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1.
R. J. A. Escrivão E. C. Webb A. P. J. T. Garcês 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(1):135-139
Fifty-two multiparous Brahman type cows with reproductive tract scoring (RTS) ≥4 at 45 days post-partum were randomly assigned
to two groups of 26 cows each separated into an ad libitum suckling group (C) and treatment group (T). Calves in the T group were separated for 12 h during the night from 45 days post-partum
to the onset of the breeding season. Body condition score (BCS) and body weight (BW) were recorded 45 days post-partum, at
the start of the breeding season, and at pregnancy diagnosis. Calves were weighed at calving and weaning. Weaning weights
were corrected to 205 days. BW and BCS at the onset of the breeding season were similar (p > 0.05) between the experimental
groups. Calving to breeding intervals were 93 ± 18 d and 99 ± 22 d for T and C groups, respectively. Calving to conception
intervals differed significantly between the groups (111 ± 10 d for T and 133 ± 19 d for C) and a similar result was obtained
for the breeding to conception intervals (18 ± 15 d for T and 31 ± 19 d for C). Conception rates were 80% for the T group
and 59% for the C group, which correlated better with BW than BCS at the onset of the breeding season. Weaning weights differed
(p < 0.05) between C and T groups. From 45 days post-partum to the onset of the breeding season, cows in the T group experienced
a positive energy balance (3%) while those in the C group had a negative energy balance (-0.1%). It was concluded that 12 h
calf separation at night increases the conception rates and improves the calf weaning weights of Bos indicus beef cattle under extensive production systems in sub-tropical conditions. 相似文献
2.
Seventy multiparous healthy lactating Holstein cows (fat-corrected milk yield = 7,561.8 kg) were monitored from 14 days before
to 70 days after calving. Transrectal ultrasound scanning was performed twice weekly from 7 to 65 days postpartum. Blood samples
were also collected twice weekly to measure serum P4 and biweekly to detect serum β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations. Body condition score
(BCS) was taken biweekly after calving. Based on the serum P4 profile of 59 cows (11 cows were excluded due to the occurrence of postpartum diseases) studied, 27 (45.8%) had normal ovarian
activity, while 21 (35.6%), six (10.1%), three (5.1%), and two (3.4%) had delayed ovulation (DOV), prolonged luteal phase
(PLP), short luteal phase (SLP), and cessation of ovarian activity, respectively. Cows with PLP had an earlier ovulation compared
to that of cows with normal ovarian activity (23.16 ± 4.02 vs 31.9 ± 8.35 days; P < 0.05). PLP cows also had a greater mean ± standard deviation peak milk yield (44.2 ± 5.8 vs 37.2 ± 5.7 kg/day, 75 days
postpartum; P < 0.05) than cows with normal postpartum ovarian activity. The PLP group also had greater milk production in the previous
lactation period. Logistic regression analysis indicated that cows with P4 concentration ≥1 ng/ml on day 24 after calving were more at risk for PLP by 1.1 for each 1 kg increase in mean peak milk
yield during 75 days after calving. BCS was lower in cows with DOV compared to that of cows with normal ovarian activity at
any time after calving (P < 0.05). Serum βHB concentrations in DOV cows were significantly higher than that of normal cows on day 42 after calving
(0.69 ± 0.29 vs 0.54 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.05). No significant difference was found in the mean concentrations of NEFA between cows in different groups at any time
after calving (P > 0.05). The concentrations of P4 on days 28 and 31 were negatively correlated with βHB concentration on day 42 after calving in cows with normal ovarian activity
(R = −0.44, P = 0.02). In conclusion, these findings suggest that early ovulation and hence early postpartum P4 rise in addition to the high milk production could partly be responsible for the occurrence of PLP in dairy cows. 相似文献
3.
4.
A longitudinal economic impact study of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (TTBDs) in cattle around Lake Mburo National Park (LMNP)
was done. Impact was valued using Uganda Shilling (Ug. Shs) (exchange rate of 1USD to Ug. Shs 1,420). The costs for controlling
TTBDs was constituting 85.6 ± 3.2% (pastoral) and 73.8 ± 4.2% (ranches) to total disease control costs. The main costs were
on tick control, constituting 83.1% (ranches) and 87.9% (pastoral). In pastoral herds, the costs were negatively correlated
to herd size (r = −0.99). The mean annual cost per cattle for controlling TTBDs for ranch and pastoral herds was similar Ug.
