In vitro propagation of a medicinal plant: Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.

In this study a reliable protocol was developed for the establishment of commercial in vitro cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f.. Juvenile shoots from one-year-old elite plants were used as the source of explants. New axillary shoots were obtained after 30 days of culture on a MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). The optimal multiplication medium was a modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (1.0 mg·L–1) and NAA (0.1 mg·L–1). This yielded a multiplication rate of 2.4 fo...     

雷公藤试管苗生根培养条件优化

为获得雷公藤试管苗生根的最佳条件,以雷公藤试管苗生根率为评价指标,通过对基本培养基MS以及激素ABT-1#和IBA的浓度等因子进行二次正交旋转组合试验,确定雷公藤试管苗生根的最佳培养基组成为1/2MS+0.6 mg·L-1ABT-1#+0.2 mg·L-1IBA。在最佳培养基上,回归方程预测试管苗生根率高达82.28%;通过实际接种验证,生根率为80.5%,与理论值误差为2.16%。     

雷公藤抗肿瘤三萜成分的研究

研究雷公藤根心部分的化学成分.采用硅胶柱色谱法进行分离,从其氯仿提取物中分得9个三萜化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为雷公藤素D(1),雷公藤素E(2),直楔草酸(3),雷公藤素H(4),22-β-羟基-3-氧代-12-齐墩果烯-29-羧酸(5),雷公藤三萜酸C(6),雷公藤素G(7),雷公藤酸A(8),雷公藤醇A(9).抗肿瘤生物活性体外筛选实验表明:化合物7和9对P-388小鼠白血病细胞株的生长表现出强的抑制率,化合物1对A-549人肺腺癌表现出强的抑制率.     

Four new neolignans from the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii

Four new neolignans, wilfordiols A-D (1-4), together with five known compounds (5-9), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD experiments. The anti-inflammation activities of compounds 1-9 were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production, in vitro.     

In Vitro propagation of juvenileNothofagus leoni Espinosa (Fagaceae)

Nothofagus leoni has a restricted distribution in Chilean forests. This work determines suitable culture conditions forin vitro multiplication and rooting through shoots obtained from seedlings. Broadleaved Tree Medium was suitable for shoot multiplication. A medium with a pulse of 0.55 μM BA in the first subculture and two subcultures on BA-free medium resulted in a multiplication rate at day 63 of × 5.7, without callus growth or shoot neoformation. Rooted shoots of good quality (number and length of roots without callus growth) were obtained with 1.23 μM IBA (91.4% of rooting). The first roots appeared at day 11, reaching a higher speed of rooting at day 15.     

黄脉爵床快速繁殖技术研究

黄脉爵床组织培养快速繁殖，基本培养基以MS和1/2MS为好，植物激素为BA和NAA，BA质量浓度为1.0mg/L左右，NAA质量浓度为0.1mg/L左右。在扩大繁殖过程中将单芽和分丛生芽法改用微型短枝扦插法，可加快繁殖和提高移栽成活率。     

Vegetative propagation of Aesculus indica through stem cuttings treated with plant growth regulators

Cuttage propagation of Aesculus indica was tested by treatments with different concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm), indolebutyric acid (IBA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) and naphthlcetic acid (NAA) @ 2000, 4000 (ppm) in dry formulation in the Forest Nursery, Faculty of Forestry, SKUAST-K, Shalimar. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 4000 ppm and IBA @ 2000 ppm had a sprouting rate of 75% and 50%, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of control and other treatments. The highest rooting rate (50%) was recorded in the cuttings with the application of IBA @ 4000 ppm. The cuttings treated with IBA @ 2000 ppm had 25% rooting rate. All other treatments along with control (talc powder) failed to induce rooting. It was concluded that IBA @ 4000 ppm was a better-applied concentration for vegetative propagation of A. indica under Kashmir conditions. Biography: Mumtaz Majeed (1980– ), male, post graduate in Faculty of Forestry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology, Shalimar, Srinagar - 191 121, J&K, India.     

珍稀濒危植物海南粗榧保育群落植被生物多样性研究

采用样地调查法对海南霸王岭国家级自然保护区海南粗榧保育群落植被生物多样性进行研究,结果表明,霸王岭的海南粗榧群落生物多样性指数较高,虽然不同样方中的乔木层、灌木草本层的生物多样性指数都表现出极显著差异,但同一样方中乔木层和灌木草本层生物多样性指数相差不大;保育群落中的优势种主要有红紫麻(Oreocnide rubescens)、野芭蕉(Musa wilsonii)、药用狗牙花(Ervatamia officinalis)等;保育区内海南粗榧成年和幼体植株生长情况较好。     

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. versus Sulfasalazine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a well-designed clinical trial of a botanical demonstrating effectiveness

Claims that Traditional/Alternative medicine (TM/AM) remedies are effective are routinely ignored by Western Medicine. However, the results of a clinical trial that demonstrated the clinical efficacy of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. (TW), a TM used as an anti-inflammatory, were recently published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Why this article was published in a peer reviewed Allopathic medical journal is an important question that begs examination and may lay the future promise of TM/AM therapeutic interventions.     

