超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理对贮藏期鲜切苹果的护色作用

以超声波(40 kHz、300 W)辅助异抗坏血酸(0.5 g/L)处理鲜切苹果,通过测定褐变指数(BI)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、多酚及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以鲜切无任何处理样品为对照组,探讨超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理(试验组)对鲜切苹果的护色效果.结果表明,在贮藏期内,试验组鲜切苹果的BI值、PPO活性及POD活性均低于对照组,而多酚含量高于对照组.在贮藏初期和后期,试验组PAL活性显著低于对照组,而MDA含量在贮藏初期显著低于对照组.通过超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理,可以有效抑制褐变关键酶活性,继而延缓贮藏期鲜切苹果的褐变.     

柠檬酸-超声波复合处理对鲜切马铃薯PPO和POD活性的抑制效果

利用柠檬酸-超声波(Citric acid-ultrasonic,CA-US)复合处理,抑制鲜切马铃薯多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)活性,进而减少酶促褐变的产生。首先,考查了CA-US复合处理条件对鲜切马铃薯PPO和POD活性的影响。其次,考查了CA-US组合处理对鲜切马铃薯在贮藏过程PPO活性的影响。结果表明,鲜切马铃薯最佳CA-US复合处理条件为超声时间7.5 min,超声功率360 W,柠檬酸溶液质量分数1%。随着贮藏时间(0～180 min)的延长,鲜切马铃薯PPO和POD活性均呈现先上升而后下降的趋势,而经CA-US复合处理的样品PPO和POD活性,均低于未处理样品。在贮藏180 min时,未处理鲜切马铃薯的a*值显著增加(p0.05),而L~*值显著降低(p0.05),而经CA-US复合处理的样品并没有显著变化(p0.05)。     

芳香植物纯露处理对鲜切芋头保鲜效果的影响

为了探究芳香植物纯露对鲜切芋头的保鲜效果,本研究观测了迷迭香纯露(RMH)、薄荷纯露(PH)和玫瑰纯露(RH)处理对4℃冷藏鲜切芋头感官品质的影响。其中,RH处理对鲜切芋头褐变的控制效果最好,为了探究其对鲜切芋头褐变的生理机理,探讨了RH处理对苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性和总酚含量的影响。结果表明,RMH、PH和RH处理均能有效延缓鲜切芋头硬度的下降、降低病情指数、抑制褐变,表明纯露对鲜切芋头有较好的保鲜效果;同时,RH处理降低了PAL和PPO活性以及总酚含量,表明纯露通过抑制酚类物质的生物合成和氧化代谢而控制鲜切芋头的褐变。本研究为芳香植物纯露的资源化利用和鲜切果蔬保鲜剂的开发提供了新思路。     

不同处理对鲜切莴苣褐变及贮藏品质的影响

以莴苣为研究材料,以10 g/L L-抗坏血酸、5 g/L柠檬酸、0.2 g/L水杨酸和0.2 g/L阿魏酸处理鲜切莴苣,去离子水浸泡为对照组,通过测定褐变度、总酚、类黄酮、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,探讨不同抗褐变剂对鲜切莴苣褐变的影响。结果表明,4种抗褐变剂处理均能够有效抑制酶促褐变有关酶活性的升高,减少多酚物质的含量,降低褐变度,有效地保证了鲜切莴苣的贮藏品质,其中0.2 g/L阿魏酸处理的效果最好。     

6-苄氨基嘌呤处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响

为探究不同浓度6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)处理对鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢的影响,以桂蹄3号新鲜荸荠为试材,采用浓度分别为100、200、400 mg/L的6-BA浸泡鲜切荸荠3 min,以纯水浸泡处理为对照(CK),测定贮藏过程中总酚、类黄酮、醌、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H2O2)含量变化以及多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等相关指标.结果表明:与对照相比,6-BA处理减少了总酚、类黄酮、醌类等呈色物质的积累,进而有效抑制了鲜切荸荠褐变,维持了鲜切荸荠贮藏期间的色泽,同时降低了PPO、POD和PAL等褐变相关酶活性;此外,6-BA处理抑制了鲜切荸荠中MDA和H2O2含量,提高了贮藏期间CAT和SOD活性,进而提升了鲜切荸荠在贮藏期间的品质.通过对比不同浓度6-BA处理效果可知,400 mg/L 6-BA处理在抑制鲜切荸荠褐变及活性氧代谢方面效果最好.     

