The effect of volatile component on the heat value of wastewater and sludge samples from WWTP

The municipal wastewater biology treatment process includes both pollutants transferring and energy utilization. The wastewater and sludge samples of several WWTP (wastewater treatment plant) in Chongqing are investigated. The heat value, volatile component and element content of those samples are determined. The effect of volatile component on heat value is analyzed. The results show that it has a good correlation between volatile component and heat value. The heat value has a negative correlation with volatile component when volatile component is below 30%, while it has a positive correlation with volatile component when volatile component is above 37%. The heat value is also calculated by the Dulong formula. The conclusions are pretty close: heat value has a negative correlation with volatile component when volatile component is below 28.26%, while has a positive correlation with it when volatile component is above 28.26%. It indicates that the analysis method for heat value of wastewater and sludge in this paper is effective, and it can be used in wastewater measurement.     

MBR工艺处理石榴浓缩汁生产废水的应用研究

摘要：采用规格为3 m3/d的一体式中空纤维膜生物反应器（MBR）对某果汁厂石榴浓缩汁生产废水进行了净化处理应用研究。实验结果表明：当进水CODCr为756~1097 mg/L时,出水CODCr为34~95 mg/L,CODCr去除率为89.5%~97.0%。膜的截留作用占总去除率的10%~20%。该装置连续运行了60 d,出水均稳定达到排放标准。采用膜生物反应器工艺处理果汁废水技术可行、操作简单、易于管理,可节省50%左右的添加营养物质氮磷的成本,为工业规模应用提供了技术参考。     

Biological Pretreatment Processes of Nitrilon Wastewater

The nitrilon wastewater was pretreated with aerobic activated sludge, suspended carrier expanded bed and anaerobic biological reactor. The results showed that the aerobic activated sludge was unfit for treating nitrilon wastewater due to its CN - toxicity and high concentration of difficult degraded organic matter. With the increase of operational time, the activity of sludge lost gradually and a lot of microbe died. The effect of suspended carrier expanded bed treating nitrilon wastewater was worse and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was under 15%. The anaerobic biological reactor was good at treating nitrilon wastewater and the removal efficiency of contaminated matter was up to 35%. Meanwhile the wastewater quality was improved and the biochemical performance of nitrilon wastewater was enhanced, which were beneficial for advanced treatment to nitrilon wastewater by sequential biological treating processes.     

养猪场污水治理工程实例分析

研究旨在研究污水处理组合工艺对养猪场污水处理效果，以期为同类养猪场粪污处理处置提供一定参考。应用固液分离-厌氧生物发酵-生物氧化塘组合工艺处理福建永安某养猪场污水，结果表明：出水水质的监测数据显示，SS、CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N和TP的浓度分别为48.0、138.0、37.3、41.6、2.02 mg/L，可达到畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准(GB 18596—2001)排放标准。对该组合工艺的投资费用和经济效益分析结果表明，利用该工艺模式处理养猪场废水具有投资省、回收期短等优点。     

Two Stair Anaerobic-SBR Process Treaatment of Soy Wastewater

Wastewater of soying industry has complicated constituents,and usually contains many kinds of organic things. It has deep tinct, and it is difficult to decompose, and a large fluctuation exists in water character and flow. The paper essentially introduces how to apply the treatment technology of two stair anaerobic_SBR process to treat the soy wastewater. At first, the anaerobic tank must be filled with the spring solid packing, also as a SBR reactor pond are followed. By analyzing the feature of the design,the characteristics of the engineer and the treatment efficiency, the final results show that the average investment of one ton wastewater is 2.9 thousand yuan,and the average treatment fee of one ton is about 0.4 yuan. The most importance is the steady treatment result and the final effluent quality can meet the national standard.     

Research on the Strengthening Effect of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Multi-loop Reactor in Low Carbon-resource Condition

A multi-loop reactor is constructed based on analysis of temporal and spatial character of several continuous current nitrogen and phosphorus removal process in this paper.Through cross experiment design,the important factors to influence the effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus removing under low carbon-resource condition were found,and the feasible control parameters of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process under low carbon-resource condition were put forward.The results are valuable for design and operation of wastewater treatment process with similar conditions.     

Pretreatment of Coke Oven Waste Water with Iron Scrap Method

Denitrification of Coke oven waste water is most biological.That COD/NH 3 N is too high is adverse to biological denitrification.Iron scrap method is used to pretreat coke oven wastewater in order to degrade COD.Coke oven wastewater is pretreated by iron scrap with ancillary material. A good result is got that the removal efficiency of COD cr of wastewater is 40% or so without regulating pH of wastewater and the solution is alkaline.The results show that the factors arragned in important order as the follows:the quantity of iron scrap,graphite,ancillary material A, treatment time,aeration time.The removal efficiency of COD does not lower ater the reactor has run about two months. The results are stable.     

