大黄鱼生长速率差异个体肌肉组织的转录组比较分析

为了探究大黄鱼生长性状的分子调控机制,实验从同一个网箱内养殖的大黄鱼中选取生长速率较快的体重均值为(527.1±83.6) g的个体182尾、生长速率较慢的体重均值为(238.4±52.3) g的个体230尾,共412尾进行研究。对其肌肉组织进行总RNA提取和转录组测序,并对2组进行基因差异表达分析。以Padj <0.05、abs[log₂(FoldChange)]> 1为标准,共筛选到227个差异表达基因,包括125个上调基因、102个下调基因。差异表达基因在NCBI-nr和Uniprot (Swiss-Prot)数据库的注释率分别为99.12%、81.94%。通过差异表达基因的功能注释结果,初步筛选出了可能与肌肉生长相关的候选功能基因,如gdf9、ckm、tnni2和des等。GO和KEGG分析预测出部分与肌肉生长相关的信息,如GO term有肌动蛋白丝组织、肌动蛋白细胞骨架组织、肌动蛋白丝基过程、微管组织中心和发育生长等,KEGG通路有细胞和生长因子、脂肪酸生物合成、转化生长因子-β信号通路(TGF-β信号通路)、胰岛素信号通路和肌动蛋白细胞骨架...     

基于转录组测序筛选乌苏里白鲑肌肉生长关键候选基因研究

为了挖掘调控乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussurinsis Berg)肌肉生长的关键候选基因,本研究对不同生长速度乌苏里白鲑的肌肉组织进行转录组测序,以期为乌苏里白鲑群体选育提供基础数据。首先,在同等条件下(从混合池中)随机选择乌苏里白鲑F2个体进行实验分组(快长组和慢长组)。接着分别从快长组[体重为(219.20±38.66) g]和慢长组[体重为(74.30±17.86) g]中随机选取10尾样本,取其背部肌肉进行转录组测序。以FDR (false discovery rate)<0.05且|log2(FC)|>1 (FC, fold change)为条件筛选差异表达基因并对其进行GO (gene ontology)和KEGG (Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)富集分析,并通过qPCR验证转录组数据的准确性。转录组测序结果显示,共筛选出2 211个差异表达基因,与慢长组相比,快长组中583个差异基因表达上调及1 628个基因表达下调。GO功能注释结果显示,差异基因主要参与细胞过程和结合过程,差异基因显著富集到251条KEGG通路(P<0.05),其中,MAPK信号通路(MAPK signaling pathway)、PI3K-Akt信号通路(PI3K-Akt signaling pathway)、紧密连接(tight junction)、胰岛素信号通路(insulin signaling pathway)、糖酵解/糖异生(glycolysis/gluconeogenesis)和PPAR信号通路(PPAR signaling pathway)参与细胞生长。之后结合功能注释结果和KEGG,鉴定出肌浆/内质网钙ATP酶基因atp2a1和atp2a2、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因g6pc、生长因子结合蛋白1基因igfbp1以及肌球蛋白重链基因myh1、myh4、myh6、myh7、myh9和myh13等可能与肌肉生长密切相关的基因。本研究共筛选出10个可能与乌苏里白鲑肌肉生长相关的关键候选基因,为今后乌苏里白鲑分子标记辅助育种提供了基础数据。     

全同胞家系中生长差异翘嘴鳜肌肉转录组分析

翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)是中国重要的经济水产养殖品种,对翘嘴鳜基因表达模式进行研究有助于筛选优势个体,培育生长特性优良的品种。为了解体重明显差异翘嘴鳜个体的差异基因表达信息,为翘嘴鳜培育提供基因指导,本研究从同一家系中挑选体重明显差异的3月龄翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)个体进行肌肉转录组测序,研究不同体型个体间基因表达模式差异。结果显示,来自同一家系的翘嘴鳜个体在相同养殖条件下仍出现明显体重差异,养殖3个月后,极大个体(overweight)平均体重可达到极小个体(underweight)的4倍。分别对极大个体和极小个体的肌肉组织进行转录组测序,共获得73353个非重复序列基因(unigenes),通过基因表达量比较共获得8942个差异基因,对差异表达基因进行定义发现,GHR2、IGFR1、4ebp、Mhc、Mlc、Troponin等基因在极小个体中具有更高的表达水平。通过KEGG通路富集显示,蛋白质生成、蛋白质消化、RNA转运通路富集了大量差异表达基因。本研究发现体重差异明显的翘嘴鳜个体具有不同基因表达模式,转录组测序获得了大量差异表达基因信息,为翘嘴鳜生长研究提供了丰富的基因资源。     