高能电子束辐照对鲜切牛蒡贮藏品质和褐变的影响

分别采用0.5、1.0 kGy剂量的电子束处理牛蒡鲜切片,测定分析其在(3±1)℃温度下贮藏8 d期间生理和品质的变化,研究不同剂量高能电子束辐照对鲜切牛蒡贮藏品质和褐变的影响。结果表明:高能电子束辐照处理能明显延缓鲜切牛蒡贮藏过程中的褐变;抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)的活性;降低总酚物质和丙二醛(MDA)含量,有助于维持鲜切牛蒡的贮藏品质。其中以1.0 kGy剂量辐照处理的鲜切牛蒡防褐变保鲜效果为好。     

一氧化氮对冷藏鲜切桃贮藏品质的影响

为探究适宜的鲜切桃冷藏条件下抑制褐变的方法,将鲜切"蒙阴"桃分别在清水(对照)、5、10、15μmol/L一氧化氮(NO)溶液中浸泡5 min,并于5℃下贮藏10 d,研究NO对鲜切桃贮藏期间品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,NO处理有效延缓了鲜切桃片褐变度的升高以及硬度、L^*值、可溶性固形物含量的下降,从而使鲜切桃在贮藏期间保持了较好的外观品质;同时NO处理减低了多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性高峰值,从而降低了褐变程度,提高了鲜切桃超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,抑制了丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)和总酚含量的上升,提高了鲜切桃片的贮藏品质,其中以10μmol/L NO保鲜效果最好。由此表明,10μmol/L NO处理是一种较好的抑制鲜切桃褐变的加工方法。     

超声处理对鲜切马铃薯褐变的影响

以鲜切马铃薯为研究对象,研究不同超声处理对鲜切马铃薯在4℃下贮藏过程中L值、a值、b值、总酚含量、抑制多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化。结果表明,超声处理能有效抑制鲜切马铃薯亮度和色度的变化,降低总酚含量,抑制PPO和POD的活性;其中,25℃下300 W超声处理8 min效果最佳。     

北青龙衣褐变机制的研究

北青龙衣在由鲜品到干品的贮藏期间会出现失水、颜色变深等褐变现象。研究该褐变过程发生的机制,为控制褐变、提高药材的稳定性提供试验依据。采用北青龙衣鲜果果皮,4℃低温贮藏,研究其褐变度(browning degree,BD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonialyase,PAL)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性变化、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、总多酚(total polyphenols,TP)、还原糖含量及维生素C(Vitamin C,VC)含量变化。试验数据显示果皮颜色变深、TP含量下降、PPO活性降低、PAL活性上升、SOD和POD活性先上升后下降、MDA含量升高、还原糖和VC含量下降。BD与PPO、SOD、POD活性和TP含量呈显著负相关,与PAL活性呈显著正相关,与VC和还原糖无显著相关性。北青龙衣贮藏过程中发生了酶促褐变和非酶褐变,且以酶促褐变为主,PPO在酶促褐变中可能起主要作用。     

VE对鲜切荸荠酶促褐变的影响

以新鲜荸荠为试材,以褐变指数为评价指标,研究了VE浓度和处理时间对鲜切荸荠酶促褐变的影响,结果表明,抑制鲜切荸荠酶促褐变的最佳处理为0.04％的VE无水乙醇(1％)水溶液,处理时间为30 min.分别将最佳工艺处理样品和对照样品在1℃条件下贮藏,分析二者的褐变指数、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、总可溶性固形物(TSS)含量、硬度、VC含量.结果表明:VE抑制了鲜切荸荠PPO活性的升高,从而可以抑制鲜切荸荠酶促褐变4～6 d,同时抑制了TSS含量的增加、硬度和VC含量的下降.     

不同保鲜剂对鲜切娃娃菜贮藏品质及抗氧化活性的影响

为改善兰州高原夏菜娃娃菜鲜切后的贮藏品质,以兰州高原夏菜娃娃菜为试材,分别使用0.5 mmol/L水杨酸、0.1%溶菌酶和6 mg/L二氧化氯3种保鲜剂和蒸馏水浸泡鲜切娃娃菜,通过测定鲜切娃娃菜的色差值、失重率、叶绿素含量和过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性等指标,研究不同保鲜剂对鲜切娃娃菜贮藏品质及抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明:0.1%溶菌酶、0.5 mmol/L水杨酸和6 mg/L二氧化氯均可有效保持鲜切娃娃菜的感官品质,延缓营养物质的消耗,提高娃娃菜贮藏期间的抗氧化活性。从总体效果来看,0.1%溶菌酶处理效果最好,能够有效抑制贮藏期间鲜切娃娃菜叶绿素、抗坏血酸(VC)、总黄酮、总酚的消耗,使POD活性增加、PPO活性降低。     

Effect of solution pH of cysteine-based pre-treatments to prevent browning of fresh-cut artichokes

Fresh-cut artichokes were treated with cysteine in the form of aqueous solutions of l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate at 0.5% (w/v) normal pH 2.2 adjusted to different pH values with NaOH (from 2 to 7). General appearance and colour measurements during storage at 5 °C showed different degrees of suppression of darkening on cut surfaces. Cysteine pre-treatments caused an increase in the yellow index (b* value) of fresh-cut artichokes compared to untreated samples, which was more pronounced at lower pH (47.9 versus the initial value of 28.3 after 1 day). Artichokes treated at lower pH values also had a lower appearance score and higher PPO activity than artichokes treated at higher values, closer to neutrality. Starting from 3 days of storage a negative correlation between solution pH and PPO activity was also observed, that for artichokes treated with cysteine at pH 7 was lower than for control samples. l-cysteine pre-treatments did not affect total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut artichokes, which showed an increasing pattern after 8 days. These data may represent an important step in prevention of browning in fresh-cut artichokes.     