Features of Hydrolysis acidogenosis Reactor in Concentric Structure and Its Pilot scale Application

A novel hydrolysis acidification reactor in concentric structure was designed and developed, which could improve the biodegradability of wastewater effectively by the enhancement of the mixture performance due to the stirring and reflux. The pilot scale study showed that the COD removal rate could reach over 46% and 36% respectively treating the two different kinds of refractory wastewater. Moreover, the reactor could cut down the operational cost through the variation of the operation mode. According to the comparison with other hydrolysis acidification reactors, the result showed that a 6 percentage point of improvement in COD removal could be reached to the novel hydrolysis acidification reactor.     

A Modified Clean Production Technique of Recovering Calcium Phosphate for Gelatin Plant

A clean production technique, which can reduce wastewater pollution for gelatin plant in pH, suspended COD and Ca 2+ , has been proposed. Precipitated the lime from lime wastewater produced by lime process, then this alkali water without lime is added to another acidic wastewater produced by pickling process to e CaHPO 4. But in traditional technique, the lime wastewater with lime is added to pickling wastewater directly, little lime wastewater was consumed and large amount of lime wastewater, which contains high pH, high-suspended COD and high Ca, and is difficult to treat by biological treatment, is produced for gelatin plant. It is proved by the experiment that the final wastewater produced by the clean production technique has lower pH for the pickling wastewater consuming large amount of lime wastewater. It has lower COD for all the suspended COD and partial soluble COD being separated from the wastewater absorbed by CaHPO4 sedimentation, and that it has lower Ca for it is no longer the saturated lime solution.     

高寒地区土地渗滤技术处理生活污水的研究

为解决高寒地区农牧民定居点生活污水处理存在水质浓度低、运行费用高和无专业运营管理人员等问题,笔者拟采用土地渗滤系统进行高寒地区农牧民定居点生活污水处理试验,分析不同条件时的去除效率,确定最佳工艺运行参数。试验结果表明,高寒地区地下渗滤系统最佳工艺参数：填料配比为1:2,表层土厚度为15 cm,水力负荷为7 cm/d。地下渗滤系统对生活污水中的污染物具有较好的去除效率,出水能够达到城镇污水排放一级A标准。     

RESEARCH ON THE SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN A GAS-LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED BIOREACTOR

The process of treating slaughterhouse wastewater in a gas-liquid-solid fluidizedbed bioreactor is studied,and the factors of affecting reactor performance are a nalysed in this pa-per.Some design parameters and experiences are obtained through the pilot experiment.     

STUDY OF THE SUBSTRATE DEGRADATION KINETIC MODEL OF THE UPFLOW ANAEROBIC BLANKET FILTER REACTOR

According to biochemistry principle and chemical reactor th-eory, the process of treating brewery wastewater has been discussed and the conception of the specific substrate removal rate of packing area and thespecific substrate removal rate of blanket volume are put forward in this pa-per. The basic form of anaerobic treating organic wastewate kinetic modelis U=U_(max). S/ (K+S). The coefficiente of the reactor to treat brewery waste-water are determined.     

气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧处理马铃薯淀粉废水工艺探索

马铃薯淀粉废水是高浓度酸性有机废水,主要含有溶解性的淀粉和少量蛋白质。结合甘肃临洮县某淀粉加工企业实际情况,从已有厌氧好氧—絮凝沉淀组合淀粉加工废水处理工艺入手,研究了经改进的气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧组合工艺处理马铃薯淀粉废水的效果。结果表明,在进水COD_(cr)=12 000 mg/L,BOD_5=6 300 mg/L,SS=500～1 000 mg/L下,经过气浮—絮凝—厌氧好氧组合工艺处理,COD_(cr)去除率达到97.67%,BOD_5去除率为98.97%,处理后水质达到淀粉工业水污染排放标准(GB 25461-2010),同时采用气浮—絮凝分离技术能够回收植物蛋白,厌氧发酵产生沼气回收利用,具有良好的经济效益。     

Study on Factors Affecting the Activated Sludge Bulking and Its Control

In this paper,the concept,types and mechanism of activated sludge bulking were introduced.The factors affecting the sludge bulking were discussed from the aspects of wastewater quality,such as wastewater with high content of carbon hydrate,decayed wastewater,wastewater with toxic substance,wastewater with unbalanced content of N and P and wastewater with low pH value;the environment conditions such as flowing state of the flow,operation manner,variation of water quality and other factors(pH,temperature,nutrition) etc.And also,the emergency controlling,environment controlling and process operating controlling methods are put forward for controlling activated sludge bulking.     