大黄鱼高温适应的转录组学分析

为了探究大黄鱼高温胁迫条件下基因表达水平的变化,实验利用Illumina Hiseq 2500的125 pair-ended测序模式分别对大黄鱼高温处理组和常温对照组进行了转录组测序。对照组(3个生物学重复)和高温处理组(3个生物学重复)分别获得15.28和13.92 Gb测序数据,GC含量平均值约为51%。过滤后的高质量测序reads使用Bowtie2软件比对到大黄鱼参考转录组序列上估计基因表达量,进而进行基因表达差异统计学检验。以常温对照组为参比,高温处理组中阈值设为|log2(FC)|2和FDR0.05,共检测到1 259条显著差异表达基因。其中,821条基因为高表达,438条基因为低表达。随机选取12条差异表达基因,运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)进行了验证,结果证实转录组分析可靠。进一步将所有差异表达的基因进行GO功能注释和KEGG通路富集分析,结果发现大量差异表达基因的功能与氧化还原反应、蛋白质折叠和去折叠、糖和脂代谢以及某些疾病的发生相关。该研究结果为下一步深入研究大黄鱼高温适应的调控机制提供了重要的参考材料。     

不同体色福瑞鲤2号肌肉品质分析

为探究鲤不同体色个体肌肉品质的差异,本研究以福瑞鲤2号(Cyprinus carpio)青灰色个体(BG)和全红个体(WR)为研究对象,通过检测其肌肉色泽、氨基酸、脂肪酸和质构指标,来评价这2种体色福瑞鲤2号肌肉品质的差异。结果表明：BG的b*^{值显著高于}WR(P<0.05);出肉率以及肌肉的水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和灰分无显著差异(P>0.05);不同体色福瑞鲤2号的肌肉中均能检测出17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸7种,非必需氨基酸10种。甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、组氨酸(His)和半胱氨酸(Cys)在2组间差异不显著(P>0.05),其它氨基酸在2组间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著差异(P<0.01),两种体色福瑞鲤2号之间ΣEAA/ΣTAA没有显著差异(P>0.05);BG肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)显著高于WR(P<0.05),BG的饱和脂肪酸含量较WR稍高,WR的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较BG稍高,两者多不饱和脂肪酸含量相近;WR的弹性和咀嚼性显著高于BG(P<0.05)。研究结果显示体色对福瑞鲤2号的肌肉品质有影响,本研究为鱼类肉质性状改良提供基础数据和参照依据。     

长吻鮠雌雄性腺转录组比较分析

长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)是淡水特色经济鱼类, 其雄性生长速度快于雌性, 培育全雄苗种可显著提高养殖效益。为加快长吻鮠全雄苗种培育进程, 需深入了解长吻鮠性别分化及性腺发育的调控机制。本研究通过 Illumina 高通量测序平台对长吻鮠卵巢和精巢进行转录组测序分析。结果显示, 共有 10872 个雌雄差异表达基因, 其中上调基因 9375 个, 下调基因 1497 个。通过功能注释, 筛选出 71 个与性别相关的重要候选基因, 包括 50 个精巢高表达基因(dmrt1、cyp17a1、samd7、wnt6、wt1 等)和 21 个卵巢高表达基因(foxl2、gdf9、zp3、zp1、figla、bmp15 等)。KEGG 通路富集分析发现, 差异表达基因显著富集到 16 条与性别决定与分化及性腺发育相关的信号通路, 包括 Wnt 信号通路、TGF-β 信号通路、MAPK 信号通路、卵巢类固醇通路、GnRH 信号通路等。本研究筛选出与长吻鮠性别决定和分化相关差异表达基因, 揭示参与其雌雄个体性腺发育的信号通路, 为今后长吻鮠性别决定和分化机制的研究积累重要数据, 从而为其全雄苗种的培育提供理论支撑。     