珍稀濒危植物海南粗榧幼苗天然更新与环境因子的灰色关联分析

以1996—2005年观测数据为基础,运用灰色系统理论和方法,分析环境因子对海南粗榧种群内的海南粗榧植株各林龄存活率、幼苗高度增加比、幼苗高度增加值的影响。结果表明:年最高温度对各种群海南粗榧幼苗的存活率影响最大,年最低温度对各种群海南粗榧幼苗的植株高度年增加值影响最大,而土壤的厚度及湿度严重影响了海南粗榧幼苗的生长。因此,在保护海南粗榧野生种群的生长过程中,应注意其生长环境(主要是温度及土壤)对植株的影响,以便提高幼苗的存活率并改善植株生长状况。     

Direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. f.: a vulnerable medicinal plant

An efficient system was developed for direct plant regeneration from in vitro-derived leaf explants of Embelia ribes Burm. f., a vulnerable medicinal woody climber of the Western Ghats of India. The in vitro procedure involved three steps that included induction of shoot initials from leaf tissue, regeneration and elongation of shoots from the shoot initials, and rooting of shoots. The induction of shoot initials was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) solid medium supplemented with different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ). The best medium for shoot induction was MS with 0.272 μM TDZ. Numerous shoot primordia developed within 2–3 weeks on the leaf margin as well as on the midrib region, without any callus phase. In the second step, the shoot clumps separated from the leaf explant on transfer to MS basal medium, resulting in the differentiation of 90% of the shoot initials into well-developed shoots. The 2- to 3-cm-long shoots rooted on half-strength MS basal medium supplemented with 4.90 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 3% (w/v) sucrose in the third stage. The rooted plants could be established in soil with 70% success. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro propagation and conservation of this important threatened medicinal plant.     

In vitro culture of immature embryos from Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola

For the mass production of Koelreuteria bipinnata var. integrifoliola with selected, hybrid or genetically engineered genotypes, one potentially desirable propagation strategy is based on embryo culture. The immature embryo development in vitro from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola was studied under different conditions of embryo age, basic culture media and plant growth regulators. The results show that: 1) germination rate of grade 3 embryos in immature seeds with 0.6–0.8 cm diameter was 98.9%. The germination rate of grade 2 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4–0.6 cm diameter was 77.8% and the germination rate of grade 1 embryos in immature seeds with 0.4 cm diameter was 15.6%. 2) The amounts of macroelements in MS medium had no clear effect on the germination rate of immature grade 3 embryos and had a modest effect on plantlet growth, where the best medium was MS or 1/2 MS. The rates were all greater than 90%. 3) The germination rate of grade 3 embryos was greater than 87% when the medium contained a low concentration of NAA or no plant growth regulators at all and decreased markedly when BAP alone or BAP and NAA together were added to the media. We suggest that in vitro culture of immature embryos from K. bipinnata var. integrifoliola can be enhanced when a small amount of plant growth regulators is added. The addition of BAP has an adverse reaction to the germination and development of immature embryos.     

响应面法优化八角茴香中莽草酸的超声波提取工艺研究

采用响应面法优化超声波提取八角茴香中莽草酸的条件.在单因素试验的基础上,选取超声波作用时间、液料比和超声波功率为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合进行3因素3水平的实验设计,以莽草酸得率作为响应值,进行响应面分析(RSA).结果表明,超声波法提取八角茴香中莽草酸的最佳提取条件为:1g八角茴香原料,以甲醇为溶剂,提取时间202s,液料比46.4:1(mL:g),超声波功率318W,得率预测值为8.25%,验证值为8.21%,与预测值的相对误差为0.45%.     

In vitro anti-uveal melanoma activity of phenolic compounds from the Egyptian medicinal plant Acacia nilotica

Anti-uveal melanoma activity-guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of Acacia nilotica pods resulted in the isolation of the new compound gallocatechin 5-O-gallate (5) in addition to methyl gallate (1), gallic acid (2), catechin (3), catechin 5-O-gallate (4), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (6), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (7) and digallic acid (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and CD data. In addition to uveal melanoma, the antiproliferative activities of the isolated compounds and the related compound epigallocatechin 3-O-gallate (EGCG) were evaluated against cutaneous melanoma, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma and normal retinal pigmented cells.     

Micropropagation of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla [Raf.] Sarg.) from embryonic explants

An in vitro propagation protocol is described for western hemlock, an important forestry species in Canada. For shoot bud induction, embryonic explants were placed initially on one-third strength Schenk and Hildebrandt medium containing 5 M N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) or 5 M BA in combination with either 5 M kinetin or 5 M 2-isopentenyl adenine for 14 days. The explants were transferred to basal medium without cytokinins for 3 weeks, and then to basal medium containing 0.05% activated charcoal. Elongating shoots were subcultured every 4 weeks on charcoal medium. Shoots, 10 mm in stem height, were rooted either in agar or sterilized peat/perlite (1:1). Up to 70% of the shoots formed roots when they were transferred to the latter, moistened with 1/2 strength Gresshoff and Doy medium containing 5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid. About 90% of the plantlets survived transfer to greenhouse conditions.     