Shs 5,900 ± 545. The mean annual Economic Cost (EC) of TTBDs per cattle was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between
pastoral (Ug. Shs 6,700 ± 580) and ranch herds (Ug. Shs 7,600 ± 970). The mean annual EC per cattle was negatively correlated
(r = −0.99) with herd size in pastoral systems contrary to positive correlation (r = 0.99) observed among the ranches. The
major component of EC of TTBDs of 88.2% (pastoral) and 78.6% (ranches) was due to their control. The other component was owed
to mortality, which was positively correlated (p < 0.01) to the ranch herd size. The total annual EC of TTBDs around LMNP
was Ug. Shs 437,754,600 (USD 308,144). 相似文献
5.
Factors Affecting the First Service Conception Rate of Cows in Smallholder Dairy Farms in Bangladesh
MAR Siddiqui ZC Das J Bhattacharjee MM Rahman MM Islam MA Haque JJ Parrish M Shamsuddin 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2013,48(3):500-505
The successful outcome of an insemination is a combination of both male and female fertility‐linked factors. We investigated the first service conception rate of cows at artificial insemination (AI) in the smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh. Frozen straws were prepared from ejaculates of Bos indicus (n = 7) and Bos indicus × Bos taurus (n = 7) AI bulls. Fertility was determined from 6101 first services in cows that were performed by 18 technicians in four regions between April 2004 and March 2005. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal palpation between 60 and 90 days post‐insemination. The Asian version of Artificial Insemination Database Application (AIDA ASIA) was used for bulls‐, cows‐ and AI‐related data recording, and later retrieved for analysis. The mean ± SD number of inseminations performed from individual bulls and their conception rates were 436.0 ± 21.6 and 50.7 ± 1.9%, respectively. Logistic regression demonstrated body condition scores (BCS), heat detection signs, months of AI and their interactions had greatest effects (odds ratios: 1.24–16.65, p < 0.04–0.001) on first service conception rate in cows. Fertility differed (p < 0.02–0.001) between the regions, previous calving months, months of AI, BCS, parity and heat detection signs of cows. Inseminations based on mounting activity (n = 2352), genital discharge (n = 3263) and restlessness and/or other signs (n = 486) yielded a conception rate of 53.6%, 48.8% and 50.1%, respectively (p < 0.05). Conception rate between technicians ranged between 43.4% and 58.6% (p < 0.05). The days interval from calving to first service (overall mean ± SD = 153.4 ± 80.6) had relationship (p < 0.001) with BCS, months of previous calving and parity of the cows. Fertility at AI in smallholder farms can be improved by training farmers on nutrition and reproductive management of the cows. 相似文献
6.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Soroti district of Uganda to establish important traits of Nkedi Zebu and Ankole
cattle regarding their production performance responses to natural infections of trypanosomes, gastrointestinal nematodes,
Theileria parva, Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale and tick infestations. Over four visits between October 2006 to August 2007, tick counts were performed and blood, faecal
samples and sera were collected from the Nkedi Zebu (295) and Ankole (165) cattle from 86 herds in six locations per visit.