鲤在阿维菌素胁迫下肝胰腺组织的转录组分析

为了探究阿维菌素胁迫对鲤机体的响应机制,在水温(22±2.0)℃,将体质量(150±30)g的鲤(Cyprinus carpio)分别暴露在阿维菌素浓度0μg·L^-1(对照组)、1.5μg·L^-1和3.0μg·L^-1下5 d,采用转录组学测序分析方法,探究阿维菌素胁迫对鲤肝胰腺转录组学的影响,解析其对鲤的分子毒理机制。通过对所得基因的功能注释发现,被注释的差异基因主要与结合、催化和代谢等功能有关。KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,差异表达基因在药物代谢-细胞色素P450、药物代谢-其他酶、淀粉和蔗糖代谢等通路中显著富集,涉及药物代谢、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢、脂质代谢以及辅助因子和维生素的代谢等多个代谢过程。这些功能基因和预测通路为理解阿维菌素胁迫鲤体内解毒和免疫系统奠定了基础。本研究获得的转录组数据可为深入研究鱼类应对杀虫剂污染物的分子机制提供丰富的基因资源。     

透明草金鱼的皮肤转录组分析

采用Illumina HiSeq技术对体长(45.00±5.42)mm的透明草金鱼和不透明草金鱼皮肤组织透明性状相关基因进行转录组测序.6个组织共产生309364078条过滤序列,组装后获得72083个unigene,平均长度为1321 bp.DESeq分析共筛选出181个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中上调基因66个、...     

绿鳍马面鲀雌雄性腺转录组比较分析

为探明绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)性腺发育相关基因表达特征,优化亲本生殖调控技术,本研究对绿鳍马面鲀雌雄亲体的精巢和卵巢进行了转录组测序分析,经de novo拼装,最终获得119 219个单基因(unigene),N50长度为1 255 bp。在NR、NT、KO、SwissProt、PFAM、GO及KOG数据库分别注释到24 009、35 057、18 453、26 971、30 294、11 420和21 613个unigene。绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢转录组中存在18 954个差异表达基因(DEG),相对于精巢,在卵巢中上调表达的基因有11 265个,下调表达的有7 689个。选取bmp2、sox3、figla、hsd17b1、cyp19a、cyp17、foxl2、star和amh 9个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)验证,结果显示,qRT-PCR结果与RNA-Seq分析相一致。GO和KEGG富集结果分析发现,amh、cyp17和star可能在绿鳍马面鲀雄性精子发生过程中起关键作用;bmp2、foxl2、cyp19a、figla和hsd17b1在雌性卵子发生和卵巢类固醇生成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过比较绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢的转录组表达差异,初步阐明了精巢和卵巢的基因表达特征,为进一步研究绿鳍马面鲀的性腺发育机制奠定了基础。     

青海湖裸鲤盐碱耐受过程中的渗透、免疫、代谢相关基因筛选和分析

为探究青海湖裸鲤在盐碱耐受过程中的基因表达变化,对青海湖河口水域以及入湖淡水河——泉吉河中的青海湖裸鲤的鳃、肾脏组织进行转录组测序,筛选青海湖裸鲤耐盐碱过程中发挥作用的免疫、代谢、渗透相关基因。结果显示,使用Trinity对所有样本质控数据(clean data)进行从头组装后共得到541 429个非冗余的序列(unigene),N50平均长度达612 bp。经差异表达分析发现,共有832个基因在2个区域中的青海湖裸鲤鳃、肾脏中共表达。经GO功能注释分析,注释到结合(binding)、细胞过程(cellular process)、代谢过程(metabolic process)、单一生物过程(single-organism process)的DEGs占比较多。KEGG通路分析结果表明,与免疫、代谢、渗透相关的通路得到了富集。根据差异表达基因的GO注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析,实验初步筛选到了青海湖裸鲤渗透相关基因,主要包括钠/钾转运ATP酶(sodium/potassium-transporting, ATPase)、钙/钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶(calcium/calmodulin-d...     

