不同日粮条件下添加维生素E对蛋种鸡繁殖性能的影响

本试验选择220日龄健康的伊莎父母代种鸡6000羽,随机分为8组,每组8个重复.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为常 规日粮组,分别添加维生素E0、40、180、300 mg/kg;V、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组为非常规基础日粮,分别添加维生素E0、40、180、300 mg/kg.通过8周饲养试验,测定不同剂量的维生素E对蛋种鸡受精率、死胎率、...     

Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices,immunological responses,ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein

This study was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, serum biochemical parameters, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed on diets with different levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 180 laying hens were subjected into nine dietary treatments with four cages of five birds each. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels of CP (85.0, 92.5 and 100% of Hy‐Line W36 manual recommendation) and three levels of sanguinarine (0.00, 3.75 and 7.50 mg/kg) as a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of laying hens which fed during a 70‐day feeding trial. The in vitro study showed that sanguinarine exhibited sevenfold and threefold decreased antioxidant activities to inhibit 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picric hydrazyl free radical as well as ferric ion reducing rather than butylated hydroxyl toluene. Although using the decremental levels of CP caused the increase in heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.01), dietary administration of sanguinarine could suppress the serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Additionally, decreasing CP content resulted in the decreased percentage of albumin (p < 0.05); however, it had no negative effects on humoral immunity. Nonetheless, feeding of at least 3.75 mg/kg sanguinarine led to the remarkable increases in serum gamma globulin concentration (p < 0.01) and secondary (p < 0.05) antibody titres against sheep red blood cells. Moreover, a decline in dietary CP content led to higher villi height and crypt depth (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) and consequently decreased villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (p < 0.001) than the optimum level (100% CP). In spite of the effects of sanguinarine on the suppression of Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts (p < 0.05), it markedly enhanced villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio as well as lamina propria lymphatic follicles extent, simultaneously (p < 0.001). Therefore, in spite of the detrimental effects of feeding low‐CP diets on lymphocytes and serum albumin percentages, and villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio, the administration of incremental levels of sanguinarine could improve cellular and humoral immunity, decrease ileal microbial counts and in turn improve the intestinal health indices in laying hens.     

低豆粕日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

试验选用1 600只生产性能相同、体况良好的33周龄罗曼蛋种鸡,随机分为4组,在总蛋白质含量相同和满足必需氨基酸需要量的情况下,用价格较低的蛋白饲料取代蛋鸡日粮中豆粕,研究氨基酸平衡的低豆粕日粮对蛋种鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。结果表明:氨基酸平衡的低豆粕日粮对蛋鸡产蛋率、种蛋合格率、健雏率、蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位等指标无显著影响(P>0.05),但当日粮中的豆粕含量降低8～15个百分点时,蛋种鸡的日平均蛋重、日采食量、受精率、孵化率等显著低于正常豆粕日粮(P<0.05),而考虑综合因素日粮中的豆粕含量降低8个百分点的第1组,与正常豆粕日粮相比,差异不显著(P>0.05),而且能降低饲料成本,可以提高蛋鸡养殖效益,具有实际意义。     

菜籽粕对蛋鸡生产性能与屠宰性能的影响

选择756羽开产50周左右的罗曼蛋鸡,随机均分7组,对照组使用船牌公司配合饲料,试验1～6组分别添加7.5%、8.0%、8.5%、9.0%、9.5%和10.0%的双低菜籽粕,进行饲养试验与生长测定,探索改善蛋鸡生产性能与蛋品质含量的双低菜籽饼(粕)最佳使用量,为充分利用贵州省丰富的菜籽饼(粕)资源奠定基础。结果显示,日粮中添加10%以下的双低菜籽粕对蛋鸡的采食、生长性能、蛋的性状均无不良影响,反而会提高蛋鸡的产蛋率,增加蛋重、降低料蛋比,其中试验4组的料蛋比(2.30)最低,平均日采食量也较低,平均蛋重较重,产蛋率也偏高。研究表明,蛋鸡日粮中添加9.0%双低菜籽粕对提高蛋鸡生长性能与产蛋性能具有良好效果。     

Serum biochemical profile,enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in organs of laying hens fed diets containing cashew nut shell liquid

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding laying hens diets containing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a source of anacardic acid on the blood biochemical parameters as well as the enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation of liver and tissues of the reproductive system (ovary, magnum, and uterus). A total of 216 Hisex White commercial laying hens were distributed randomly into six treatments, with six replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a diet without growth promoter (GP); a diet with GP; and diets without GP, with addition of increasing levels of CNSL (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%). Addition of CNSL to the diet did not affect the blood biochemical parameters (uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low‐density lipoproteins and triglycerides), the enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and nonprotein sulphydryl groups) in the organs (liver, ovary, magnum and uterus) or the peroxidation of lipids from the blood serum, liver, magnum and uterus (p > 0.05). However, the addition of 0.75% and 1.00% CNSL provided a lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the birds' ovary (p < 0.001) compared to birds of other treatments, whereas the treatment without the GP provided a higher value. Addition of up to 1% of the CNSL as a source of anacardic acid in the laying hens' diets does not influence blood biochemical parameters or the endogenous enzymatic activity in the liver, ovary, magnum and uterus, but affects the lipid peroxidation in the ovary, although the problem is reduced from the inclusion of 0.75% CNSL.     

