酸改性麦麸挂面配方的研究

为改善挂面制品的营养保健功能,研发谷物加工副产物的深加工产品,将经过超声波-酸解法改性处理后的麦麸粉添加到面粉中用于制作酸改性麦麸挂面。通过单因素试验及正交试验优化确定酸改性麦麸挂面的最优配方。结果表明,在面粉100 g的基础上,酸改性麦麸粉添加量为6%（相当于面粉质量的百分比）、水添加量为56%、食盐添加量为3.5%、食碱添加量为0.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠添加量为0.4%,此条件下制得的挂面品质良好,且外观、适口性较好。     

小麦品质性状及产量性状对馒头面条评分的影响

本研究旨在为小麦品质育种提供依据。以在黄骅种植的10个小麦品种为试材,通过田间记载、室内考种及品质分析研究小麦主要品质性状及产量性状对馒头面条评分的影响。面条和馒头受小麦面粉的粉质特性和面团特性的影响并呈现不同的相关性,面条评分与延伸性呈显著性相关(r=0.63^*),与最大延伸阻力、拉伸面积呈正相关关系相关性未达到显著水平(r=0.46,r=0.54),与稳定时间和形成时间呈正相关关系。回归分析变异系数表明形成时间在馒头和面条评分的评分中均起到重要作用。偏相关和通径分析表明产量对面条和馒头的评分影响最大。可见在馒头和面条评分的影响性状中形成时间在两种面食的评分中均起到重要作用,通过研究表明馒头与面条品质对小麦籽粒和面粉特性的要求是重叠的,因此选育馒头与面条兼优型的小麦品种是可行的。     

速冻香椿面条的工艺优化

速冻香椿面条与汤圆、水饺等速冻米面食品一样,不仅具有相同的冻结工艺,而且都必须在低温冷链中流通。为了保证速冻香椿面条在消费时仍然具有浓郁的香椿气味和良好的口感,从小麦粉品质、和面的水量、香椿汁液的添加、面筋的形成、面片的压延等方面进行了工艺优化,依据检测相关指标和感官评价,制定了加工速冻香椿面条的最佳工艺参数。     

Wheat breeding for end-product use

High grain yield is the primary objective of most wheat breeding programs around the world. In some countries, for example Australia and Canada, a new wheat cultivar must meet a prescribed level of quality before it can be registered for commercial production. For most traditional uses, wheat quality derives mainly from two interrelated characteristics: grain hardness and protein content. Grain hardness is a heritable trait but it can be strongly affected by abnormal weather conditions such as excessive rainfall during the harvest period. Protein content is weakly heritable and strongly dependent on environmental factors such as available soil nitrogen and moisture during the growing season. In addition, each end-use requires a specific 'quality' in the protein. Quality is determined by the molecular structure of the major proteins of flour which, in turn, controls the interactions of the proteins during the breadmaking process. Durum wheats have the hardest grain texture and are usually high in protein content. They are especially suited to the production of pasta because of their highly vitreous grain (high milling yield of semolina), unique combination of storage proteins for good cooking quality of pasta, and high yellow pigment content required for attractive appearance of cooked product. All three characteristics are highly heritable and can be readily improved by conventional breeding. Recent research has shown that the presence of γ-gliadin 45 is a reliable marker of good cooking quality. This marker is now used for screening early generation material in many durum wheat breeding programs. Common (hexaploid) wheats cover a wide range of grain hardness and protein content. The hardest wheats of this class, generally highest in protein, are used for pan bread. Considerable progress has been achieved in research of the molecular properties of flour proteins that are required for highest bread quality. The key protein component in this regard is glutenin. Segregating breeding populations can be screened by electrophoresis or high performance liquid chromatography for the presence of desirable glutenin subunits. Common wheats of medium hardness and lower protein content are used for other types of bread and noodles. Wheats with softest texture and lowest protein are used for cakes and cookies. In some end-uses, e.g., Chinese-type noodles, starch quality is important together with protein quality; this feature should be taken into consideration in developing a screening strategy for wheats for this application. Screening tests that reflect end-use requirements for most of the known products are available, and should be applied in testing wheats according to intended use. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于Arrhenius方程建立湿米粉货架期预测模型的研究

旨在为湿米粉生产企业改进工艺、优化运输贮藏条件提供技术支持。以课题组开发的2N+2L标准湿米粉、旧工艺的湿米粉和市售湿米粉3种不同工艺的产品为研究对象,探讨其在不同贮藏温度下品质的变化规律,建立湿米粉的动力学模型并预测其货架期。结果显示,在4℃、10℃及25℃下贮藏的3种不同工艺湿米粉,微生物指标和感官指标对品质劣变均有一定影响。2N+2L标准的湿米粉在4℃、10℃及25℃下货架期分别为96 h、72 h和36 h,优于其他2种产品。在此基础上,以感官品质的整体接受度为限制因子指标,建立了3种产品的货架期预测模型。经验证,该模型的预测值与实测值相对误差小于10%,表明模型准确有效,在湿米粉行业具有良好的应用前景。     