鲤胰蛋白酶原基因的电子克隆及生物信息学分析

为深入研究胰蛋白酶在鱼类中的生理功能和作用机制,利用生物信息学的方法,成功获得了鲤3种胰凝乳蛋白酶原cDNA序列(ccTRP1、ccTRP2和ccTRP3)并对其进行了序列分析。结果表明,三者均含有一个长度为729bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF),编码由242个氨基酸组成的胰蛋白酶原,其中包括15个氨基酸组成的信号肽和5个氨基酸(LDDDK)组成的激活肽。总平均亲水性GRAVY(grand average of hydropathicity)分析表明,三者均是亲水性蛋白。氨基酸比对结果显示,三者具备胰蛋白酶原的保守结构特征,如含有催化三联体氨基酸(His-57、Asp-102和Ser-195),12个半胱氨酸,位于底物结合口袋底部Asp-189和口袋开口处的Gly-216、Gly-226等。同时,鲤3种胰蛋白酶之间具有90%以上的同源性。进化树结果显示,鲤3种胰蛋白酶均属于Group I(阴离子型胰蛋白酶),且三者的进化距离不一致。     

Effects of dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols (tricaprylin and tricaproin) and phospholipid supply on survival, growth and lipid metabolism in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) larvae

The present study investigated the interaction of dietary medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and phospholipids (PL) on survival, growth and lipid metabolism in common carp larvae. Nine diets based on casein and dextrin and with a variable lipid part were tested in triplicate for 22 days post first feeding. The 3×3 design consisted of three triacylglycerols (3% of diet) combined with three different lipid supplements. Tested triacylglycerols were triolein (TOL), tricaprylin (TC8) and tricaproin (TC6), and lipid supplements were 2% soybean oil (low-fat diets without PL), 2% soybean lecithin (low-fat diets with 2% PL) or both 2% soybean lecithin and 6% TOL (high-fat diets with 2% PL).

In the first step, both TC6 and TC8 resulted in improved survival and growth rates compared to TOL, irrespective of the PL supply. In the second step, TC8 decreased survival and growth rates, whereas the difference between TC6 and TOL became less. Histological signs of impaired intestinal absorption of neutral lipids were evidenced in larvae fed TOL without PL and also in high-fat diets with 2% PL. The latter diets also resulted in poorer growth rates compared to low-fat diets with 2% PL. These results suggest that the quantitative PL requirement of larvae increases as the dietary level of long-chain triacylglycerols increases. Larvae fed TC6 or TC8 showed enlarged liver and hepatocyte volume and a decreased level of body neutral lipids. Based on β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HBA) measurements in whole larvae, TC8 was found to be more ketogenic than TC6. TC6 and TC8 affected differently the fatty acid profile of larval body neutral lipids. TC6 did not induce the appearance of MCFA, whereas TC8 feeding resulted in a low level of 8:0 and relatively high levels of 10:0 (3.8% of total fatty acids). Neither 8:0 nor 10:0 were found in larval polar lipids.

This study confirmed the essentiality of PL in common carp larval diets and underlines differences in the utilization of TC6 and TC8, which both initially stimulate growth during the first week, but only temporarily in the case of TC8.     

鲤胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-2和-3基因启动子克隆与序列分析

胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factors,IGFs)系统对鱼类的生长和繁殖有着重要的作用。利用PCR方法克隆获得了鲤胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白(insulin-like growth factor binding protein,IGFBP)-2和-3基因的上游启动子部分序列,长度分别是1142bp和1067bp。Igfbp-2启动子区域没有TATA框和CAAT框。同时,Igfbp-3中只含有TATA框,但没有CAAT框。研究结果表明,二者启动子不具备典型的启动子特征,同时,在二者启动子上还发现了cAMP应答元件和肝细胞核因子结合位点,以及Pit-1、Oct-1、RXR和GR等结合位点。研究认为,鲤Igfbp-2和-3基因的表达受到潜在的多因子调控。     

福瑞鲤选育家系不同养殖阶段的生长差异分析

为了进一步观察最佳线性无偏预测(best linear unbiased prediction,BLUP)家系选育方法在福瑞鲤(Cyprinus carpio)继代选育中的潜力,该研究测量了继续选育第2代家系群体不同养殖阶段的体质量和形态性状。结果表明,生长快速家系群福瑞鲤早期(4月龄)生长速度较慢,到后期则生长加快,其体质量增长表现出明显的优势。在体型方面,随着养殖时间的延长,福瑞鲤各选育家系群的体厚/体长增加,体高/体长降低,逐渐呈现其体型修长的特征;同时2个越冬期的成活率均达到了94%以上。结果表明通过BLUP家系选育对福瑞鲤长期选育是可行的。在此基础上,通过主成分分析发现,福瑞鲤生长性状第一主成分是体质量;对不同生长时期的体质量进行相关性分析,发现9月龄、14月龄、21月龄鱼的体质量与24月龄的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P0.01),分别为0.851、0.897和0.957。因此,在福瑞鲤继续选育过程中,进行早期个体选择值得尝试。     

