籽用南瓜新品种梅亚雪城2号的选育

利用杂种优势选育出植株形态、果形、皮色、种片大小一致,抗病性强,产量高且稳定的籽用南瓜杂交优良品种梅亚雪城2号。该品种植株生长势强,叶色浓绿,分枝性较弱,第1朵雌花着生节位第9～10节。果实扁圆形,果皮银灰色;单瓜产籽量100～117g,单瓜籽数300粒,每hm2产量1400kg;种片横径12mm,纵径22mm,百粒重36.52g;蛋白质含量35.39%,较常规品种增加8.35%;籽粒长椭圆形,雪白,商品性好。全生育期105d。于2006年2月通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

籽用美洲南瓜种子产量构成因子的相关及通径分析

以125份内蒙古河套地区籽用南瓜种美洲南瓜栽培种为材料,对单瓜种子产量与其它8个主要产量因子(瓜纵径、瓜横径、单瓜重、单瓜种子数、种子长、种子宽、种子厚、百粒重)进行了相关分析、通径分析及回归分析.结果表明:单瓜种子产量与大部分产量性状间存在着极其密切的相关关系,但经通径分析进一步发现,只有单瓜种子数和百粒重对单瓜种子产量存在直接作用关系,其它产量性状主要通过这2个产量性状对单瓜种子产量构成起间接作用;在其它产量性状保持在平均水平的条件下,提高单瓜种子产量的有效途径是增加单瓜种子数目、百粒重和单瓜重;果形指数与种子产量之间的研究结果表明,单瓜种子产量随着果形指数的增大先增加后减少,当果形指数为3.2时,种子产量最高.     

籽用南瓜新品种‘金龙瓜1号’

‘金龙瓜1号’为杂交一代籽用南瓜新品种。植株短蔓型,生长势强,主蔓第1朵雌花在第6 ~ 8节,单株结瓜1 ~ 3个。瓜长圆球形,横径18 ~ 25 cm,纵径30 ~ 40 cm,单瓜质量3 ~ 5 kg。瓜籽长1.9 cm,宽1.3 cm,产籽量1 250 kg · hm-2。田间表现抗白粉病、霜霉病,适应性广,适宜在黑龙江省种植。     

籽用美洲南瓜新品种“金龙瓜1号”的选育

籽用美洲南瓜"金龙瓜1号"是杂交一代短蔓、高产、抗病新品种。母本‘GM’是黑龙江省优良短蔓自交系,父本‘GF’是由俄罗斯引进高产抗病材料选育而成。"金龙瓜1号"属中熟品种,生育日数105 d左右,需≥10℃活动积温2 300℃以上;植株短蔓,生长健壮,叶片浓绿,单株坐瓜1~2个,瓜长圆球形,横径18~25 cm,纵径30~40 cm,单瓜质量3.9~5.0 kg。瓜籽长1.9 cm,宽1.3 cm,公顷产籽量1 250 kg。田间表现抗白粉病、霜霉病,适合在黑龙江省推广。     

籽用南瓜新品种银辉3号的选育

银辉3号是由自交系088-3和98-06配制而成的籽用型印度南瓜一代杂种,植株生长势强,第1雌花着生于第6~8节,生育期110 d(天)左右。老熟瓜灰色,近圆形。单瓜质量4~5 kg,每667 m^2瓜籽产量88.6~110.5 kg,单瓜产籽200~300粒,百粒重40~50 g。瓜籽雪白色,籽宽1.4 cm,籽长2.3 cm。对病毒病和白粉病的抗性强于对照甘南1号,适宜在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古等地种植。     

中国南瓜主要产量相关性状的灰色系统分析

运用灰色关联分析方法,研究20份中国南瓜种的不同农艺性状之间的关系,分析各性状对产量的贡献大 小,明确各性状对南瓜育种目标性状影响的主次关系。结果表明：各农艺性状与总产量的关联度大小依次为单株 产量、单瓜质量、瓜外横径、侧壁肉厚、第1雌花节位、瓜内腔横径、瓜外纵径、瓜纵径下果肉厚、瓜内腔纵径、 种子千粒质量、瓜柄长、瓜柄直径、瓜形指数、瓜纵径上果肉厚。结果表明,以产量作为育种目标应着重从单株 产量和单瓜质量,其次从瓜外横径、侧壁肉厚、第1雌花节位等农艺性状进行选育。     

籽用南瓜新品种银辉2号的选育

银辉2号是由从欧洲引入籽用南瓜白板类型专用品种玛丽单株套袋自交选育出的自交系95-23和地方品种虎林面瓜自交系进行杂交,然后在后代分离群体中通过系统选择育成的籽用南瓜新品种。植株生长势强,主茎有少量分枝,第1雌花着生于第6～8节,坐瓜节位为第10～12节,生育期115 d（天）左右,老熟瓜为灰色,瓜形扁圆。单瓜质量4～6 kg,3～5个心室,单瓜产籽300～350粒,百粒质量35～40 g,瓜籽雪白色,籽宽1.2 cm以上,籽长2.16 cm。每667 m²产瓜籽75～100 kg。较抗病毒病和白粉病。     

厚皮甜瓜果实含糖量和单瓜重与其植物学性状的直线相关分析

厚皮甜瓜果实含糖量和单瓜重与其植物学性状的直线相关分析本文对３５个厚皮甜瓜材料的果实含糖量和单瓜重与子房纵径、横径、纵径×横径，花柄长、粗、长×粗，叶片纵径、横径、纵径×横径，果实纵径、横径、纵径×横径等１２个植物学性状和播种至开花天数、开花至成熟天...     