冬小麦品质性状与面条品质性状关系的初步研究

测定了冬小麦28个品种(系)(31个样品)的面粉品质特性,并在实验室条件下,对不同品种的面条加工品质进行了仪器和官能两种方法评价,对小麦品质与面条品质的关系进行了初步探讨.干面条断裂强度与面粉蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,同时受面筋强度的强烈影响.煮面韧性与面团强度呈极显著正相关,且受蛋白质含量的影响.而煮面的外观评价与面团强度呈显著的负相关.面团软化度是煮面品质优劣的较好指标.改良小麦品种面条加工品质的关键是提高蛋白质和面筋的质量.     

中国挂面对小麦粉品质的要求

对以１７个不同类型小麦制成的小麦粉样品进行了有关面粉品质与挂面品质性状的测定。结果表明，小麦粉的蛋白质含量和干面条的切断强度及煮熟面条的韧性均呈显著正相关，但对其食用品质、色泽及煮面最后总评分均呈显著负相关。综合各项指标，优质挂面用小麦粉宜选用蛋白质含量中等，色泽好，面团强度较强者为好，软麦更优于硬麦。对具体指标进行了讨论。     

兰州拉面专用粉对小麦品质的要求 Ⅰ. 拉面食用评价与小麦粉常规品质的关系

用72个小麦品种(系)研究了面粉品质与兰州拉面品质之间的关系。结果表明，小麦粉蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、SDS沉淀值都与拉面评分呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.61、0.50和0.60。面团流变学特性中的面团筋力（W）、弹性指数（I.e.）、膨胀指数（G）、面团弹性（L）、面团韧性（P）与拉面最终评分呈极显著正相关，其中W值与     

枣渣面条研制及品质研究

将枣渣超微粉碎制得枣渣粉,再加入小麦粉中制成枣渣面条,并通过添加改良剂谷朊粉和魔芋胶来改善口感粗糙的问题,最终枣渣粉面条的工艺为枣渣粉添加量25%,谷朊粉添加量4%,魔芋粉添加量0.5%,在此条件下制作的面条感官品质好,无苦涩味,口感细腻,并具有浓郁枣香味,提高了面条膳食纤维含量。     

利用转基因技术改良小麦品质的研究进展

小麦作为世界丰要粮食来源,其转基因遗传改良受到广泛关注.随着生活水平的提高,人们对面食品各种品质的需求也越来越高,利用转基因技术对小麦进行品质改良成为近几年小麦研究的热点.小麦品质包括加工品质和营养品质,加工品质又包括磨粉品质和食品加工品质.目前的小麦品质改良中,磨粉品质的改良主要通过提高籽粒硬度(grain hardness)基因pin的含量;食品加工品质的改良主要通过提高小麦高分子量谷蛋白业基(high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit,HMW-GS),尤其是1ny10、1Dx5及1Ax1亚基的含量;小麦的营养品质改良主要是提高赖氨酸及铁结合蛋白的含量;面粉白度是衡量面粉品质的重要性状之一,利用转基因技术从遗传因素进行的面粉白度改良主要集中在对多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)的抑制上;淀粉品质是小麦品质的一个重要方面,淀粉品质改良的研究主要集中在对支链含量相关淀粉基因的研究上.本文就应用转基因技术对小麦品质在这五个方面的改良进行了概括介绍,并对其中存在的问题进行了探讨.     

TOM与中国面条煮面品质的关系

本文以面条感官鉴定方法和用于鉴定意大利实心细面条品质的煮熟面条冲洗水中全有机物含量的方法鉴定了３０个普通小麦品种的面条煮面品质及熟面条冲洗水中有机物含量,分析了ＴＯＭ与中国面条煮面品质的关系。结果表明：ＴＯＭ与感官鉴定总评分及除适口性和食味２外的其它分项密切相关,ＴＯＭ也可以用于鉴定中国条煮面品质。本文还探讨了把ＴＯＭ作为中国面条煮面品种指标的选择标准。     

速冻香椿面条的制作

利用现代速冻技术,制做了速冻香椿面条。经过品质检测和感官评价,速冻香椿面条不仅符合消费者口感,具有浓郁的香椿气味,而且可以进行规模化生产。无论是促进香椿产业化,还是促进速冻食品的发展,都具有现实意义。     