Efficacy of essential oils combination on performance,ileal bacterial counts,intestinal histology and immunocompetence of laying hens fed alternative lipid sources

This study was carried out to assess the effects of a blend of herbal essential oils (namely Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus offisinalis and Anethum graveolens) and different dietary lipid sources on the performance, ileal bacterial enumeration, intestinal histological alterations and immune responses in laying hens. For this purpose, a total of 150 laying hens were randomly allocated to six experimental treatments with five replicates of five birds each. Dietary treatments consisted of three levels of a mixture of essential oils (0, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and two sources of lipid (soybean oil and fish oil containing different ratios of n‐6 to n‐3 fatty acids) fed to the animals during an 80‐days feeding trial. Findings indicated that dietary administration of fish oil not only increased significantly the spleen relative weight (p < 0.01) and the antibody titre against Newcastle virus (p < 0.05) but also led to reductions in liver relative weight (p < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mixture of herbal essential oils brought about declines in hepatic relative weight, heterophile to lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05) and intestinal pathogen populations (p < 0.01). Mention must also be made of the improvements it made in spleen weight (p < 0.01), antibody titres against SRBC (p < 0.01) and Newcastle virus (p < 0.05), villus height to crypt depth ratio (p < 0.01), goblet cell numbers (p < 0.05), lamina propria lymphatic follicle diameters (p < 0.01) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.06). It may be claimed that the enhancements observed in the performance of laying hens fed fish oil and 200 mg/kg of the blend of essential oils could have potentially been associated with improved intestinal health indices as well as cellular and humoral immune responses.     

Effect of expanded cottonseed meal on laying performance,egg quality,concentrations of free gossypol in tissue,serum and egg of laying hens

Three hundred and sixty Hy‐Line Brown hens, 40 week of age, were allocated to five treatments, each of which included four replicates of 18 hens. After an expanded process of cottonseed meal (CSM), free gossypol content in CSM was decreased from 1.24 to 0.40 g/kg. The dietary treatments were corn‐soybean meal based diets including 6% CSM and 6%, 8% and 10% expanded cottonseed meal (ECSM). Hens fed 8% ECSM had higher (P < 0.05) laying rate and average egg weight than those fed 6% CSM. The albumen height and Haugh unit in the control group, 6% and 8% ECSM groups were superior (P < 0.05) to other treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM resulted in severe (P < 0.05) egg yolk discoloration. Free gossypol (FG) concentrations in yolk and albumen and tissues of the 6% CSM group were greater (P < 0.05) than those in any ECSM treatments. Hens fed 6% CSM and 10% ECSM had the highest (P < 0.05) FG concentrations in the liver compared with those in the kidney and muscle, and higher (P < 0.05) FG residues in yolk than those in albumen. In conclusion, FG in CSM can be reduced by 68% through an expanded process and ECSM can be available in laying hens at up to 10% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of soybean meal with ECSM may improve performance in laying hens.     

The effects of formic acid-treated shrimp meal on laying performance and egg quality in aged laying hens

An experiment was carried out to measure the suitability of using formic acid-treated shrimp meal (TSM) as a protein source for aged laying hens. Shrimp meal (SM), air-dried shrimp waste was treated with 3% formic acid (w/v) at room temperature for 20 min, sun-dried, ground to pass through 1.0 mm mesh screen and then ready to use as the TSM. A total of 56 Single Comb White Leghorn hens, 85 wk of age, were placed in individual cages and assigned randomly into 7 dietary groups of 8 birds each. A control diet, diets containing 5, 10, and 15% SM and diets containing 5, 10, and 15% TSM were prepared. Diets and water were given ad libitum during the 30-d experimental period. Hen-day egg production, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were deteriorated with increasing levels of the SM in the diets (P < 0.05). In contrast, these parameters were unchanged with increasing levels of the TSM in diets and compatible with the control group. No significant improvements were observed in exterior or interior egg quality among the dietary groups, except for eggshell weight, strength and yolk color, which were significantly increased in SM and TSM groups when compared to the values in control group (P < 0.05). It is concluded that inclusion of TSM up to 15% in laying hen diets may have beneficial effects on laying performance along with improved eggshell quality and yolk color, and suggested that TSM is a promising combined source of protein and calcium in aged laying hens.     