籽用西葫芦新品种丰田118的选育

丰田118是以优良自交系RDS106-15-7-3-3-4为母本,以丰选8为父本配制而成的中晚熟籽用西葫芦一代杂种。短蔓型,植株健壮,不宜早衰,坐瓜性强,单株坐瓜2~3个。老瓜浅黄色,瓜长圆筒形。籽腔大,单瓜籽粒350粒左右,千粒重210 g左右,籽粒洁白、饱满,整齐均匀。籽仁深绿,商品性好,每667 m2产籽量180 kg左右。田间对白粉病的抗性强于对照瑞丰9号,适宜在甘肃省河西地区及同类生态区种植。     

菜用大豆鲜荚粒性状的遗传潜力分析

对15个菜用大豆品种鲜荚采摘期的农艺性状及品质性状的遗传潜力进行了研究。相关分析表明:鲜百粒重与荚宽,单株粒数与单株荚数,地上部生物学产量与鲜荚产量、鲜粒质量,鲜荚产量与鲜粒质量,单株荚数与地上部生物学产量间呈显著正相关。鲜籽粒脂肪含量与地上部生物学产量、鲜粒质量间呈显著负相关。鲜百粒重、鲜籽粒蛋白质含量的遗传力相对较高,单株产量的遗传变异系数较大,鲜荚产量和单株产量的遗传进度最大。     

变温处理杂交辣椒种子对其植株生物学性状及果实发育的影响

对杂交辣椒种子经变温处理后对其植株生物学性状及果实发育的影响进行了研究.试验结果表明,变温处理杂交辣椒种子植株株高、株幅、最大叶面积均明显高于对照植株;第1雌花节位较对照降低;单果种子数、单株结果数、单株种子质量、小区种子产量和折667 m2的产量均较对照有所增加.     

辣椒主要农艺性状的相关性及通径分析

对辣椒10个农艺性状进行相关性和通径分析,估测了各性状之间的相关性及几个农艺性状对产量的相对重要性。试验结果表明,单株果数与单果质量呈显著负相关,果肉厚与果长、果宽呈显著正相关,株高、果宽、果肉厚、单果质量等性状都与产量呈显著正相关。通径分析表明,单株果数对产量的直接作用相当大,直接通径系数为0.9319,平均单瓜质量对产量的直接作用较大,直接通径系数为0.8421,因此,在辣椒育种中,应同时考虑单株结果数和单果质量2个性状。     

子莲主要农艺性状与产量的相关及通径分析

对7 份子莲材料的主要农艺性状与产量进行相关及通径分析。结果表明：子莲11 个主要农艺性状与产量相关性强
弱为：莲蓬数＞花托直径＞单粒鲜莲子质量＞单个鲜花托质量＞平均心皮数＞鲜果实横径＞结实率＞叶柄粗＞鲜果实纵径＞
叶片长半径＞叶柄高。其中,莲蓬数、花托直径和单粒鲜莲子质量与产量呈极显著或显著正相关。从通径分析结果来看,莲
蓬数、单个鲜花托质量、结实率、平均心皮数对子莲产量的影响主要取决于直接作用;花托直径、鲜果实横径、鲜果实纵径、
叶柄粗对子莲产量的影响主要取决于间接作用;而叶柄高、叶片长半径、单粒鲜莲子质量对子莲产量的影响则通过直接和间
接共同起作用。综合以上分析,提高子莲产量的主攻方向是提高单位面积莲蓬数、单个鲜花托质量、平均心皮数和结实率,
同时兼顾花托直径、单粒鲜莲子质量的增加,并协调好它们之间的关系。     

朝天椒种质材料主要园艺性状差异性分析

对156个朝天椒种质材料的形态特征、主要园艺性状等方面的差异性进行研究分析,结果表明：朝天椒种质材料形态差异主要表现在株型、果形、果色、果实着生特征、叶形、叶色、花型、花色、茎杆色等方面;主要园艺性状的差异主要表现在全生育期、苗期、花果期,株高、株幅、茎粗、始花节高、侧枝数、叶长、叶宽、果长、果宽、果肉厚、单株挂果数、单果重、单果种子数、种子千粒重等性状,其变异系数分别为4．59％、6．32％、10．25％、15．31％、19．31％、13．44％、13．66％、55．52％、7．36％、15．01％、47．90％、37．93％、30．77％、61．34％、62．32％、34．11％、1．32％。．     

