不同添加水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响

为探讨饲料中添加不同水平的紫花苜蓿草粉对育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率的影响,采用单因素设计试验,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪120头,随机分成4组,每个组3个重复,每个重复10头。1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加2.0%、4.0%、8.0%紫花苜蓿草粉,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。试验期间测定育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率。结果表明:(1)试验2、3、4组猪只的平均日采食量均高于1组(P > 0.05),试验2、3组平均日增重较1组分别提高9.84%、12.05%(P < 0.05),料重比分别降低4.33%、6.50%(P < 0.05);(2)试验2、3、4组干物质、粗灰分表观消化率均高于1组(P > 0.05),试验2、3组总能较1组分别提高5.46%、5.85%(P < 0.05),试验2、3组粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的表观消化率较1组分别提高7.24%、9.11%、6.50%、7.20%(P < 0.05)。综上,紫花苜蓿草粉可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和养分表观消化率,并以4.0%添加较为适宜。     

不同能量水平日粮对深县猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响

为了研究不同消化能水平日粮对深县猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响,选用体重(15. 54±2. 25) kg的健康深县猪48头,随机分成3组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头猪,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组饲粮消化能水平分别为11. 20、11. 70、12. 20 MJ/kg,预试期7 d,正式期28 d。结果显示:试验Ⅲ组的平均日增重显著高于试验Ⅰ组15. 56%(P<0. 05),试验Ⅲ组的料重比(F/G)显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0. 05);试验Ⅲ组粗蛋白、总能与粗脂肪表观消化率均显著高于试验Ⅰ组9. 89%、7. 29%、7. 21%(P<0. 05)。综合各项指标,在本试验条件下,生长期深县猪适宜的消化能水平为12. 20 MJ/kg。     

Effects of dietary supplemental phytoncide instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,and faecal microflora in growing pigs

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of phytoncide (PTC) instead of zinc oxide on growth performance, blood profile, nutrient digestibility and faecal microflora in growing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] with initial body weight 24.48 ± 1.62 kg were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments for a 6 weeks feeding trials, the treatments as follow: CON (base diet),ZO (CON + 0.03% Zinc Oxide), PTC1 (CON + 0.5% PTC), PTC2 (CON + 1.0% PTC). Compared to basal diet, during weeks 1–3, 3–6, and overall experimental period, the ADG of growing pigs fed phytoncide diet trend to be increased, and fed ZO diet was significantly increased (p < 0.05). During weeks 3–6 and overall experiment period, pigs fed the ZO diet showed improvement in feed intake compared to pigs fed basal diet as a trend. Compared with basal diet, the pigs receiving phytoncide diet significantly increased the digestibility of DM and reduced the concentration of aspartate transaminase in pigs receiving 1.0% phytoncide diet. These results suggested that dietary supplement of phytoncide, Korean pine extract, could be used as an alternative to zinc oxide by decreasing detoxify to soil and plants without influencing the performance of growing pigs. Further study is needed to determine the systemic estimation of the dose of phytoncide.     

L-精氨酸对肥育猪生长性能、营养物质消化率、气体排放和肉质的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同水平的L-精氨酸对育肥猪生长性能、营养物质消化率、有害气体排放和肉品质的影响。本试验选择240头平均初始体重为(53.80±1.85)kg的三元杂交猪(杜长大),根据体重随机分为3组,每组8个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验有3种饲料,对照组饲喂玉米-小麦-豆粕型饲料(精氨酸水平为0.94%),另外两组饲料分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%和0.1%L-精氨酸。结果显示,L-精氨酸对育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率和有害气体排放均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。而随着饲粮中L-精氨酸添加量的增加,肌肉大理石纹评分呈显著线性增加(P <0.05),蒸煮损失和肌肉滴水损失呈显著线性下降(P <0.05)。总的来说,目前研究结果表明,日粮添加1.0 g/kg L-精氨酸有利于提高肥育猪的肉品质。     