Effect of feeding apidaecin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) growth performances and immune function

Effect of apidaecin on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance, feed utilization (Feed Conversion Ratio, FCR) and immune parameters were investigated. Twelve aquaria with three replicates for G1-3 and control were used. The synthesized apidaecin peptide was added to common carp basal diets (Control) as additives in three concentrations: 10.0 mg kg^− 1 (G1), 15.0 mg kg^− 1 (G2) and 30.0 mg kg^− 1 (G3) by wet weight of basal diet. After an 80-day feeding experiment, G2 and G3 showed significantly better (P < 0.05) results of growth performances and FCR than the control. However, there was no remarkable difference (P > 0.05) between G2 and G3. As for G1, the final weight, SGR (Specific Growth Rate) and DG (Daily Gain) were increased and the FCR was decreased, but not significantly (P > 0.05) compared with the control. The serum lysozyme activity of G2 and G3 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) than the control. As for the alternative complement pathway activity, G2 and G3 were also higher (P < 0.05) than the control. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was found whichever between G2 and G3 or between G1 and G2 in both lysozyme and the alternative complement pathway activities. Furthermore, there was no remarkable difference between G1 and the control in immune parameters.     

嗜水气单胞菌刺激下鲤血清质子转运载体15a2(Slc15a2)的表达分析

为解析鲤质子转运载体15a2 (Slc15a2)在嗜水气单胞菌侵染过程中对机体免疫应答机制的影响,实验通过制备鼠源Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2多克隆抗体,采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)技术检测嗜水气单胞菌感染后鲤血清中Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2蛋白表达变化。结果显示,(1)感染后2个拷贝的最高蛋白表达水平与空白对照组相比,分别增加了4.81和2.48倍;与Slc15a2-1相比Slc15a2-2的表达量从0～48 h一直处于较高表达水平。(2)从整体来看,Slc15a2的2个拷贝具有相似的表达趋势,均为先升高后降低、再升高再降低;但Slc15a2-1在3 h达到第1个表达高峰,而Slc15a2-2则在6 h达到第1个表达高峰。(3) 6～24 h的4个时期中,Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2蛋白表达呈现互补的表达趋势,即在同一时期一个拷贝的表达量显著下降,另一个拷贝的表达量显著升高,但总体维持较高表达水平。结果表明,本实验制备的鼠源Slc15a2-1和Slc15a2-2多克隆抗体具有较高的亲和力和特异性,当鲤受到嗜水气单胞菌侵染后,2个拷贝整体具有相似的...     

中国鲤育种的主要方法、遗传解析及展望

为探究鲤不同体色个体肌肉品质的差异,本研究以福瑞鲤2号青灰色个体 (BG)和全红个体 (WR)为对象,通过检测其肌肉色泽、氨基酸、脂肪酸和质构指标,评价这2种体色福瑞鲤2号肌肉品质的差异。结果显示,BG的b^*值显著高于WR;出肉率以及肌肉的水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和灰分无显著差异;不同体色福瑞鲤2号的肌肉中均能检测出17种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸7种,非必需氨基酸10种。甘氨酸 (Gly)、脯氨酸 (Pro)、组氨酸 (His)和半胱氨酸 (Cys)在2组间差异不显著,其他氨基酸在2组间存在显著或极显著差异,两种体色福瑞鲤2号之间ΣEAA/ΣTAA没有显著差异;BG肉豆蔻酸 (C14:0)显著高于WR,BG的饱和脂肪酸含量较WR稍高,WR的单不饱和脂肪酸含量较BG稍高,二者多不饱和脂肪酸含量相近;WR的弹性和咀嚼性显著高于BG。研究表明,体色对福瑞鲤2号的肌肉品质有影响。本研究为鱼类肉质性状改良提供基础数据和参照依据。

     

Heritability estimates for processing and quality traits in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) using a molecular pedigree