Low parasitological prevalence of trypanosome infection (<6%) and high prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infections
(>30%) with low faecal egg counts (110–300 eggs per gramme (EPG)) were observed in the Nkedi Zebu and Ankole cattle. Both
breeds had high, moderate and low mean counts of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (18.0–24.0), Rhipecephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (3.6–10.3) and Amblyomma variegatum ticks (1.7–4.3), respectively. In addition, both breeds had similar mean packed cell volumes (26.4–31.2) and a similar percentage
of animals were anaemic (14.5–36.6%). The Nkedi Zebu cattle further had higher mean optical density (OD) values for antibodies
against T. parva (1.093–1.445) and A. marginale infections (0.573–0.583), and significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean OD values of antibodies against B. bigemina infections (1.07–2.175) than the Ankole cattle: T. parva (1.030–1.302); A. marginale (0.442–0.603) and B. bigemina infections (0.863–2.154). The Ankole cows produced significantly more (P < 0.001) milk per day (2.68 L) than the Nkedi Zebu cows (1.98 L), and the Ankole oxen had significantly higher (P < 0.05)
draught power output (2.57 days/acre) than the Nkedi Zebu oxen (2.93 days/acre). Liveweights of calves aged 0–12 months of
both breeds were comparable, suggesting that the Nkedi Zebu and Ankole cattle under similar disease challenge exhibited similar
growth rates. In conclusion, the Nkedi Zebu cattle seem to possess a higher degree of disease resistance against endemic parasitic
diseases, while the Ankole cattle seem to possess a moderate degree of disease resistance coupled with a moderate production
potential. 相似文献
7.
A retrospective study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance of Holstein–Friesian cattle in Alage Dairy
Farm in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia using data recorded from July 1983 to June 2005. Data of cows with complete information
were considered, and a total of 1,104 records for calving to conception (Cal-Con), calving interval (CI), and number of services
per conception (NSC), and 721 records for age at first service (AFS) and at first calving (AFC) were analyzed. The overall
means (±S.E.) of AFS, AFC, Cal-Con and CI, and NSC were 991.4 ± 24.3, 1,265 ± 24.3, 285.8 ± 18.9, 561.3 ± 18.9 days and 1.69 ± 0.1,
respectively. Parity significantly influenced NSC, Cal-Con, and CI. Season and year showed a significant effect on all the
parameters, indicating the role of the environment and more specifically the influence of nutritional conditions at least
for the long AFS and AFC, management practices, and climate on reproductive performance of the study herd. A more focused
study to discern the elements of the reproductive constraints have been recommended. 相似文献
8.
Landaeta-Hernández A Zambrano-Nava S Hernández-Fonseca JP Godoy R Calles M Iragorri JL Añez L Polanco M Montero-Urdaneta M Olson T 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(3):657-663
The variation in hair coat and skin histology traits of Criollo Limonero cattle was analyzed using 213 Criollo Limonero females.
Skin biopsies were obtained from slick-haired (N = 16) and normal-haired (N = 14) animals. Measured traits included hair length (HL), color coat (CC), number of hair follicles per square centimeter
(NHF), sweat glands per square centimeter (NSG), sweat glands size (SGS), sebaceous glands per square centimeter (NSBG), blood
vessels per square centimeter (NBV), and thickness of epidermis (TE). Hair length differed (P < 0.001) between slick- and normal-haired animals (4.9 ± 0.12 vs 10.9 ± 0.20, respectively). Differences (P < 0.01) in CC (Bayo = 144/67.6% vs Red = 69/32.4%) and HL (slick-haired = 199/93.4% vs normal-haired = 14/6.5%) were found.
Distribution of slick- and normal-haired animals differed (P < 0.01) between bayo-coated and red-coated (139/62.2% vs 9/4.2%; respectively). Most (P < 0.05) red-coated animals belonged to a single family. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between slick-haired and normal-haired animals in NHF (637 ± 164 vs 587 ± 144, respectively), NSG (556 ± 134
vs 481 ± 118, respectively), NSBG (408 ± 87 vs 366 ± 77, respectively), NBV (1628 ± 393 vs 1541 ± 346, respectively), and
TE (1.24 ± 0.14 vs 1.32 ± 0.12, respectively). However, SGS was greater (P < 0.01) in slick-haired than normal-haired animals. In conclusion, Criollo Limonero cattle are predominantly bayo-coated,
slick-haired, with a reduced number of hair follicles relative to Zebu cattle, sweat and sebaceous glands in proportion to
hair follicle numbers, and with a high blood flow irrigating the skin. There is a sub-group of red-coated animals with yellow
or cream skin, thicker epidermis, and with a higher frequency of normal-haired animals. It appears that the slick hair gene has been favored by natural selection in this breed. 相似文献
9.