SSTR和IGFBP对生长猪生产性能的影响

选用 9周龄 1 9kg左右约·杜·长·宁四元杂种猪 60头 ,随机分为 3组 ,试验组I、试验组II和对照组各 2 0头。试验组I在 1 0、 1 3和 1 5周龄颈部皮下注射生长激素抑制激素受体 (SSTR)疫苗 ;试验组II在 1 0周龄颈部皮下注射SSTR +IGFBP (胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白 )疫苗 ,1 3及 1 5周龄注射SSTR疫苗 ;对照组注射相同剂量的生理盐水。结果表明 :SSTR组平均日增重较对照组提高 5 73% ,采食量提高 3 88%。SSTR +IGFBP组平均日增重较对照组提高 9 74% ,采食量提高 1 1 1 6%。     

小肽添加剂对生长猪生长性能的影响

试验研究三种不同的小肽添加剂制品对生长猪生长性能的影响。试验选用72头初始体重在(34.64±8.32)kg的杜×长×大三元阉公猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复3头猪试验各组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽A(小肽A组),基础日粮加100mg/kg小肽B(小肽B组),基础日粮加50mg/kg小肽C(小肽C组),试验期28d。测定其对生长猪的生长性能的影响,结果表明,与对照组相比,小肽A组、小肽B组和小肽C组的生长猪的平均采食量分别提高了9.8%、7.0%和12.5%(P0.05),平均日增重分别提高了15.8%、12.8%和21.7%(P0.05),料肉比分别降低了5.1%、6.3%和8.5%(P0.05)。     

饲粮蛋白质水平日变化对育肥猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

为研究饲粮蛋白水平日变化对育肥猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响,试验采用单因子试验设计,选择180头健康状况良好、平均体重为(35.31±0.96)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交商品猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组设6个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组全天饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组早上饲喂低蛋白水平饲粮、晚上饲喂高蛋白水平饲粮,试验2组早上饲喂高蛋白水平饲粮、晚上饲喂低蛋白水平饲粮,试验期30d。结果表明:(1)与对照组相比,试验1组平均日增重降低5.71%(P>0.05),试验2组平均日增重提高1.43%(P>0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2组平均日增重显著提高7.58%(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,试验1组的血磷、血钙、尿素氮、总胆固醇、甘油三酯浓度及乳酸脱氢酶活性均有降低趋势(P>0.05),葡萄糖浓度和总蛋白含量均有提高趋势(P>0.05),白蛋白含量显著提高17.86%(P<0.05)。(3)与对照组相比,试验2组的葡萄糖、血磷、甘油三酯浓度、总蛋白含量及乳酸脱氢酶活性均有降低趋势(P>0.05),白蛋白含量、血钙、尿素氮和总胆固醇浓度均有提高趋势(P>0.05)。综上,早上饲喂高蛋白水平饲粮、晚上饲喂低蛋白水平饲粮可提高育肥猪的生长性能,并可对机体蛋白质代谢产生积极作用。     

Effect of dietary supplemental medium chain fatty acids instead of antibiotics on the growth performance,digestibility and blood profiles in growing pigs

Antibiotics have great functions in farm animal. However, the harm of antibiotics can't be ignored. The effects of medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) supplementation to basal diet instead of antibiotics (CSP, Chlortetracycline, sulphonamide dimethazine and procaine penicillin, 1:1:1) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and blood profile in growing pigs were studied. A total of 140 growing pigs (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) with an average body weight of 27.84 ± 0.42 kg were allotted to four treatments of seven replicates/treatment and five pigs/replicate. The four experimental diets included: CON (basal diet, non‐antibiotic, negative control); CSP (CON + CSP 0.1%, positive control); M1 (CON + MCFA 0.15%) and M2 (CON + MCFA 0.3%). After 5 weeks, the fresh faecal and blood samples were collected from rectum and jugular vein respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was significantly improved for pigs fed 0.3% MCFAs in relation to basal diet. Meanwhile, CSP supplementation had comparable effect on ADG. The lymphocyte percentage and IgG concentration were higher in blood of pigs‐fed MCFAs in relation to that of CON and CSP treatment while white blood cell and red blood cell were not affected. In relation to basal diet and CSP treatment, the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (E) were unaffected with MCFAs supplementation. In conclusion, MCFAs improved growth performance on body weight gain and immune profile. Addition 0.3% MCFAs into the diet indicated that its partial positive effect as an alternative to antibiotic.     

葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响

为了探讨葛根粉对生长猪生产性能的影响,选用平均体重26．86±2．06kg的杜×长×大三元杂交健康猪144头,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理6个重复,每个重复（圈）6头。处理Ⅰ组为不添加抗生素的负对照组,处理Ⅱ组为添加抗生素的正对照组,处理Ⅲ组、处理Ⅳ组为试验组分别添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉。结果表明：日粮中添加5．0％、5．5％葛根粉的试验组日增重、饲料转化效率与添加抗生素的正对照组差异不显著,日增重显著高于不添加抗生素的负对照组（P〈0．05）。     

Effects of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal on nutrient digestibility,growth performance and serum parameters in growing pigs

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influences of Aspergillus niger fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing pigs. A total of 72 growing pigs (body weight = 40.8 ± 2.1 kg) were used in feeding trials, lasting for up to 42 days, and were randomly allotted to one of three diets, including a corn‐soybean meal control diet as well as two experimental diets containing 10% unfermented rapeseed meal (RSM) or 10% FRSM. The results showed that average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of pigs fed FRSM were superior (P < 0.05) to that of pigs fed unfermented RSM and did not differ from the control. Pigs fed control diet had higher (P < 0.05) total tract apparent digestibility for dry matter, protein, calcium and phosphorus than pigs fed unfermented RSM diet and did not differ from the FRSM diet. Pigs fed FRSM had lower levels (P < 0.05) of serum aspartate transaminase compared to unfermented RSM. In conclusion, solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger may improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of RSM for pigs and FRSM is a promising alternative protein for pig production.     

Nutrient digestibility of extruded canola meal in ileal-cannulated growing pigs and effects of its feeding on diet nutrient digestibility and growth performance in weaned pigs

Canola meal (CM) contains less crude protein (CP) and more fiber and anti-nutritional factors such as glucosinolates than soybean meal (SBM) and consequently has a lower nutrient digestibility. Therefore, processing strategies that may increase the feeding value of CM warrant study. In two experiments, the effects of extrusion of Brassica napus CM on apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) in growing pigs, and growth performance and diet digestibility in weaned pigs were assessed. Solvent-extracted CM was extruded using a single-screw extruder at three screw speeds: 250 (CM-250), 350 (CM-350), or 450 (CM-450) rpm. In exp. 1, in a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight ileal-cannulated barrows (initial body weight [BW], 68.1 kg) were fed corn starch-based diets containing 50% CM or extruded CM. The CM sample contained 43.2% CP, 33.2% total dietary fiber (TDF), and 8.9 µmol of total glucosinolates/g on a dry matter (DM) basis. Extrusion increased (P < 0.05) the AID of CP, reduced (P < 0.05) apparent hindgut fermentation of CP, and decreased (P < 0.05) predicted net energy (NE) value of diets. Extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of most indispensable AA by 3.1 to 5.3%-units. In exp. 2, 200 weaned pigs (initial BW, 8.3 kg) were fed diets containing 20% SBM, CM, or extruded CM starting 2 wk postweaning for 3 wk. The CM sample contained 42.7% CP, 28.3% TDF, and 5.3 µmol total glucosinolates/g DM. Wheat-based diets provided 2.3 Mcal NE/kg and 5.1 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. Dietary inclusion of extruded CM replacing SBM decreased (P < 0.05) diet ATTD of DM, GE and CP, and DE value. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (G:F) of pigs did not differ between extruded CM and SBM diets and were not affected by extrusion, but increasing extruder screw speed linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG for day 1 to 7 and G:F for the entire trial. In conclusion, extrusion increased diet AID and CM SID of AA but not DE and predicted NE values of CM. However, increasing extruder speed did not further increase the SID of most of the AA of CM in growing pigs. Dietary inclusion of 20% CM or extruded CM did not affect the growth performance in weaned pigs.     