Heritability estimates with a microsatellite parentage assignment based pedigree are of special interest in common carp cultured under traditional pond conditions. This method reduces common environment effects as all families can be grown immediately after hatching mixed in the same pond. We applied this method to study genetics of growth and processing traits in common carp at market size (1.5 kg and more). The experimental progeny was established by crossing 147 two-year old males and 8 females (six to eight-year old) of Hungarian synthetic mirror carp population. The fish grew up through three vegetation seasons and at the end a sample of 331 fish was examined for biometrical traits (standard length, body weight, relative head length, relative body height, relative body width), percent fat and processing traits (% processed body, % fillets with skin, % fillets without skin). It was shown that sex had a significant effect on most traits: females were larger and fatter than males, and they had both higher percent processed body and percent fillet with skin. Standard length, body weight, percent fat and relative head length had a high heritability (> 0.5), while relative body height, relative body width, percent processed body and fillet yields had a medium heritability (0.2–0.5). We found relatively high positive genetic correlations between body size (standard length and body weight) and percent fat (0.71 and 0.59, respectively), favourable genetic correlations between body size and percent processed body (0.69 for standard length and 0.74 for body weight) and between body size and fillet yields (0.50–0.77). Genetic correlations between body size and body shape (relative head length, relative body height and relative body width) were weak to moderate, thus selection for better growth should have little impact towards more rotund shape. Relative head length had strong negative correlation (− 0.7 to − 0.9) with percent fat, percent processed body and percent fillet yields. This means that indirect selection for reduced relative head length should be effective in improving of fillet yield.     

Effect of water temperature and short-term fasting on macronutrient self-selection by common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

The influence of water temperature (17 and 25 °C) and a period of fasting on the self-selection of macronutrients were examined in common carp held on a 12:12-h light/dark cycle. Eight replicate groups of juvenile carp (ca. 15 g body weight at 17 °C and 25 g at 25 °C) were fed with three test diets [high-protein (HP), high-fat (HF) and high-carbohydrate (HC) diets] by individual self-feeders for 3 weeks, followed by a 2-week period of fasting and then 3 weeks of refeeding. At 17 °C, the carp initially selected the HP and HF diets [HP/HF/HC (%)=38:40:22], whereas at 25 °C, the carp selected the HP diet over the others (55:21:24). After fasting, the carp tended to increase their demand for the HF diet at 17 °C and for the HC diet at 25 °C, but the overall self-selection of the test diets did not differ markedly from that prior to fasting. Carp held at 17 °C had higher relative whole body fat content and plasma triglyceride concentration; the latter decreased markedly during fasting. These results suggest that water temperature influences the macronutrient selection by carp: a relatively high demand for both protein and fat at 17 °C and for protein at 25 °C. Two weeks of fasting, however, did not markedly alter their macronutrient selection.     

清水江鲤基于微卫星标记和形态指标的遗传分析

利用12个微卫星标记对鲤(Cyprinus carpio)的4个野生群体 [清水江鲤、太湖鲤、黄河鲤(C.carpio haematopterus)和黑龙江鲤(C.carpio amurensis)] 和2个选育群体 [福瑞鲤(C.carpio var. FFRC)和松浦镜鲤(C. carpio var. specularis 'Song-pu')] 共208尾个体进行遗传分析。结果显示,12个位点共检测到341个等位基因,平均等位基因数为28.67,其中1个位点(HLJ1127)检测到正向选择压力;选育群体的遗传多样性参数普遍低于野生群体,其中松浦镜鲤群体的各项参数均值最低(N_a=6.82,H_o=0.54,PIC=0.50),清水江鲤群体的各项参数均值最高(N_a=21.25,H_o=0.80,PIC=0.91);分子方差分析显示,整体遗传变异主要来自群体内,但群体间呈极显著遗传分化(P<0.01);基于群体Nei's遗传距离的UPGMA聚类树和PCoA分析表明,鲤4个野生群体间遗传距离较近,而与2个人工选育群体间遗传距离较远;基于个体遗传结构及PCoA分析显示部分野生个体遗传结构比较混杂,而选育个体的遗传结构则相对单一。研究表明,中国鲤野生资源具有较高的遗传多态性,而人工选育群体维持着较纯的遗传种质。