Rafia S Taghipour-Bazargani T Asadi F Vajhi A Bokaie S 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(8):531-540
The objective of present study was to record the sequential alterations in liver echo-texture through digital analyzing of
the B-mode ultrasonography in three groups of under-conditioned (UC), moderate-conditioned (MC), and over-conditioned (OC)
clinically healthy Holstein cows from 30 days to calving until 30 days in milk. Furthermore, to compare their changes in association
with the changes of fat mobilization parameters of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), betahydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and
body condition score (BCS). Although the cows lost significant (P < 0.05) BCS from calving and the NEFA values showed an increasing trend near calving and the BHBA values significantly inclined
postparturition, the mean grey scale histogram (MGSH) of liver images did not reveal significant fluctuations unless a significant
decrease on calving day (P < 0.05). The MGSH drop was predicted to be the result of anatomical changes in abdominal cavity, related to delivery and
liver’s blood flow. OC cows had higher NEFA on day +20 than UC and MC cows (P < 0.05). UC cows showed higher MGSH values on day −30 than MC cows and again on day −10 comparing to MC and OC cows (P < 0.05). MGSH values correlated with BCS values (r
UC = −0.186; r
MC = −0.283; r
OC = −0.158). It was concluded that the studied cows did not show significant alterations in textural changes in their liver
ultrasound whilst going through fat mobilization. As quantitative ultrasonography has shown the potential to detect cases
of fatty liver, it could gain the attention to become a feasible device for liver health monitoring on a herd basis. 相似文献
10.
A two-year longitudinal study was conducted to assess the reproductive and lactation performances of smallholder crossbred
dairy cattle in Fitche, central Ethiopia. Twenty-four smallholder dairy farms were monitored and data on reproductive, breeding,
lactation and management aspects of crossbred dairy cows (n = 69) were collected and analysed. Moreover, milk samples were collected and analysed for progesterone. The overall Least-squares
means for calving interval (CI), calving to conception interval (CCI) and first observed oestrus after calving were 516, 253
and 141 days, respectively. Suckling significantly prolonged these intervals. The mean first onset of luteal activity (OLA)
after calving was 52 days, while 67.4% (n = 43) had a delayed (>55 days) return to cyclicity after calving. Suckling and parity number significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the OLA. The mean lactation length was 54.4 weeks. The overall daily mean milk yield for the first 43 weeks
of lactation after calving was 11.7 L/day. The estimated daily milk yield increased slowly and reached peak (13.8 L/day) around
the 11th week post partum and declined gradually and steadily. Suckling status, season of calving and parity number significantly influenced the estimated
daily milk yield. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the smallholder crossbred dairy cows in the study area had
prolonged intervals to first oestrus after calving, to conception and to the next calving, and thus their reproductive performance
is unsatisfactory. Delayed first onset of luteal activity (postpartum anoestrus) contributed to these extended intervals.
Further detailed investigation is suggested to examine the effects of other relevant factors on the reproductive and lactation
performances of smallholder crossbred dairy cows for appropriate intervention. 相似文献
11.
Fiaz M Abdullah M Nasir M Javed K Babar ME Pasha TN Jabbar MA 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(5):975-981
The aim of the study was to determine optimum dietary energy level during the last trimester of pregnancy for Sahiwal heifers
in subtropical Pakistan. Sixteen Sahiwal heifers, 5–6 months pregnant, were assigned to four dietary treatments with four
heifers on each treatment. Isonitrogenous (CP = 14.1%) diets having varying energy, namely, ME 88%, ME 100% (Control), ME
112% and ME 124% of NRC recommended level for pregnant heifers, were fed until calving. All were fed a similar diet after
calving. Precalving weight gain was highest (P < 0.05) in heifers fed ME 112 and 124% (486 ± 13 and 497 ± 5 g/day, respectively) followed by ME 100% (444 ± 7 g/day), and
the lowest weight gain was recorded for ME 88% (397 ± 8 g/day). A similar trend was observed for feed efficiency. Body condition
score at calving in groups ME 124% and ME 112% was higher than ME 88% and ME 100%. Nutrient digestibility, birth weight of
calves and milk composition except fat content were not influenced by energy levels. The highest daily milk yield was observed
in heifers fed ME 100% followed by ME 112, 124, and 88%. We conclude that the NRC recommendation is applicable to the subtropical
region. 相似文献
12.