利用单倍体育种技术快速培育糯性小麦新品系

该研究利用关东 10 7和白火麦为亲本做常规杂交 ,用玉米花粉对其杂种F1进行单倍体诱导 ,单倍体加倍后得到 50个DH系 ,对这些DH系进行SDS—PAGE电泳分析 ,有 6个株系是糯性小麦 ,其基因型为wx -aabbdd ;同时进行了这些DH株系种子的I2 -KI染色 ,上述 6株系种子胚乳染色均为棕红色。这 2种方法同时证明该 6个DH系为纯合糯性株系 ,说明SDS -PAGE电泳和I2 -KI染色方法鉴定糯性小麦是可靠的和准确的。该文还分析了 6个小麦株系在株高、单株穗数、千粒重及粒质地等性状上的异同。糯性小麦由于具有支链淀粉含量高、高峰粘度高和膨胀势高等特点 ,成为面条专用小麦 ;支链淀粉在轻工、医药等行业应用广泛。因此 ,糯性小麦的培育成功为小麦品质育种研究和支链淀粉的开发利用开辟了一条新途径     

小麦高分子量谷蛋白亚基缺失品质效应研究进展

高分子量谷蛋白亚基（high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits,HMW-GS）是小麦籽粒贮藏蛋白的重要组成成分,其数量和质量与品质密切相关。聚合优质HMW-GS可改良强筋小麦制品面包品质,相反HMW-GS缺失可能在弱筋小麦制品饼干、糕点或其他特色食品品质改良上具有重要应用价值。本文从小麦HMW-GS缺失的类型和机制、贮藏蛋白组分和蛋白体发育、面粉和面团品质效应以及食品加工品质改良等方面进行了综述,分析了当前小麦HMW-GS缺失研究利用中存在的问题,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Variation in quality traits in common wheat as related to Chinese fresh white noodle quality

The variation in grain compositional traits related to Chinese fresh white noodle (CFWN) quality was examined in 25 leading Chinese common wheat cultivars and advanced lines. Large variations were observed in flour yield, flour particle size, protein and ash contents, farinograph and rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) parameters, flour colour components, and polyphenol oxydase (PPO) activity. An improved sensory method was proposed for adequately evaluating CFWN quality of common wheat flour based on methodology used in the Japanese quality scoring system for white salted noodles, but with major modifications in the score weight given to each noodle quality parameter. Large differences in CFWN quality were observed among Chinese wheat cultivars. The correlation coefficients (r) between starch paste breakdown (RVA) and noodle viscoelasticity and smoothness were 0.63 and 0.59, respectively, suggesting that in breeding wheat for high CFWN quality, the starch pasting properties are of major importance. Low ash content was significantly correlated (r = – 0.66) with bright white noodle colour.     

小麦胚芽综合开发利用研究进展

小麦胚芽中含有丰富的营养成分和生理活性物质,具有很高的营养价值和保健功效。通过阐述小麦胚芽的综合开发利用,即小麦胚芽制备、小麦胚芽油与小麦胚芽蛋白的营养功效成分、提取工艺方法以及深加工产品,对小麦胚芽食品的开发进展进行研究,为小麦胚芽产品开发提供参考。     

中国小麦蛋白质品质性状分析及主要影响因子的研究进展

小麦是中国第三大粮食作物,是人类所需蛋白质的重要来源,其品质的优劣和产量的高低,直接影响着农业经济及食品行业的发展。研究和改良小麦蛋白质品质成为解决这一矛盾的关键。以国内外发表的论文为基础,分析了中国小麦蛋白质品质现状及存在的问题,从遗传模型、主要影响因素以及蛋白质性状与其他品质性状间的相关关系等的研究进展进行了综述。讨论了小麦蛋白质品质现状问题和优质小麦选育的方法建议,以期为优质小麦改良研究提供理论依据。     

Inheritance and chromosomal location of the homoeologous genes affecting phenol colour reaction of kernels in durum wheat

End-use quality of wheat for noodles is influenced by polyphenol oxidase activity and its corresponding substrates. This study investigated the chromosomal location of genes that determine phenol colour reaction of kernels in tetraploid wheat using aneuploid stocks. Polyphenol oxidase activity was estimated by the colour reaction of kernels to phenol solution. It was found that the genes located on homoeologous group 2 chromosomes have an important effect on the level of phenol colour reaction of kernels. The genes (Tc1 and Tc2) responsible for high phenol colour reaction of kernels were mapped to the long arms of chromosome 2A and chromosome 2B, respectively. The map distances were estimated to be 46.8 cM for Tc1 and 40.7 cM for Tc2 from the centromere using double-diltelosomics of durum wheat.     

复合营养燕麦面条加工品质特性评价

主要研究了面条加工过程中,添加一定比例的燕麦粉对面条感官品质和质构的影响。结果表明,在小麦粉中添加一定量的燕麦粉,面条的色泽、表面状况、韧性、光滑性、适口性等感官特性都有改善,面条的弹性和拉断应力等物性参数得到改变。当燕麦粉添加量为10%时,面条的感官评价和营养价值均得到极大提高。因此,建议在面条加工中添加质量分数10%的燕麦粉为宜。     

苦杏仁面条的研制

以苦杏仁和面粉为主要原料,介绍了苦杏仁的主要化学成分及作用,在此基础上研究了苦杏仁挂面的生产工艺。