The mechanism of differential susceptibility to alternaria black spot,caused by Alternaria alternata,of stem- and bottom-end tissues of persimmon fruit

In Israel, alternaria black spot (ABS), caused by Alternaria alternata, is the main postharvest factor that reduces quality and impairs storability of persimmon fruit Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph. The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest, or starts development just before harvest, following rain or high humidity. During 2–3 months of storage at 0 °C, the pathogen colonizes the fruit, eliciting ABS symptoms. Susceptibility of the fruit to A. alternata attack is characterized by colonization in the upper, stem-end tissue, in contrast to lack of development at the bottom end. Comparison between the physiology of the stem-end and the bottom-end tissues showed greater production of ethylene and CO₂ in the former during early stages of fruit growth, and greater cracked areas and reduced chlorophyll levels in the later stages of growth, before harvest. Increasing fruit weight by increasing irrigation in the orchard enhanced the cracked area and susceptibility to ABS during growth and at harvest. Wound inoculation enhanced ABS colonization in both ends of the fruit, but more significantly in the upper stem end. The present results suggest that the differential susceptibility to ABS during storage is caused by a differential ripening process, and possibly, by increased maturity at the stem end, leading to cracking and increased ABS development.     

土壤多环芳烃污染的植物根际降解研究

人类活动引起的土壤多环芳烃（PAHs）累积已经引起了土壤污染并已经成为影响人体健康和农业生产的重要环境问题之一。在土壤环境中,植物根际过程是土壤多环芳烃消除的关键环节之一。为此,对土壤中多环芳烃污染的来源和危害进行了叙述,并对土壤多环芳烃污染生物降解的机制和影响因素进行了分析,说明了土壤根际降解在土壤多环芳烃污染修复中的作用和多环芳烃在根际降解中的限制因素,指出提高土壤多环芳烃修复的关键因素之一是提高土壤多环芳烃的生活可利用性,最后对环芳烃在根际降解研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Kinetics on degradation of CODcr in mustard comprehensive wastewater by electro-Fenton process

The treatment efficiency of mustard comprehensive wastewater with high salt by electro-Fenton is studied to solve the problem that microorganism is inhibited by high salt and improve the unstable performance of biological treatment. CODcr removal effect and its influencing factors in high salt wastewater by electro-Fenton process are mainly investigated, and the degradation kinetics of CODcr is analyzed. The results show that CODcr removal rate reaches 76.33 % after 120 min at the conditions that current density of 10 A/dm 2, ferrous sulfate dosage 1.0 mmol/L, electrode spacing 15 mm, pH=5, RuO2-IRO2-SnO2-TiO2/Ti quaternary as anode, titanium mesh as cathode. Kinetic analysis shows that the degradation curve of CODcr consists with the first-order response characteristics and the value of the kinetic constant is 0.0121 min -1 when COD of raw wastewater is 4 225 mg/L. By linear regression equation, kinetics model of CODcr degradation is established. The model possesses higher regression rate (R 2=99.25%) and has higher coincide degree with the experimental results.     

Domestic Sewage Treatment Using Three-stage SBR Denitrification and Phosphorus Removal Process

Based on the mechanism of biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal, the collision between on nutrient and resident time is given. In order to solve this problem, a new process for wastewater biological treatment- three-stage SBR process has been developed. Three- stage SBR process treat domestic sewage is applied, which controls various kinds of bacteria optimum growth with the different function that responsibility for removal organics, nitrogen and phosphorus existed in the different reactors and combine with the denitr/fying phosphorus removing process . The experiment results show that ,the three-stage SBR process not only improved the treatment efficiency that COD ,TN,and TPaverage removal efficiency is 87% ,80% and 86% , but also saved the energy cost. removal. The process can make better effect on simultaneous nutrients removal, simple operation and low cost will make a good application prospect for it.     

Hospital Wastewater Treatment by Hydrolytic Acidification and Jet Aeration Process

The wastewater treatment plant with design capacity of 300 cubic meters per day was constructed to treat the hospital wastewater by hydrolytic acidification and jet aeration process for some hospital in Chongqing City. When the inflow wastewater concentration is 67.0 mg/L, 152.9 mg/L, 221.5 mg/L and 21.7 mg/L for BOD_5, COD_(cr), SS and NH_3-N respectively, the obtained effluent will be good enough to meet the requirement of Class I in the integrated wastewater discharge standard GB8978-1996.     

Development and application of ABS application resource library

In order to hurry up ABS development, the ABS ECU software is divided into hardware driver and control program. According to working principle of ABS, the control program, served as application resource, is classified into 4 layers. Based on analyzing the data flow among application resources, the structure of application resource library is defined and designed. Using the resources library, ABS control program is developed and road tests are done. The results show that application resource library has reusability and can hurry up ABS development.