Factors influencing reproductive performance of cows from different Nguni ecotypes in southern Mozambique 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Maciel SM Amimo J Martins M Mwai AO Scholtz MM Neser FW 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):435-444
The objective of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of two Nguni ecotypes (Nguni and Landim) raised in
a subtropical environment to enhance strategies for livestock development and restocking programmes within the southern African
region. Reproduction data collected between 1996 and 2009 from 365 cows of the Landim and Nguni ecotypes were analysed. From
the results, ecotype, place of birth, year and season of birth/calving had significant effects on age at first calving (AFC)
and calving interval (CI). Overall means for AFC and CI were 1,071 ± 166 days and 432 ± 85 days, respectively, while average
calving rate was 88.0 ± 4.7%. Heifers born in the dry season had lower AFC than heifers born in the wet season. Heifers born
at Impaputo Breeding Center were the youngest at first calving, followed by the South African born ones. Heifers of the Landim
ecotype also calved younger than heifers of the Nguni ecotype. CI was shorter in wet seasons (main breeding seasons) than
in dry seasons. Interaction between ecotype and year–season (p < 0.005) showed that, in wet and dry seasons, Nguni cows had shorter CI than the Landim. This study demonstrates for the
first time a possible genotype-by-environment interaction between Nguni ecotypes. This might aid future cattle development
and restocking programmes in southern Africa taking into consideration the adaptation of indigenous genotypes and climate
change. 相似文献
13.
Milk production and calf rearing practices in the smallholder areas in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
M. Mapekula M Chimonyo C. Mapiye K. Dzama 《Tropical animal health and production》2009,41(7):1475-1485
Farmer perceptions on milk production and calf rearing practices on communal rangelands in the smallholder areas of the Eastern
Cape Province, South Africa were evaluated on a total of 218 cattle farmers using structured questionnaires, semi-structured
interviews with key informants and personal observations. Nearly 70% of the households in the small-scale areas milked twice
a day compared to 60% in the communal areas. About 62% of the interviewees weaned calves between 6 and 12 months of age. Milk
yield/cow/day (7.5 ± 0.5 litres), fresh milk consumption/household/day (3.2 ± 0.5 litres) and sales/household/day (3.1 ± 1.1 litres)
were highest in the sour-veld, small-scale farms (P < 0.05). Sour milk consumption/household/day (2.6 ± 0.2 litres) and sales/household/day
(0.8 ± 0.2 litres) were significantly high in communal farms with a sour-veld. It was concluded that, calf rearing practices
were poor and milk yield, consumption and sales were generally low and varied with production system and rangeland type. Further
research is required to improve calf management practices, cow nutrition, milk yield and quality and how milk production can
be used as a toll for rural development in the smallholder areas of South Africa. 相似文献
14.
Mast cell count (MCC) in 45 dogs with cutaneous hemangioma (HA, n = 12), hemangiosarcoma (HSA, n = 12), mammary adenoma (AD,
n = 9) and mammary adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 12) was made using Toluidine blue stained sections. Antibodies against endothelial
cell markers, Factor VIII and VEGF were used to visualize and determine the hot spot micro-vessel density (MVD). Total MCC
and MCC along the invasive edges were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in canine mammary AC than in AD. The total MCC did
not significantly differ (p > 0.05), in HSAs (8.6 ± 3.3) than in HAs (5.5 ± 2.8). There is a positive correlation (r = 0.14)
between the hot spot MCC and MVD in mammary AC, although not significant (p = 0.3172), indicating that mast cells are associated
with angiogenesis in canine mammary AC. This study suggests that mast cells may play an important role in neovascularization
of canine cutaneous vascular and mammary neoplasms. Detailed studies encompassing correlation of MCC and MVD with clinical
outcomes and prognosis in these neoplasms are recommended. 相似文献
15.