低营养水平日粮添加复合酶对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和抗氧化的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同营养水平日粮添加复合酶对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化及盲肠微生物含量的影响.试验选择产蛋率接近的42周龄蛋鸡504只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复42只.对照组饲喂正常蛋白能量日粮,T1组饲喂低蛋白能量日粮,T2组饲喂低蛋白能量日粮+100?IU/kg复合酶.在为期9周的饲养试验后测定相关指标...     

Effects of xylanase supplementation of corn-soybean meal-dried distiller's grain diets on performance,metabolizable energy,and body composition when fed to first-cycle laying hens

The increased cost of energy for laying hen diets has resulted in the use of enzymes, such as xylanase, to increase energy digestibility and thereby reduce the need for dietary energy. A 24-wk-long experiment was conducted using 432 twenty-week-old Hy-Line W36 first-cycle laying hens to determine the effects of energy concentrations and xylanase supplementation (Hostazym X 100) on hen performance, ME, and body composition. Three concentrations of dietary energy were fed with and without xylanase supplementation in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Diets were reformulated twice over the experiment (wk 30 and 40) due to increased feed intake or changes in egg production. Dietary energy main effect treatments included a control (C), C − 77 kcal/kg, and C − 154 kcal/kg diets. Egg production, feed intake, BW, egg weight, egg mass, and FE data were collected during the experiment. Nitrogen-corrected AME was determined at 32 and 44 wk of age, and featherless body composition (crude fat, CP, and ash) was determined at 44 wk of age. Hen-day egg production was increased in hens fed dietary xylanase during wk 31 to 40 and 20 to 44. Feed intake was increased with reduced dietary energy during all periods evaluated. Egg mass and FE were improved with xylanase supplementation during wk 31 to 40 and 20 to 44. Hen BW was not different among treatments and egg weight was only significantly different at select time periods with no consistent responses over time. Main effects at hen wk 32 showed that reduced energy resulted in reduced AME_n and xylanase increased AME_n. In contrast, xylanase treatment resulted in reduced AME_n when measured at the end of wk 44. Overall, supplementation of xylanse to laying hens increased egg production, egg mass, and FE, although AME_n results were inconsistent and body composition data were dependent on dietary energy.     

日粮中添加铜对产蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响

本试验选择五水硫酸铜作为饲料添加的铜源,以产蛋高峰期的海兰褐壳蛋鸡为试验动物,研究日粮中添加60mg/kg的铜对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质的影响。试验选取40周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡104只,设两个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复13只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮 硫酸铜52mg/kg。试验结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组能够提高产蛋鸡的各项生产性能,日产蛋重、产蛋率、料蛋比、日采食量均有上升趋势(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组的蛋形指数差异不显著(P>0.05),蛋壳厚度变厚(P>0.05),蛋白、蛋黄重以及蛋白蛋黄的比值差异不显著(P>0.05),破软蛋率下降(P>0.05)。     

葛根粉对林地蛋鸡产蛋性能和脂代谢的影响

文章旨在评估药用原料对林地饲养蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质和脂代谢相关指标的影响.试验将570只产蛋率接近的40周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复38只鸡.在林地饲养条件下,蛋鸡每天有1个小时开放活动时间(各重复均有特定划分的区域),试验8周内自由采食以玉米和豆粕为主的日粮,3组日粮分别添加0、50和100?...     

不同硒源对蛋鸡生产性能和硒沉积的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同硒源及不同水平对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋中硒沉积量的影响。试验选择产蛋率一致的海兰褐壳蛋鸡720只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只鸡。试验共设计5种日粮,对照组饲喂基础日粮(不添加硒),处理组分别在基础日粮中添加2个水平的无机硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒,亚硒酸钠)以及2个水平的酵母硒(0.4和0.8mg/kg硒),试验共进行16周。结果发现,无论日粮添加酵母硒还是无机硒,随着硒添加水平的升高,蛋鸡生产性能均无显著影响(P>0.05)。从第9周到试验结束,0.4mg/kg无机硒和0.8mg/kg酵母硒组较对照组和0.8mg/kg无机硒组显著提高了蛋鸡的产蛋率(P<0.05)。试验第9周开始,对照组、0.8mg/kg无机硒组和0.4mg/kg酵母硒组产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮无机硒或酵母硒添加水平的升高,鸡蛋中硒的沉积量显著线性增加(P<0.05)。从第4周开始到试验结束,无机硒或酵母硒组较对照组均显著提高了鸡蛋中硒含量(P<0.05)。在同一硒添加水平及同一时间下,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒含量(P<0.05),随着试验时间的增加,对照组鸡蛋硒含量显著降低(P<0.05)。因此,在本试验条件下,日粮硒的来源和添加水平直接影响鸡蛋硒沉积量,酵母硒较无机硒显著提高了鸡蛋硒沉积量。日粮中酵母硒的添加量可以达到0.8mg/kg,对蛋鸡生产性能无负面影响。     