Effect of minimal processing on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut ‘Kent’ mango (Mangifera indica L.)

The influence of dipping in ascorbic acid, citric acid and calcium chloride (AA + CA + CaCl₂) solution and storage time on color, bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut mango ‘Kent’ stored at 5 °C was evaluated. The treated mangoes showed better color retention during storage than control mangoes. The dipping treatments with AA + CA + CaCl₂ significantly increased the vitamin C values compared with untreated mango cubes. β-Carotene was not affected by dipping treatments and vitamin E showed a significant decline over storage time for both treated and untreated mango cubes. However, higher vitamin E values were found in treated mangoes. Dipped cubes had higher antioxidant activity measured as TEAC and %RSA than controls. In general, addition of ascorbic acid as an anti-browning agent not only retarded quality loss of fresh-cut mango cubes but also promoted significant increases in antioxidant activity in comparison with control samples.     

超高压处理对鲜切山药片质量的影响

为研究适宜的鲜切山药片的保藏方法,采用超高压处理对鲜切山药片进行保鲜。将鲜切山药片分别采用0MPa、200MPa、400MPa和600MPa加压处理10min后,在4℃条件下贮藏9d,分析超高压处理对贮藏期间鲜切山药片中细菌总数、多酚氧化酶活性、褐变指数、可溶性固形物、总酸和维生素C含量的影响。结果表明：600MPa压力处理10min后,可抑制于褐变相关的多酚氧化酶,抑制微生物生长,产品在4℃条件下贮藏9d后,仍然可具有较好的理化指标,表明该法是一种较好的鲜切山药片的保藏方法。     

几种可食性膜对鲜切马铃薯褐变抑制的比较

选用卡拉胶、壳聚糖、海藻酸钠为涂膜主原料,对鲜切马铃薯进行涂膜处理,低温条件下冷藏,分别对其褐变度、多酚氧化酶活性及感官色泽进行测定.并以马铃薯护色剂处理作对照,比较各种涂膜对其褐变抑制的效果.结果表明,海藻酸钠涂膜能有效地抑制马铃薯褐变,其作用优于其它涂膜原料,与护色剂抑制作用相当.     

不同杀秧时间对马铃薯周皮形态及生理变化的影响

为确定适宜的马铃薯杀秧时期,达到降低采收损伤、提高块茎贮藏品质的目的,以马铃薯青薯9号为试材,研究了采收前0、7、14 d进行机械杀秧处理对马铃薯产量、品质和块茎表皮擦伤程度的影响,并在此基础上对贮藏期间块茎的呼吸强度、苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性、过氧化物酶（PPO）活性、木质素含量、表皮微观组织结构、失重率和腐烂率的变化进行研究。结果表明,与对照相比,在采收前14 d杀秧处理虽然一定程度降低了马铃薯产量和大中薯率,但促进了块茎周皮木栓层的形成,采收时表皮擦伤程度降低44.66%,同时降低了块茎贮藏期间的呼吸代谢速率,抑制了表皮PAL及PPO活性的升高,促进了表皮木质素的积累,减缓了块茎失重率和腐烂率的上升。综合分析,采收前14 d杀秧处理的采后减损效果优于不杀秧和采收前7 d杀秧处理,该研究可为马铃薯采前杀秧提供一定的技术指导和理论参考。     

截形叶螨取食对马铃薯酶活性的影响

为明确截形叶螨(Tetranychus truncatus)取食刺激对不同耐旱型马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)品种酶活性的影响,选择2个马铃薯品种（‘荷兰15号’,早熟,干旱敏感型品种;‘陇薯10号’,晚熟,耐旱型品种）,在人工接螨后,测定7天内马铃薯叶片5种防御酶(CAT、POD、PPO、PAL、LOX)活性的变化。CAT、POD、PPO、PAL、LOX等5种酶活性在受螨害刺激后均表现出不同程度的升高,在时序上都表现为先升高后下降的趋势,且在3天后显著高于CK（未接螨的健康植株）,5种酶均参与了植物机体对害螨的防御反应,以促进受害植株体内自由氧的消减,通过木质素、花青素、生物碱等苯丙素类化合物、氢过氧化物等含量的提高来增强机体防御能力;在螨害7天后,5种酶活性都显著下降,且显著低于CK,说明叶螨在长时间危害后可能导致植株机体紊乱,植株不能很好地持续维持高效的对螨害的防御响应。2个马铃薯品种在叶螨为害后同一时间内,从CAT、PPO和PAL活性变化角度分析,干旱敏感型马铃薯品种表现出较高的抗螨性;被叶螨取食为害后耐旱型马铃薯品种POD活性较高,但干旱敏感型马铃薯品种POD活性增长幅度更大;2个品种在LOX活性上无显著差异。总体分析可得,干旱敏感型马铃薯比耐旱型品种有更高的抗螨性。研究结果可为马铃薯叶螨的科学防治和品种选育提供理论依据。     

Combined effects of sodium chlorite dip treatment and chitosan coatings on the quality of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears

This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.