4种叶面肥在设施白黄瓜上的喷施效果

为选择合适的叶面肥,研究了叶满绿800倍液(F1)、绿叶先锋667倍液(F2)、三效绿叶神600倍液(F3)、植物益生源2000倍液(F4)4种叶面肥苗期喷施对白黄瓜植物学性状、抗病性及产量的影响。试验结果表明,喷施叶面肥后,除雌花开放最高节位外,4种叶面肥处理的其他植物学性状优于对照(喷清水),雌花节率、瓜长、瓜粗、单瓜质量、产量均高于对照,其中F3和F4处理的黄瓜植株综合表现最好、单瓜质量最大、667 m2产量最高、发病率最低。     

红籽瓜主要产量性状的遗传力及相关性分析

以红籽瓜农家品种及自交系为供试材料,采用随机区组试验设计,用方差分析法估算了单株坐瓜数、单瓜重、单瓜种子数、单瓜种子重、种仁重、千粒重、出仁率、产籽率和种子体积的广义遗传力;并对43个红籽瓜品种9个产量性状的遗传力、遗传变异系数和相关性进行了研究。结果表明,上述9个产量性状的广义遗传力分别为12.86%,80.14%,75.96%,74.39%,48.01%,17.12%,24.97%,18.60%和37.07%。单瓜重、单瓜种子数和单瓜种子重的遗传力较高,对其进行早世代单株选择有较好的效果;遗传变异系数以千粒重和出仁率较高,选择潜力大。性状间相关性的研究表明:通过对单瓜重的选择,可实现对单瓜种子数、单瓜种子重、种仁重和种子体积等性状的间接选择。并对红籽瓜产量性状遗传力分析结果及其在育种中的应用进行了讨论。     

Direct and indirect effects of seed related characters on number of seed in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits

Dessert quality of guava fruit is considerably reduced by high seed content. Number of seeds in guava is associated with different seed and fruit characters. Influence of different seed characters on number of seeds per fruit (NSPF) was studied by analysing character association and direct and indirect effects on NSPF and seed related traits for 68 genotypes of guava collected from diverse sources and conserved at National Active Germplasm Site, CISH, Lucknow. Seed related characters were studied at the colour break stage of the fruits using image analysis software for counting number of seeds. The data was subjected to path analysis to find out direct and indirect effects of different characters on number of seeds in the fruits. At genotypic and phenotypic levels, NSPF was significantly and positively associated with seed weight per fruit (SWPF), number of seeds 100 g⁻¹ pulp (NSPHP) and fruit weight (FW). The genotypic (0.0029) and phenotypic (0.0563) residual values were fairly very low, which revealed that variables included in this study had significant contribution in determining NSPF. The NSPHP exhibited high positive direct effect on NSPF. The maximum direct response (P = 0.737, G = 1.004) of this component was attributed to the indirect positive effects of the SWPF and fruit:seed weight proportion (FSWP). SWPF also had a very high positive direct effect (P = 0.521, G = 0.694) on the NSPF. Correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that SWPF, NSPHP and 100-seed weight (100SW) were deciding factors for realizing improvement for NSPF. The importance of small seeded genotypes in selection of less seeded varieties was emphasized.     

Pollen Source Influences Fruit Quality,Aril Properties,and Seed Characteristics in Pomegranate

A study was conducted to determine the effect of pollen source on fruit, aril, and seed characteristics in pomegranate. The cultivar Malas Yazdi was pollinated with three pollen sources including: Rabab Neyriz (a commercial cultivar), Malas Pishva Varamin (selected superior local cultivar), and Poost Sefid Dezful (non-commercial cultivar). The results showed that the rate of fruit set from different pollen sources varied from 13% to 46%. Pollen source also had significant effects on other fruit properties, such as fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit length and diameter, fruit peel color, fruit peel thickness, and edible portion of the fruit. Aril characteristics including number of arils per fruit, aril length and diameter, aril weight, and aril color were also significantly affected by pollen source as well as seed physical properties, including seed weight, seed length and diameter, seed hardness, and seed toughness. However ‘Malas Pishva Varamin’ as a pollinizer showed the lowest rate of fruit set, but performed better in terms of fruit quality and seed characteristic than ‘Rabab Neyriz’ and ‘Poost Sefid Dezful’. This is the first observation of xenia effect in pomegranate breeding and could serve as a new area of research for pomegranate production. These findings suggest that selection of suitable pollinizer could be a new area of research for pomegranate production.     

Line × tester analysis of combining-ability and heterosis for some economic characters in okra

In okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moensch), heterosis over the mid-parental values was manifested in all the characters studied. However, overdominance was observed only for days to first flowering, fruit length, plant height, fruit weight and yield per plant. Among the testers, ‘Pusa Sawani’ was found to be the best general combiner for yield and most other characters, whereas ‘Pusa Sawani’ (Bangalore lot-NSC) and ‘Crimson Spineless’ were observed to be high general combiners for yield and other desirable attributes amongst the females. Gene action based on the general and specific combining ability variances for various characters was found to be mainly non-additive.‘Pusa Sawani’ (Bangalore lot-NSC) × ‘Smooth Long Green’ was found to be a good cross combination for number of fruits per plant and fruit yield. Another good combination for plant height and fruit yield was ‘American Seven Dhari’ × ‘Pusa Sawani’.