产细菌素乳酸菌发酵棉籽粕饲喂蛋鸡效果研究

产细菌素乳酸菌发酵棉籽粕在有效降低棉籽粕毒性的同时可提高棉籽粕的营养价值。本研究采用该发酵棉籽粕饲喂蛋鸡后,对蛋鸡的抗病和营养素利用率进行了分析评价。结果显示:产细菌素乳酸菌发酵棉籽粕替代基础日粮40%时,可显著提高蛋鸡的抗病能力,与对照组相比发病率和死亡率分别降至1.73%、0.18%(P<0.05)。同时能够显著提高蛋鸡对蛋白质(65.68%)、磷(34.69%)的利用率及肠道乳酸菌的数量(9.72lg cfu/g)(P<0.05)。综上,产细菌素乳酸菌发酵棉籽粕可有效提高蛋鸡的抗病能力和营养素利用率。     

Effects of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on performance,eggshell quality,and bone parameters of laying hens fed on maize- and wheat-based diets

1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of enzyme supplementation of maize/wheat-based diets on the performance, egg quality, and serum and bone parameters of laying hens.

2. During the 12-week experimental period, a total of 72 laying hens aged 52 weeks were randomly distributed among 6 experimental groups. Each experimental group contained 4 replicates, each with three birds. The experiment was a randomised design consisting of a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of wheat substitution and two levels of enzyme (xylanase: 1500.00 U/kg, β-glucanase: 100 000 U/kg, cellulase: 1 000 000 U/kg, α-amylase: 160 000 U/kg) inclusion in the diet. Wheat replaced 0, 50, or 100% of maize with or without 1.0 g/kg enzyme supplementation in iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric experimental diets.

3. Body weight, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, eggshell thickness, and the feed conversion ratio were adversely affected by the wheat-based diet. The eggshell quality parameters decreased with enzyme supplementation to the diet.

4. Wheat-based diets adversely affected calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the tibia, but the addition of the enzymes to the wheat-based diet prevented the negative effects of wheat-based diets on tibia mineralisation in laying hens. The wheat-based diets tended to reduce plasma mineral contents, and the addition of enzymes tended to affect plasma minerals and biomechanical properties of the tibia positively in laying hens.

5. These results indicate that wheat-based diets in aged laying hens adversely affected the mineral metabolism compared with maize-based diets, and the negative effects of wheat on bone mineralisation can be prevented by enzyme supplementation to the diets in laying hens.     

日粮添加甜菜碱对夏季高温蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及血液理化特征的影响

本研究旨在评估夏季高温时日粮添加甜菜碱对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质及骨骼和血液理化特性的影响.试验将480只产蛋性能一致的罗曼粉壳蛋鸡随机分为2组,每组240只,每组10个重复(24只/重复).对照组饲喂基础试验日粮,处理组蛋鸡饲喂基础试验日粮+150?mg/kg甜菜碱,试验为期8周.结果:日粮添加150?mg/kg甜菜碱对...     

复合微生态制剂对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响

试验在基础饲粮中添加由丁酸梭菌和屎肠球菌组成的复合微生态制剂,研究其对产蛋高峰期蛋鸡的产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清生化指标、肠道形态的影响.选取产蛋率和体重接近的40周龄健康的海兰褐蛋鸡400只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只鸡.对照组蛋鸡饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加200 g/t金霉素,试验1组、2组...     

饲料代谢能水平对农大3号小型蛋鸡生产性能的影响

180只140日龄的农大3号小型蛋鸡随机平均分为A、B、C、D、E五组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸡,体重大小基本一致,各组间生产性能差异不显著。分别饲喂代谢能水平11.5MJ/kg、11.3MJ/kg、11.1MJ/kg、10.9MJ/kg和10.7MJ/kg的饲料,其他营养成分含量设计上保持一致。通过30周的观察,发现在产蛋高峰前饲喂稍低能值的饲料(10.9MJ/kg)有利于采食量的增加和产蛋率的迅速上升。在一定饲料代谢能值范围内,饲料能值的高低对小型蛋鸡采食量影响不显著,所以从产蛋高峰期开始,必须使用代谢能水平较高的日粮,才能满足小型蛋鸡维持高产蛋率对能量的需求。综合来看,饲料代谢能为11.3MJ/kg时,小型蛋鸡有较高的产蛋量和饲料报酬。