热应激条件下日粮消化能水平对肉兔生产性能和养分消化率的影响

试验旨在研究热应激条件下日粮消化能水平对肉兔生产性能和饲粮养分消化率的影响。选择30日龄断奶新西兰兔150只,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复6只兔,分别饲喂8.79、9.62、10.46、11.30MJ/kg和12.13 MJ/kg消化能的饲粮。结果显示,热应激条件下,随着日粮消化能的增加,肉兔采食量和料重比均一定程度下降(P>0.05或P<0.05),日增重呈先升高后降低的趋势;干物质、粗蛋白质和粗灰分消化率随着消化能水平的提高,呈现先上升后下降的趋势,粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率随着消化能水平的提高,呈现逐渐升高的趋势。综合来看,在热应激条件下肉兔饲粮的消化能水平以10.46～11.30 MJ/kg为宜。     

壳聚糖对肥育猪生产性能、体脂沉积及血脂的影响

选用72头体重为(54.8±3.2)kg健康的商品长荣杂交猪,按体重随机分为3个处理(分别为对照组、0.5%壳聚糖组、1%壳聚糖组),每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪,研究日粮中添加壳聚糖对肥育猪生产性能、体脂沉积及血脂的影响。试验期为43d,试验结束时从每个处理中选6头80kg左右的猪空腹采集血样测定血脂,并屠宰测定胴体指标。结果表明:日粮中添加壳聚糖对猪生产性能无显著影响,但可降低猪皮下脂肪及体脂沉积,提高瘦肉率;添加0.5%的壳聚糖可降低血清中胆固醇及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量。     

和胃平喘颗粒对生长猪生长性能的影响

为探求生长猪日粮中添加和胃平喘颗粒对生长猪生长性能的影响,选取80头50 kg左右"杜长大"健康生长育肥猪作为试验动物,根据公母各半、体重相近的原则将其随机分为试验组和对照组,每个组设2个重复,每个重复20头。试验组在每千克基础日粮中添加20 g和胃平喘颗粒(g/kg),对照组饲喂基础日粮。试验结果显示,在生长猪日粮中添加20 g/kg和胃平喘颗粒对生长育肥猪的生长性能没有产生显著影响(P0.05)。     

Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.     

Effects of fermented garlic powder supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs

One hundred pigs (BW = 50.7 ± 1.89 kg) were used to investigate the effects of fermented garlic powder (FGP) in growing‐finishing pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of five treatments, included: (i) NC (basal diet); (ii) PC (NC + 44 mg/kg of Tylosin); (iii) FGP1 (NC + 1 g/kg FGP); (iv) FGP2 (NC + 2 g/kg FGP); and (v) FGP4 (NC + 4 g/kg FGP). Supplemental FGP increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed ratio compared with those fed NC diet throughout the experiment (P < 0.05, linearly). Dietary PC treatment increased the ADG and average daily feed intake during the first 6 weeks (P < 0.05). The inclusion of FGP2 and FGP4 treatments had higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen (P < 0.05) than those in the NC treatment. Dietary NC treatment exhibited lower (P < 0.05) lymphocyte count (6 and 12 weeks) and immunoglobulin G (12 weeks) than those in the other treatments. Marbling scores were higher (P < 0.05) in FGP treatment groups than the NC treatments. Pigs fed on FGP2 and FGP4 diets evidenced lower 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (P < 0.05) than those in the NC and PC treatments. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FGP at a level of 2 or 4 g/kg improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs.     