Mummed YY 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(4):785-790
Daily milk yield of Ogaden cattle was estimated from milk suckled by 269 calves born and maintained between 1994 and 2004
at Haramaya University Beef Farm, Ethiopia. The weigh–suckle–weigh method and the growth of calves were used to estimate the
yield. Mean predicted daily milk yield of the breed based on the weigh–suckle–weigh method was 4.39 ± 0.03 kg day−1. Daily milk yield estimated from the growth of calves up to 3 months of age was 4.59 ± 1.43 kg day−1. The milk yield was significantly affected by seasons of calving (p < 0.001), parities of the dams (p < 0.05), weeks of lactation (p < 0.001) and birth weights of calves (p < 0.05). A relatively higher milk yield was observed from cows calved during the long rain season. A higher milk yield was
produced by cows in fifth parity. Heavier calves at birth suckled more milk than lighter calves. Daily milk yield was significantly
higher in 3–6 weeks of lactation. The result of this study indicated that the milk yield produced by Ogaden breed was relatively
higher than the yield of some Zebu breed measured by partial suckling system in Ethiopia and was comparable to the yield from
Zebu cattle in the tropics estimated by the same method. 相似文献
16.
Calf survival and reproductive performance of Holstein–Friesian cows in central Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This study was carried out to evaluate the reproductive performance and calves survival rate of Holstein–Friesian (HF) herd
in Holeta, central highland of Ethiopia. A retrospective analysis of 26 years data was carried out, from which records of
724 age at first calving (AFC), 2,022 calving intervals (CI), 2,971 breeding efficiencies (BE), 260 abortions, 111 stillbirths
were derived from 795 cows. Moreover, 738 female calves’ records were also included for survival rate study. The overall least
squares means of AFC, CI, and BE were 40.9 ± 0.33 months, 475 ± 2.84 days, 81.9 ± 0.26%, respectively, while the incidence
rates of abortion, stillbirth, and female calves survival rate for this herd were 8.0%, 3.4%, and 77.5%, respectively. The
effects of parity number and year of birth/calving on CI and BE were significant (P < 0.001). Moreover, birth year had significant (P < 0.001) effect on AFC and calves survival rate, while calving season had significant effect on BE. The reproductive performance
found in this study was lower than the performance reported in many tropical regions and the genetic potential of HF breed
in their origins. Moreover, higher loss due to calf mortality was observed. Thus, the centre should consider appropriate measures
to improve its herd reproductive performance and calves survival rate for attaining its aspired objectives. 相似文献
17.
Amin Tamadon Mojtaba Kafi Mehdi Saeb Abdolah Mirzaei Saedeh Saeb 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):29-34
The relations between body condition score (BCS), milk yield, serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) profile, and luteal
activity were investigated in postpartum dairy cows. Seventy-one healthy high-producing multiparous Holstein cows were subjected
to transrectal ultrasound scanning twice weekly from the first to the eighth week postpartum. Blood samples were collected
twice weekly to measure serum progesterone (P4) and every 2 weeks to detect serum IGF-I concentrations. BCS was monitored
weekly after calving. Cows with serum P4 concentrations ≥1 ng/ml on at least two consecutive samplings were considered to
have commenced luteal activity. Commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) was observed earlier than 45 days postpartum in 71.8%
of cows while 28.2% showed C-LA later than 45 days. Prolonged luteal phase was the most common abnormal pattern of luteal
activity observed. Cows with a C-LA earlier than 45 days postpartum had higher (P ≤ 0.05) mean serum concentrations of IGF-I than those with later C-LA. In addition, cows which showed C-LA earlier than 45 days
postpartum had more optimal productive indices including shorter calving to conception interval and calving to first service
interval (P ≤ 0.05), and fewer services per conception (P = 0.07). C-LA was significantly later in cows that lost more than 0.5 BCS units within 3 weeks postpartum than in those that
lost less than 0.5 units BCS during the same interval (P = 0.02). We conclude that high-producing dairy cows with higher postpartum serum IGF-I concentrations have earlier commencement
and normal luteal activity, and better reproductive performance. Severity and duration of BCS loss adversely affect commencement
of luteal activity. 相似文献
18.
Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Rufael T Catley A Bogale A Sahle M Shiferaw Y 《Tropical animal health and production》2008,40(1):29-38
Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions
of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement
between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination
of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD
virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence
and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD
varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean
mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older.
Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for
mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8%
in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was
0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle
movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116)
tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%).
The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease,
and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia. 相似文献
19.
I. Aranda-Ávila J. Herrera-Camacho J. R. Aké-López R. A. Delgado-León J. C. Ku-Vera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1435-1440
The aim was to evaluate the effect of corn oil supplementation during postpartum anoestrus on ovarian activity, pregnancy
rate, progesterone (P4), and lipid metabolites (cholesterol, CHO; low and high density lipoproteins; LDL and HDL, respectively) concentrations in
blood of F1 (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) grazing cows. Cows were randomly assigned to an experimental group, fed with a supplement containing 4% corn oil on dry
matter basis (OG, n = 11), and a control group with the same supplement without corn oil (CG, n = 12). Both supplements contained equivalent amounts of crude protein and metabolizable energy and were fed for 34 days continuously.
All cows were induced to estrous 12 days after beginning of supplementation by using a synthetic progestagen and artificially
inseminated 56 h after retiring the implants. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by transrectal palpation 45 days after insemination,
evaluating simultaneously ovarian activity. P4 and lipid metabolites (CHO, HDL, LDL) concentrations were determined in blood samples collected at 3-day intervals, from
the beginning of corn oil supplementation and up to 10 days after artificial insemination. Ovarian activity was affected by
treatment (p < 0.05), finding ovarian structures in 72.7% of OG cows and in 50% of CG cows. Concentration of P4 and CHO was higher for OG with respect to CG (2.52 ± 0.65 vs 1.88 ± 0.62 ng/ml and 117.79 ± 11.57 vs 85.71 ± 12.11 mg/dl,
respectively), whereas pregnancy rate and blood concentrations of HDL and LDL were not affected by treatment (p > 0.05). Addition of corn oil to the supplement stimulated ovarian activity and increased serum concentrations of progesterone
and cholesterol in grazing B. taurus × B. indicus cows with low body condition score showing postpartum anoestrus. 相似文献
20.
Apoptotic Cell Localization in Preantral and Antral Follicles in Relation to Non‐cyclic and Cyclic Gilts 下载免费PDF全文
D Phoophitphong S Srisuwatanasagul S Koonjaenak P Tummaruk 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(3):400-406
The objective of this study was to determine apoptotic cell localization in preantral and antral follicles of porcine ovaries. Additionally, the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis was also compared between delayed puberty gilts and normal cyclic gilts. Ovarian tissues were obtained from 34 culled gilts with age and weight of 270.1 ± 3.9 days and 143.8 ± 2.4 kg, respectively. The gilts were classified according to their ovarian appearance as ‘non‐cyclic’ (n = 7) and ‘cyclic’ (n = 27) gilts. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay was used to determine apoptotic cell expression in different compartments of the ovarian tissue sections. All apparent preantral (n = 110) and antral (n = 262) follicles were evaluated using image analysis software. It was found that apoptotic cells were expressed in both granulosa (22.2%) and theca cell layers (21.3%) of the follicles in the porcine ovaries. The proportion of apoptotic cells in the granulosa layer in the follicles was positively correlated with that in the theca layer (r = 0.90, p < 0.001). Apoptosis did not differ significantly between preantral and antral follicles in either granulosa (27.8% and 26.4%, p > 0.05) or theca cell layers (28.6% and 26.5%, p > 0.05). The proportion of apoptotic cells in non‐cyclic gilts was higher than cyclic gilts in both granulosa (31.7% and 22.6%, p < 0.001) and theca cell layers (34.8% and 20.2%, p < 0.001). This study indicated that apoptosis of the granulosa and theca cell layers in the follicles was more pronounced in the ovarian tissue of delayed puberty gilts than cyclic gilts. This implied that apoptosis could be used as a biologic marker for follicular development/function and also that apoptosis was significantly associated with anoestrus or delayed puberty in gilts, commonly observed in tropical climates. 相似文献