35 of pregnancy was found. It can be concluded that the dietary energy source provided after weaning can affect the risk of sows to remain anestrous but does not affect uterine, placental, or embryonic traits.