饲料中添加紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

为研究紫花苜蓿多糖对育肥猪生长性能及胴体品质的影响,选择体重相近的健康三元杂交育肥猪180头,随机分成3组,每个组3个重复,每个重复20头,1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加5.0%、10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖,预试验10 d,试验期60 d。在试验1 d和60 d测定生长性能指标,试验结束测定胴体品质。结果表明:(1)试验2、3组试验末重和平均日增重分别较对照组提高5.8%、6.2%、14.0%、14.9%(P <0.05),试验2、3组料重比分别较对照组降低4.6%、5.0%(P <0.05)。(2)试验2、3组屠宰率和瘦肉率分别较对照组提高4.2%、4.0%、5.8%、6.9%(P <0.05);试验2、3组胴体率均高于对照组(P> 0.05),试验2、3组背膘厚和眼肌面积分别较对照组降低7.8%、10.0%、8.9%、8.7%(P <0.05)。(3)试验2、3组肉质评价指标大理石评分、肉色、剪切力、p H24 h较对照组相比,均差异性不显著(P> 0.05)。综述所述,日粮中10.0%紫花苜蓿多糖可以提高育肥猪的生长性能和胴体品质。     

Effects of different levels of dietary protein with or without plant extract YGF251 on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood profiles,fecal microbial shedding,and fecal gas emission in growing pigs

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant extract YGF251 supplementation in different protein level diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles, fecal microbial shedding, and fecal gas emission in growing pigs. A total of 144 pigs (24.72 ± 1.54 kg) were randomly assigned to the treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of dietary protein levels (15.50%, 14.00% or 12.50%) and plant extract YGF251 levels (0 or 0.05%) with 6 replications per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs fed low protein diets had reduced average daily gain (p < 0.05) and increased feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) compared with pigs fed high protein diets. The apparent total tract digestibility of nitrogen was decreased (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. Fecal ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions were reduced (p < 0.05) when reducing dietary protein level. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that reducing dietary protein level impaired growth performance and nitrogen digestibility but reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions in growing pigs. Dietary supplementation with 0.05% herbal extract YGF251 was not effective in improving growth performance, nutrient digestibility, or in decreasing gas emission in different protein diets.     

热带地区乳酸菌发酵饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同比例乳酸菌发酵饲料对热带地区75～100 kg育肥猪生产性能的影响。选用体重约75 kg三元杂交(杜×长×大)猪416头,按性别和体重随机分为4组。对照组饲喂常规全价日粮,试验组乳酸菌发酵饲料占干粉料的比例设3个梯度:试验1组20%(以风干物质计,下同),试验2组30%,试验3组50%。结果表明:在平均舍内温度为30.4℃,平均相对湿度为76.2%的条件下,试验1、2、3组的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了1.16%、6.97%和11.63%;平均日采食量分别比对照组提高了1.03%、1.10%和2.66%,试验3组和对照组差异显著(P<0.05);平均料肉比分别比对照组降低了1.29%、6.43%和9.00%;分别比对照组多盈利2、19、29个百分点。在热带地区75～100 kg育肥猪日粮中添加50%的乳酸菌发酵饲料时能最大限度地提高生产性能和收益。     

Effects of complex probiotic supplementation in growing pig diets with and without palm kernel expellers on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood parameters,fecal microbial shedding and noxious gas emission

In Experiment 1, a total of 100 growing pigs (Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire]) with an average initial body weight (BW) of 24.88 ± 1.57 kg were randomly allotted to 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two concentrations of palm kernel expellers (PKE) in diets at 0% or 10%, and two concentrations of supplemental probiotics at 0 or 6.0 × 10⁷ colony‐forming units/kg. There were five replicate pens per treatment with five pigs per pen. In Experiment 2, eight barrows with average initial BW of 25.78 ± 0.19 kg were allotted to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four diets and four periods per square. Four experimental diets were the same as Experiment 1. In Experiment 1, dietary probiotic supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG), nutrient digestibility and the fecal Lactobacillus counts. Furthermore, interactive effects (P < 0.05) between PKE and probiotics were observed on ADG and growth‐to‐feed ratio. In Experiment 2, an interactive effect (P < 0.05) of PKE and probiotics was observed in apparent ileal digestibility of nitrogen and some amino acids. In conclusion, dietary probiotics did not improve PKE utilization and the use of probiotics in non‐PKE‐containing diet was more favorable than in PKE‐containing diet.