In vitro clonal propagation of mature Tectona grandis through axillary bud proliferation

An in vitro clonal propagation procedure for mature Tectona grandis (teak) trees is described. Multiple shoots were induced from nodal segments through axillary bud proliferation. A shoot multiplication rate of 6.33 was achieved on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 10 μM 6-benzyladenine BA and 1 μM 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) during every subculture cycle of 4 weeks. In vitro raised shoots could be successfully rooted (66.66%) on liquid MS medium supplemented with 15 μM NAA, with 1.60 roots per shoot, every 6 weeks of culture. In vitro hardening was carried out in sand soaked with half-strength MS medium (organic free). The plantlets were acclimatized first in a mist chamber and then in polybags in a mixture of soil, sand, and farmyard manure (1 : 1 : 1 v/v) in a shade house.     

An efficient micropropagation system for Celastrus paniculatus Willd.: a vulnerable medicinal plant

A micropropagation protocol was developed for Celastrus paniculatus, a vulnerable medicinal plant. Cultures were initiated from nodal explants collected from young shoots of a 12-year-old plant in MS basal medium. An average of five shoots were produced in MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg l⁻¹ benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.1 mg l⁻¹ naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) after two subculture cycles with a 30-day interval. Continuous subculture in the same medium for three more cycles resulted in reduction of the number of multiple shoots (2 or 3 shoots), vitrification of the shoots, and callus formation. Vitrification of cultures could be overcome by the use of MS medium supplemented with lower concentrations of BA (0.05 mg l⁻¹) and NAA (0.01 mg l⁻¹). Among the various rooting trials, ex vitro rooting of shoots with simultaneous hardening was most efficient. The method standardized in the present study is simple, as it eliminated separate steps for in vitro rooting and hardening. Qualitative chemical similarity of the tissue culture regenerants with the mother plant was confirmed using high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) profiling.     

BACE inhibitory flavanones from Balanophora involucrata Hook. f.

One new flavanone (S)-5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-flavanone-7-O-(6″-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (1), together with one known flavanone and four known dihydrochalcones were isolated from the ethyl acetate partitions from an alcoholic extract of the whole plant of Balanophora involucrata Hook. f. All of the compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Their in vitro BACE inhibitory effects were evaluated. Compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were found to be a little more active than the positive control, although all of which are below 50% inhibition at 10 μM.     

Vegetative propagation of African Mahogany: effects of auxin, node position, leaf area and cutting length

Applied auxin, node position, leaf area and cutting length were examined to investigate the requirements for rooting stem cuttings of Khaya ivorensis. All these variables were shown to be important factors affecting rooting, confirming the hypothesis that successful rooting can be achieved if these primary variables are optimised.The best concentration of the auxin IBA was found to be 200 g per cutting, which hastened rooting, increased the percentage of cuttings rooted and increased the number of roots per cutting. One clone (8013) was unresponsive to auxins in terms of the percentage of cuttings rooted, but was the most responsive in terms of the numbers of roots per cutting. A greater percentage of cuttings from basal nodes were rooted than from apical nodes. Cuttings cut squarely at the base produced a radially-arranged root system, whereas an oblique cut resulted in a one-sided root system.Trimming the leaf area of cuttings to 10 cm² gave greater rooting percentages than trimming to 100 cm². In general, long cuttings (39 mm) rooted better than short cuttings (19 mm), however, there was an interaction between leaf area and cutting length, in which cuttings with short stems and large leaves had the lowest rooting percentage.     

Clonal propagation ofGmelina arborea Roxb. byIn vitro culture

In vitro propagation technique ofGmelina arborea multipurpose and a fast growing tree species was studied. Nodal segment including axillary bud was used as a explant. They were cultured on MS media containing various concentrations (0–10 mg/l) of BAP alone or in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA. Nodal segments showed axillary bud proliferation in almost all media tested. MS media containing 0.22 mg/l of BAP alone and 2 mg/l of BAP in combination with 0.002 mg/l of IBA were effective for inducing multiple shoots and shoot elongation. MS medium supplemented with 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA gave the best result for rooting. The regenerated plantlets were potted and acclimatized successfully in a growth chamber and then moved to the green house. Adventitious shoots production from stem explants that were taken from regenerated plantletin vitro was also discussed. Stem segments were tested for their morphogenetic potential on MS media with various combinations and concentrations of BAP, zeatin and TDZ. Successfull result was obtained on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin or supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.5 mg/l of TDZ. The shoots obtained on MS media containing 2 mg/l of BAP and 1 mg/l of zeatin rooted on MS media containing 0.02 mg/l of NAA and 1 mg/l of IBA, and plantlets were successfully obtained. A part of this paper was presented at the 109th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forest Society (1998).